{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/w37kp7v776/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 October 14"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b0993_0001.mp3 (Digital Object ID)","ms_1981_s07_b0993_0002.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audiocassettes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1980 October 14 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;684d8959-ba41-417a-a2c2-17650a2e5d24 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076779"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 October 14. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026684d8959-ba41-417a-a2c2-17650a2e5d24"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - open-uri20200312-3371-ojr2s7.mpga"]},"duration":3317.00244,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/596/original/open-uri20200312-3371-ojr2s7.mpga?1584000603","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3317.00244,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0993_0001_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e The last time we, Went as far as the outbreak of World War I and the structure causes of World War I. And let me sum up what some of the attributes were. First, the sister, there was, A century of relative peace in Europe at least without a major European war because all of the major powers in Europe in 1815 had substantially achieved the principle objectives or rather there was no country in the settlement of 1815 that felt so abused that it sought it worth its while to overthrow the international system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=5.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecondly, which is a Larry of the first. The European states, no European state, no major country was excluded from the settlement. In fact, in other words, the country that had been defeated became part of the settlement, so every country had an interest in maintaining the main outlines of the settlements.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=74.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThird, for about 60 years after the Treaty of Versailles, there was a general agreement on what constituted, after the treaty, after the Congress of Vienna, there was a general agreement on what constituted just international arrangements so that countries did not, on the whole, feel threatened by the domestic transformations in other society.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=103.0,131.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAs I pointed out, the emergence of a unified Germany. And fourthly, Central Europe was organized on a basis by which Germany, and to some extent Italy, were strong enough to defend themselves, but not strong enough to attack. And therefore did not create the temptations by all their neighbors to coalesce in self-protection or against them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=131.0,164.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow all of this, as I pointed out last time, changed with the emergence of a unified Germany, it permanently dissatisfied France. And the phasing of the international system, on the principle of national interest alone, without any relationship to compatible, domestic structures. The emergence of a Germany that was unified, have the practical consequence that a country that was strong enough to defend itself against all its neighbors was also strong enough to defeat Egypt in simply.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=164.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTherefore, was bound to produce the coalition against that that it feared most. And then secondly, the acquisition from, the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany from France had the practical consequence of making France a permanent enemy of Germany, so that even a Bismarckian foreign policy, Was on the verge of being overtaxed, because it meant that it could never permit even one other major European country to get into conflict with Germany because, any one country would always have France as an ally.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=211.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd so, the flexibility of German diplomacy or European diplomacy was lost. All of which then led to the system that existed prior to World War I. That is to say, a system in which there was an alliance between Germany and Austria, an alliance between France and Russia, which Britain reluctantly joined de facto partly because the Germans, in addition to becoming the strongest land power in the continent, also decided to become a seed power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=260.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the lesson of all of this is that when you aim for absolute security, you produce absolute insecurity in everybody else. And you then generate the very dangers you're attempting to avoid. These were the structural causes of World War I. I want to spend a few minutes on the actual outbreak of World War I because in our period, we are always told that the danger of war is the imbalance of military power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=301.0,342.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that is correct, that is the correct lesson of World War II, that if one nation becomes too powerful, it is tended into aggression. But, there is a danger of forgetting the lesson of World War I. Because World War I occurred under the conditions when there was a balance of military power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=342.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen there were no major aggressive intentions on the part of anyone where nobody wanted to take over the world. And yet they managed to produce a world war which escalated out of a relatively minor crisis into a general conflagration. On July 1st, 1914, nobody in Europe would have dreamed that a month later they would be in general war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=365.0,402.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nA month later they were in a war that they didn't know how to end. And from which European society never recovered and which smashed the whole international structure. Part of the reason was, that the statesmen had become used to two propositions, three propositions. One, that wars would be short.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=402.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore, we're not all that risky. Second, that they were living in a century of uninterrupted progress, which would go on forever. And third, that they had crisis at regular intervals for 20 years and none of them had ever blown out. So that there was no inherent reason for that particular crisis that blew out.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=438.0,464.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe crisis itself was relatively absurd. It was the assassination of the Austrian Archduke. And as I said last time, If the Austrian Archduke for example, to look at accidents, the Austrian Archduke was married to a non-aristocrat and nonmember of the royal. then, therefore, the various kings of Europe did not come to the funeral.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=464.0,492.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf they had all come to the funeral, World War I would not have occurred in 1914. It was bound to occur sometime, but it would not have occurred in 1914 because they would have settled the issue right then. Instead, everybody went on vacation. The German emperor went on vacation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=492.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe French President went on a ship for a state visit to Russia. The British didn't think it involved them at all. And the Austrians decided, in this hiatus, that they were going to humiliate Serbia because they were afraid that Serbia would organize the Balkans against them. Which was correct, that's exactly what the Serbians intended to do but nobody wanted to go to a general war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=510.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Germans had rashly told the Austrians that they could do with the Serbians what they wanted. Never dreaming that it involved, would ever involve, them. Well, I don't wanna go through the whole diplomacy of the months before the war broke out, although it would be an interesting study sometime for somebody to undertake.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=546.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe fundamental, the only point I want to that is worth recalling here is, that once the Austrians threatened Serbia. And once the Russians decided to assist Serbia, which up to that point it was exactly like 100, not 100, 10 crises that had occurred in the 19th century. There was nothing novel about this, this had happened during the Crimean War more or less with different players.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=581.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt had happened in 1878 when the, and it had always been settled. But what was new was the technology of mobilization schedules and the German war planning which required that Germany defeat one of its enemies before the other one was mobilized. And which therefore meant that once mobilization started, it could not stop.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=616.0,646.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that meant that the crucial decision was not the diplomacy, but when you start mobilization. And no leader had studied that profit because in no previous crisis had anybody ever started mobilizing. Once the mobilization started, it turned out the war was inevitable. And nobody felt any excessive anxiety about it because they all thought it will be over in six months And, One can argue forever who is responsible for World War I.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=646.0,696.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nImmediately I think Austria, Russia, France, I will put them in the order of the immediate first world I would put them in order Austria, Russia, France, Germany, Britain. Britain was the least interested in having a war. In the structural order, you'd have to put the Germans first. Because however a crisis started in Europe, once the Russians mobilized, the German war plan required them to attack France, which was crazy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=696.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd nobody, so far as I can tell, had studied the problem of the political madness of developing war planning in which a crisis starting in the East, must be answered with a war in the West. Now, one doesn't have to go on forever about the particular circumstances except to call attention to the fact that statesmen have to be very careful not to build into their planning an automatically, which gets out of their own control.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=742.0,783.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd not to create circumstances in which they then, for technical reasons, are driven into decisions the consequences of which are out of proportion to any original cause. And in this sense, World War I was an absolutely unnecessary war. And yet, if what I have said to you is correct, it was also absolutely inevitable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=783.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause you can go over and over and over again, the causes of it and you can prove how trivial they were. And yet, no one can say that some time over the next ten years, there wouldn't have been some other reason in which Russia mobilized, and therefore Germany attacked France.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=821.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was in hearing the improbable that you could run an international system, in which nobody has ever committed to mobilize, lest it would start a world war. So the war was both unnecessary and inevitable. The next thing that soon became apparent was that the German war planning that had been going on for 25 years and had been rehearsed year, after year, after year.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=841.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen they had to implement it, they found they had exercised everything except the psychological strain on the decision maker. The German war plan operated on the assumption to let the Russians mobilize. And let them invade East Germany if necessary. In fact the deeper they got into East Germany, the better it would be because the more exposed they would be.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=869.0,899.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Germans would throw practically their whole army against the French, Capture Paris and trap it against the marginal land, and not the marginal captured against the Germany frontier. But, the Germans, this is then what forced the Germans to go to Belgium. Germans going to Belgium guarantee that Britain would go into the war, especially since the Germans had built a large navy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=899.0,933.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf the Germans wanted to invade Belgium, they shouldn't have built the Navy. That was the only chance they had to keep Britain neutral. But to build a large navy and to go into Belgium, made it mathematically certain that Britain would go in. As it always had for 200 years when anybody took Belgium.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=933.0,954.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo, The Germans started wheeling through Belgium, the Russians invaded Eastern Germany and the German leaders lost their nerve. And pull troops out of Belgium to go to East Germany. Those troops were then missing when the battle of demand was fought, which reduced the stalemate on the Western front.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=954.0,982.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they were in fact in transit while a battle was fought against the Russians, in which the Russian were defeated. So, they fought neither in the West nor in the East. And the ultimate irony was that after all the planning they had done, they defeated the Russians, against whom they didn't want to fight a decisive battle, decisively and did not defeat the French, against whom they did want to fight a decisive battle.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=982.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWell, there's no point going through the history of World War I except for one point. When it was clear that they hadn't won. If the political leaders had been in control, they should have settled at that moment. There was absolutely no reason after October, 1914 to continue the war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1010.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause if you had asked every one of these leaders to state their objective when the war started, the best thing that could happen as a result of the war, there were minuscule alterations of frontiers. They were of no real significance. But having committed themselves to war, they kept going.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1034.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNot having understood the nature of modern weapons, nobody having looked at the American Civil War, for example. They took tremendous casualties. Once they took these casualties, they had to invent war aims to justify what that had all ready suffered. And so, suddenly it appeared that the domestic structure of each of these states became incompatible with the others.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1061.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe German Emperor used to travel around visiting his cousins in all other European states before the war. It never occurred to anybody that he was a warmonger. He was extravagant at a lot of other things, but warmonger had never occurred to anybody. Certainly it appeared that he was incompatible with the peace of Europe and that he had to go.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1089.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Germans formended, or contributed to a revolution in Russia, even though in terms of domestic structure, the Czar of Russia was much more compatible with domestic tranquility in Germany than Lenin. And so it went. So, that gradually the war ends escalated, and 20 million casualties inflicted, and European society never recovered from it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1115.0,1148.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then the United States entered the war. And it's an interesting question, whether that was an analog lesson, because if we hadn't been there, I think they would all have had to settle in 1917. And while that would not have been a glorious end to the war, it would have probably prevented the Russian revolution.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1148.0,1173.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd probably prevented Hitler, unless you argue Germany would have then won. At any rate, we entered the war. And that surely turned it into a crusade. It then became a peculiarly American exercise. A war for self-determination of people. A war to end all wars. A war that would end in a system of collective security.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1173.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd. [COUGH] That would operate on the basis of abstract moral principles and not balance of power. And we were so strong that we added a decisive weight to the balance that led to the total defeat of the central powers. That is to say, Germany and the Austro-Hungarian empire.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1209.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow. This then led to a settlement. A white country in approach to the settlement of the Congress of Vienna. At the Congress of Vienna, this is why I spent the little time that with it last year, the Congress of Vienna, none of the statesmen claimed absolute moral validity.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1241.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey were trying to create a balance of power in Europe. They did not claim that they had fought a war to end all wars. They wanted to reduce the incentive to go to war. But they did not delude themselves that there'd never be another war. They understood that the most difficult problem in a peace settlement is to understand that the country you have just defeated is the least likely to start another war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1267.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that what you have to worry about is your ally. Because if you create a vacuum, somebody's gonna fill it. And this is why a lot of the maneuvering at the Congress of Vienna concerned exactly the question that was faced again in 1945, and missed in 1945. Which was, how to keep the Russians out of Central Europe?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1308.0,1336.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd all of the maneuvering at the Congress of Vienna was designed to keep the Russians as far east as possible. I mean, that was the principal strategic question. At the Treaty of Versailles nobody admitted that there was a strategic question, or that's not true. The British and French understood there was a strategic question.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1336.0,1361.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut we did not permit the issue to be posed in those terms, because to us in the American perception, peace is the normal condition. And peace is the universal desire of mankind. Therefore, war is not produced necessarily by an imbalance of power, but by the wicked decisions of evil men.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1361.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTherefore, the wicked must be punished. And the good will prevail. And history will stop at that point and mankind will live with a consciousness of harmony. Germany having been made the villain of the war. It had to be kept from starting it again. And the democracies had to organize the work.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1396.0,1435.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the peace was to be maintained, not by a balance of power, but by a system of collective security. Collective security means. That. Aggression, it's based on these premises. The cause of the war is always clear. Aggression is always unambiguous. Every nation in the world has a common interest, in preventing recourse to force.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1435.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTherefore, if any country anywhere uses force to achieve its objective, all other nations will unite against it to prevent it's exercise of force. And therefore a world organization will bring about a system of peace. And you don't have to worry what the balance of power is within that world organization, because those who are opposed to aggression will always be stronger than the aggressor.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1474.0,1508.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCuz there will only be one aggressor and 100, or 50, or whatever number of sides that are opposed to aggression. Now what was the practical consequence of this? The French who had France that had left. For 300 years, with the European balance of power. Did not believe one word of what was saying.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1508.0,1541.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFrance had just lost 2 million men out of a population of 40 Million, which is 5% of the total population. 10% of the male population and probably 30% of the young generation of the generation between say, 18 and 40. And a horrendous [INAUDIBLE]. They knew that they were nearly defeated in 1914, if the Germans had been more consequent in caring their action.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1541.0,1581.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey knew they were nearly bled to death at the battle of Verdun. And that they nearly lost it again in 1918, if the United States hadn't come in. And this was with Britain and us on their side. So they knew that alone they didn't have a prayer. And yet they had to deal with an ally that wouldn't let them act on that knowledge.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1581.0,1610.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo. Secondly, the result of the principle of self determination was, that the Austrian-Hungarian Empire disintegrated. And that, instead of one state bordering Germany. There were now, I have never counted them. Six or seven little states, as successors to the Austrian-Hungarian. Do you know how many?\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1610.0,1644.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFour, I guess.\n\u003e\u003e Four [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria.\n\u003e\u003e And then the other successor states were, Hungary and Yugoslavia?\n\u003e\u003e Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland. So it's six successor states, growing out of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. Well. So the French. There was no one there at the Treaty of Versailles, who could organize a European system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1644.0,1685.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe way it had been done a century earlier at Vienna. So, everybody took care of his own concern. The American concern was, to set up the League of Nations and a system of collective security. The British concern was the traditional one of Britain. Not to permit one nation to become the most powerful nation in Europe.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1685.0,1714.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhich meant that the British objectively became anti-French. Or at least very suspicious of the French. The French concern was that. Since we insisted on a coalition of democracy, since Russia had become communist, they have to reduce German power as much as possible. So, they imposed a treaty on Germany, the Treaty of Versailles.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1714.0,1749.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWell, all of this led to a treaty, The Treaty of Versailles which had these attributes. Literally, it made Germany very weak because it took territories away from middle to east. It meant that Rhineland was demilitarized which meant that the French could match in anytime they wanted, the German army was limited to 100,000 men it was not permitted to have tanks, airplanes or heavy artillery.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1749.0,1789.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAlsace-Lorrain was returned to France. Every indemnity was imposed on it. And it had to admit in the treaty, it's working. So, under the terms of the treaty, Germany was extremely weak. But structurally, the European system after 1918 was more favorable to Germany than the European system before 1914.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1789.0,1834.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the historic joke of the Treaty of Versailles is. That it guaranteed the German domination of Europe, and it took a madman like Hitler to prevent it. If the Germans had been willing to wait for 30 years, rather than do it all in one move. The structure of the Treaty of Versailles made it almost inevitable, that they would become the dominant country in Europe, why?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1834.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhere the countries of Vienna had all the major [INAUDIBLE]. The Treaty of Versailles had. Did not involve the Soviet Union, which was excluded because it was a communist country. It obviously did not involve Germany which signed it reluctantly, and was only biding its time until it could overthrow it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1866.0,1901.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt did not really involve Britain which due to the demilitarization of Germany became so worried about France, that it did not feel it had to preserve that agreement. And finally didn't even include us. Because we wouldn't ratify the league of nation. But we shouldn't kid ourselves even if we had ratified the league of nation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1901.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt still would not have worked because the doctrine of collective security is inherently flawed. It is not true that aggression is unambiguous as one found out in the '30s, and as we are seeing again these days. It is not true that every nation has an equal interest. In preventing aggression.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1926.0,1948.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOnly those nations who are directly threatened have an interest in preventing aggression. If you look at the record of the United Nations as of the League of Nations in practical operations. The system of collective security works to protect the aggressive. Because what happens is that the aggressor sees his territory.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1948.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the world organization demands a ceasefire only at the point that aggression is already completed. And you cannot get nations that are not directly involved according to engage themselves. According to the system of elective security. There is absolutely no question that at this moment United Nation to demand to withdraw all the Iraqi troops from Iran.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1978.0,2007.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt doesn't make any difference that they have hostages or not. It is a clear case of territorial aggression across a recognized international boundary on any theory of where the boundary is. And yet you have not heard one nation make that demand. In an international forum, including ours. Because if you make that demand, you then have to be willing to run a risk for it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2007.0,2034.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd we are not willing to run a risk for that strip of Iranian territory any more. Then, the world community was willing to run a risk for Ethiopia in '36. Or for any of the issues that then arose. So, the next problem with the Treaty of Versailles, was that there was an enormous gap.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2034.0,2063.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat bring the principle between the legitimizing principle and the reality of the treaty. Under our theory, all nations were equal. Under our theory, every nation had an interest in protecting the in participating in the international system and maintaining its structure. But, in reality, the Soviet Union had no such interest.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2063.0,2089.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nGermany had no such interest. And every issue that Germany raised, they were right in terms of the legitimizing principle of the settlement. Why should they be the only disarmed country in Europe? Why should they not be able to have troops on their own territory in the Veranda. I'm not saying, I'm just saying how it appeared to the sensible people of that time.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2089.0,2122.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe French were in the position that since they were the only cynics left, they were now the policemen of Europe, having just lost two million people. How could they be the policemen of Europe? Only by protecting all the little countries in Eastern Europe, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and so forth.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2122.0,2147.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhere before 1914, Germany had major powers on each frontier. Russia, Austro-Hungarian Empire, France. Now, they had six little countries, three little countries which then led to three more little countries. None of them capable of defending themselves. This is why I say structuly, all of those states are bound to come under German domination the minute the French were no longer willing to enforce the Treaty of Versailles.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2147.0,2182.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut how could the French enforce the Treaty of Versailles? Only by being prepared to invade Germany at the slightest provocation. They could not wait to find out whether Germany was warlike. They had to act, to go back to an earlier lecture, on the principle of precaution. The minute Germany began to look as if it might have the capability, they had to invade.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2182.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause once it had the capability it was too late. Now, that put a tremendous strain on a country that had been bled white by the war. And they did at once, they invaded to rule once in 1922 and occupied it and Britain, the United States turned against him.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2207.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then, occurred the enormous and ambivalence that sealed the inevitability of World War ll. For example, the Germans in 1925, France and Germany signed a treaty. In which Germany accepted its rested frontier, which was in itself an astounding development. That having signed the Treaty of Versailles, establishing two frontiers, they signed another treaty accepting the frontier in 1925.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2234.0,2274.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut, the Germans refused to sign such a treaty for Eastern. And the French went along with this. So now, there were two frontiers in Europe, those that accepted a second time by the Germans and those that were not accepted a second time by the Germans. Then, at just about the same time, the French built the Maginot Line.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2274.0,2309.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, there's a lot of talk about the Maginot Line, about the defensive mentality, but the significant thing was that the Maginot Line, depended on France. Assumed that Germany would attack France, even though the Germans had no army that was permitted by the treaty. And even though Eastern Europe could be defended only by a French offensive war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2309.0,2339.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf the Germans knew that in case of war the French would sit behind the Maginot Line, Eastern Europe was going to become Germany. Because there was no country in Eastern Europe that could possibly resist the Germans unless the French attack Germany. So, the building of the marginal line even before then, Made it inevitable, that Eastern Europe, sooner or later, would fall under German domination.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2339.0,2369.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I repeat, in my judgement, if a normal, conservative German government had been in power, and Graff had moved slowly and gobbled up a country every four years, rather than every four months. Probably or not even gobbled them up, but just gradually drew them into its orbit. Germany would've become the hegemonial power in Central Europe as a result of the very treaty was supposed to keep them down.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2369.0,2399.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, it's in this context that World War II. Develop. Hitler, it must be understood, Hitler had an unwearing for all the weaknesses of the Versailles, and for the inherent masochism of democracies, which we see in our period. I think it is safe to say that whenever anything goes wrong, anywhere in the world today, somebody looks for some document, or event, that proves that it's our fault, And the same was true in the 30s.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2399.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHitler had infinite capacity to put Germany into the position of the great party. He reinstituted conscription. And throw off the restrictions of world war of the Treaty of Versailles. He was only following what the British had already proposed that the disarmament conference of 1932. To permit the German's to build to some level of equality.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2454.0,2485.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd there was no rational reason to keep the German 15 years after the war in a status of total subservience. So that was not a cause of spelling. Two years later, or three years later, he marched into the Rhineland. In fact, his orders were, they went in with only three battalions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2485.0,2513.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHis orders were to withdraw as soon as the French appeared or might showed any sign of appearing. But the French didn't appear because after all, he was only reoccupying his own territory. And he was making the most eloquent statements about his desire for peace. And while in retrospect, it's very easy to say that everybody, that everybody should have known.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2513.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe was bellicose, I believe that he had a problem I mentioned earlier. When your scope for action is great, your knowledge is at a minimum. When your knowledge is great, your scope for action has disappeared. If the French had moved in 1936, there'd be professors now who would write articles on the proposition that Hitler was a misunderstood nationalist.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2550.0,2586.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor example, one British labor leader, I have here quotes only from labor leaders because they cannot be accused of ideological sympathy for Hitler. Hitler walked into the Rhineland and offered, made some peaceful offer, I forgot exactly what it was. And the state, and Greenwood was one of the leaders of the labor partisan and Hitler's statement ought to be accepted at its face value.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2586.0,2619.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHitler made a statement with one hand and he held out an olive branch with the other, which ought to be taken at its face value. This may prove to be the most important gestures which have yet been made. It is idle to pretend that these statements were insincere.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2619.0,2636.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe dominant problem of the world is the problem of peace, not the problem of defense. The issue now is whether we should resort to increased armaments. Or whether we have a statesmen-like quality of dealing with the most grievous problem before mankind. In other words, armaments cause war. Peace is something that depends on goodwill.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2636.0,2665.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOnce the Germans were in the Rhineland, it became physically impossible for the French to carry out their strategy. Or it would become physically impossible as soon as the Germans at 45. Or another labor leader said, I do not think Hitler will accuse me of betraying his confidence. When I say, that almost the first words of our conversation were on that particular point.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2665.0,2693.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I have never heard it said to me more emphatically or more movingly than by Hitler. That another war would neither mean the victors or the vanquish, but the ruin of everybody. Of course Hitler wants something for his country, but don't other statesmen want something for their country?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2693.0,2711.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe fundamental thing is that he is as convinced as any other man in the world that another war would mean the collapse and ruin for everybody. Unfortunately, he was not even remotely convinced of that. And once the Rhineland was re-occupied, there was nothing left of the structure of Versailles because there were no self regulating mechanisms left.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2711.0,2737.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then, the next thing is Hitler occupied, Austria, With no opposition whatsoever. Then he demanded the German territories of Czechoslovakia. Where again he was right, in terms of those principles. What were these Germans doing living in Czechoslovakia? And Chamberlain said, why should we fight for a distant country about which we know nothing?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2737.0,2779.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis, from the Prime Minister of a country that had fought three wars in Afghanistan to keep the Russians from occupying Afghanistan, but this led to Munich. And again, in retrospect, Munich has become an apartheid. But the fact is, it was wildly popular at the time. And if you read the debates in the House of Commons, it is obvious that Chamberlain reflected the preferences of the overwhelming majority of the British population.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2779.0,2831.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that Churchill was sort of a warmongering, slightly maniacal throwback to a previous age, in public opinion. Nowhere was this confined to, To Britain, The prime ministers of the Commonwealth send the following messages after Munich. The Canadian, the heart of Canada is rejoicing tonight at the success which has crowned your unremitting efforts for peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2831.0,2871.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMay I convey to you the warm congratulations of the Canadian people and with them, an expression of their gratitude which is felt from one end of the dominion to the other. My colleagues in the government Join me in unfounded admiration of the service you granted mankind for the Australian Prime Minister.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2871.0,2889.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMy colleagues and I desired to express our warmest congratulations at the outcome of the negations at Munich. Australians in common with all other people's of the British Empire owe a debt of gratitude to you, for your unceasing efforts to preserve the peace. I think one of the interesting phenomenon here is that in a government by public opinion poll, Chamberlain did exactly what the people wanted.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2889.0,2924.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd yet 18 months later he was ruined, because the public will not forgive their leaders for catastrophes. Even if those catastrophes were produced by the public References about which they expect that their leaders know more. Six months after taking the German part of Czechoslovakia, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia, and that was too much.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2924.0,2959.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then the British and French decided to stop him, but even the attempt to stop him was characterized. Incidentally, neither the United States, not the League of Nations did one thing in case of all of these aggressions. I don't even think they met at the League of Nations to condemn the occupation of Austria, I forget, they certainly didn't do anything They came up against the dilemma, that Russia had been excluded from the settlement.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2959.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey were trying to defend Poland, but it was clear that Poland couldn't resist the Germans. But was equally clear that the popes were as afraid of their action, and with good reason as they were of the Germans. And so they engaged in a long negotiation with the Soviets in which failed, and which Stalin who had no such principles ended by making a treaty with Hitler.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3003.0,3033.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'll get into that next time. But even then, the whole legacy of Versailles and of the thinking of Versailles came to the fore. Because the Germans attacked Poland, and the French sat behind the Maginot Line, and the British blockaded Germany. And they apparently thought that the Germans would sit there and wait to be starved to death, as in World War I, and would do nothing.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3033.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo, the shortsightedness had produced the war, they had no strategy for fighting the war. What Britain and friends were thinking how that war would end is one of the mysteries of modern diplomacy. In fact, in the first window of the war by a heir, Britain and friends went to war there after Over Finland, as a way of, they were thinking of sending troops into Finland.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3068.0,3103.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut, that's for the next time. For now, I want to make the main point it's that when you have a system. That is structurally confused, that has no legitimizing principle or who's terms are contrary to its legitimizing principle. And who's leaders are not willing to act on the implications of what they, themselves, created a catastrophe is inevitable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3103.0,3133.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the point I want to stress is, it is important in understanding international relations, to grasp what is inherent in a situation, and what is subject to the decisions of the statesmen. And even without Hitler, the Versailles settlement couldn't have lasted without Hitler. There probably wouldn't have been a world war because it wouldn't have been necessary.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3133.0,3160.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd if Hitler had waited two or three years before he made a next move, I think, People would have gotten used to this and there would have been some negotiated change. At the end of which, Germany would have been stronger than it was at the beginning of World War I.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3160.0,3181.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo without Hitler, what would have happened is that Germany would have won World War I retroactively. With Hitler, it produced another war, because you couldn't run Europe with France. And the United States was out of it, Russia was out of it. So next time, I'll talk about World War 2 and its aftermath, and then we'll be in the current period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3181.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I'll take a series of individual cases, says all. Now I'll take a few questions. Next week we meet on Wednesday, do we have to meet at 11 am our regular time Yes.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\nWould you equate that to the same type of situation we have today, in terms of the nuclear weapons?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3210.0,3252.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[INAUDIBLE] first strike, second strike, in terms of hitting their weapons before they use them against us? Are we in the same type of situation?\n\u003e\u003e No, I don't think so. We would be in the same situation. There is a school of thought that argues that we don't have to worry no matter what the disparity of forces is because we can always launch [INAUDIBLE].\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3252.0,3280.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8529/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf we went to a launch and warning system on either side We would be in a situation very similar to the one in World War I where the actions. If we saw several hundred Soviet missiles come in our direction, we would have to fire ours. Because afterwards, we'd be in no position to do anything.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3280.0,3317.00244"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0993_0001_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The last time we, Went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=5.569,11.608"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the outbreak of World War I and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=11.608,18.872"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structure causes of World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=18.872,25.913"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me sum up what some\nof the attributes were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=25.913,32.206"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, the sister,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=32.206,37.689"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=37.689,40.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A century of relative peace in\nEurope at least without a major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=43.832,49.413"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"European war because all of\nthe major powers in Europe in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=49.413,54.557"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1815 had substantially achieved\nthe principle objectives or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=54.557,60.687"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather there was no country in\nthe settlement of 1815 that felt so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=60.687,67.036"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abused that it sought it worth its while\nto overthrow the international system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=67.036,74.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, which is a Larry of the first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=74.97,79.248"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The European states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=79.248,85.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no European state, no major country\nwas excluded from the settlement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=85.0,89.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, in other words,\nthe country that had been defeated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=89.97,94.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became part of the settlement,\nso every country had an interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=94.6,100.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in maintaining the main\noutlines of the 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=398.084,402.861"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A month later they were in a war\nthat they didn't know how to end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=402.861,406.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from which European\nsociety never 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used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=421.22,426.107"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to two propositions, three propositions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=426.107,430.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, that wars would be short.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=430.07,434.693"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, we're not all that risky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=438.33,440.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, that they were living in\na century of uninterrupted progress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=440.96,444.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would go on forever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=444.35,446.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And third, that they had crisis\nat regular intervals for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=448.3,453.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years and\nnone of them had ever blown out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=453.88,457.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that there was no inherent reason for\nthat particular crisis that blew out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=457.72,462.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The crisis itself was relatively absurd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=464.19,468.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the assassination\nof the Austrian Archduke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=468.0,471.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I said last time,\nIf the Austrian Archduke for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=471.35,477.474"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example, to look at accidents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=477.474,479.687"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Austrian Archduke was married to a\nnon-aristocrat and nonmember of the royal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=479.687,485.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, therefore, the various kings of\nEurope did not come to the funeral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=485.88,489.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they had all come to the funeral, World\nWar I would not have occurred in 1914.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=492.0,496.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was bound to occur sometime,\nbut it would not have occurred in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=496.48,500.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1914 because they would have\nsettled the issue right then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=500.8,504.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead, everybody went on vacation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=505.54,509.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The German emperor went on vacation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=509.3,510.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French President went on a ship for\na state visit to Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=510.9,515.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The British didn't think\nit involved them at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=518.22,523.191"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Austrians decided, in this hiatus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=523.191,527.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were going to\nhumiliate Serbia because they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=527.466,532.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were afraid that Serbia would\norganize the Balkans against them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=532.53,538.844"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which was correct, that's exactly\nwhat the Serbians intended to do but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=538.844,544.046"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody wanted to go to a general war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=544.046,546.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans had rashly told the Austrians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=546.7,549.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they could do with\nthe Serbians what they wanted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=549.94,552.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never dreaming that it involved,\nwould ever involve, them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=553.45,557.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I don't wanna","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=560.691,566.068"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go through the whole diplomacy of\nthe months before the war broke out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=566.068,571.209"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although it would be an interesting study\nsometime for somebody to undertake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=571.209,577.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fundamental, the only point I want\nto that is worth recalling here is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=581.096,589.385"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that once the Austrians threatened Serbia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=589.385,594.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once the Russians\ndecided to assist Serbia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=594.4,598.561"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which up to that point it was\nexactly like 100, not 100,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=598.561,603.939"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 crises that had occurred\nin the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=603.939,608.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was nothing novel about this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=608.53,611.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this had happened during the Crimean War\nmore or less with different players.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=611.24,615.029"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had happened in 1878 when the,\nand it had always been settled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=616.34,623.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what was new was the technology\nof mobilization schedules","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=623.04,628.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the German war planning\nwhich required that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=629.79,634.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany defeat one of its enemies\nbefore the other one was mobilized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=634.05,638.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And which therefore meant that once\nmobilization started, it could not stop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=639.58,643.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that meant that the crucial\ndecision was not the diplomacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=646.64,651.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but when you start mobilization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=652.17,654.569"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And no leader had studied that profit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=656.02,658.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in no previous crisis had\nanybody ever started mobilizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=660.73,664.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the mobilization started,\nit turned out the war was inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=667.75,672.289"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody felt any excessive\nanxiety about it because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=675.957,681.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they all thought it will\nbe over in six months And,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=681.83,688.305"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One can argue forever who is\nresponsible for World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=692.37,696.484"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immediately I think Austria,\nRussia, France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=696.484,701.824"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will put them in\nthe order of the immediate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=701.824,706.398"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first world I would put\nthem in order Austria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=706.398,711.356"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia, France, Germany, Britain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=711.356,715.692"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Britain was the least\ninterested in having a war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=715.692,718.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the structural order,\nyou'd have to put the Germans first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=720.31,723.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because however a crisis started in\nEurope, once the Russians mobilized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=725.11,732.609"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the German war plan required them\nto attack France, which was crazy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=733.94,738.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody, so\nfar as I can tell, had studied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=742.212,747.389"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem of the political\nmadness of developing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=747.389,753.249"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war planning in which a crisis\nstarting in the East,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=753.249,759.245"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must be answered with a war in the West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=759.245,763.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one doesn't have to go on\nforever about the particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=765.87,770.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circumstances except to call\nattention to the fact that statesmen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=770.44,775.459"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to be very careful not to build\ninto their planning an automatically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=775.459,781.103"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which gets out of their own control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=781.103,783.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And not to create circumstances in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=783.9,789.072"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they then, for technical reasons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=789.072,795.492"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are driven into decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=795.492,799.416"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the consequences of which are out of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=799.416,804.766"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proportion to any original cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=804.766,810.136"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this sense, World War I was\nan absolutely unnecessary war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=810.136,815.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet,\nif what I have said to you is correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=816.51,819.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was also absolutely inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=819.41,821.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because you can go over and over and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=821.1,823.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over again, the causes of it and\nyou can prove how trivial they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=823.27,827.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, no one can say that some\ntime over the next ten years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=827.91,833.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there wouldn't have been some other\nreason in which Russia mobilized, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=833.12,838.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore Germany attacked France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=838.77,840.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in hearing the improbable that\nyou could run an international system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=841.64,846.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which nobody has ever committed to\nmobilize, lest it would start a world war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=846.76,852.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the war was both unnecessary and\ninevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=854.35,859.514"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next thing that soon became apparent\nwas that the German war planning that had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=859.514,864.342"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been going on for 25 years and had been\nrehearsed year, after year, after year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=864.342,869.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they had to implement it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=869.32,872.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they found they had\nexercised everything except","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=872.4,877.257"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the psychological strain\non the decision maker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=877.257,882.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The German war plan operated on the\nassumption to let the Russians mobilize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=883.54,888.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let them invade\nEast Germany if necessary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=891.2,894.666"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact the deeper they\ngot into East Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=894.666,896.868"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the better it would be because\nthe more exposed they would be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=896.868,899.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans would throw practically\ntheir whole army against the French,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=899.81,904.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Capture Paris and\ntrap it against the marginal land, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=907.329,911.601"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the marginal captured\nagainst the Germany frontier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=911.601,915.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, the Germans, this is then what\nforced the Germans to go to Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=918.1,923.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans going to Belgium guarantee\nthat Britain would go into the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=925.24,929.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially since the Germans\nhad built a large navy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=929.43,931.729"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Germans wanted to invade Belgium,\nthey shouldn't have built the Navy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=933.36,938.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the only chance they\nhad to keep Britain neutral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=938.2,941.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to build a large navy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=941.56,943.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go into Belgium, made it mathematically\ncertain that Britain would go in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=943.38,948.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As it always had for\n200 years when anybody took Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=948.42,951.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, The Germans started\nwheeling through Belgium,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=954.56,961.698"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russians invaded Eastern Germany and\nthe German leaders lost their nerve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=961.698,967.326"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And pull troops out of Belgium\nto go to East Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=967.326,974.354"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those troops were then missing when\nthe battle of demand was fought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=974.354,979.004"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which reduced the stalemate\non the Western front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=979.004,982.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were in fact in transit while\na battle was fought against the Russians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=982.48,986.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the Russian were defeated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=986.14,987.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, they fought neither in the West nor\nin the East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=988.44,990.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the ultimate irony was\nthat after all the planning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=992.21,996.784"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had done, they defeated the Russians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=996.784,1000.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against whom they didn't want to fight\na decisive battle, decisively and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1000.38,1005.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did not defeat the French, against whom\nthey did want to fight a decisive battle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1005.14,1010.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there's no point going through\nthe history of World War I except for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1010.66,1014.292"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one 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control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1023.259,1025.427"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should have settled at that moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1025.427,1028.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was absolutely no reason after\nOctober, 1914 to continue the 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significance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1048.51,1051.201"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But having committed themselves to war,\nthey kept going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1054.028,1059.667"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not having understood\nthe nature of modern weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1061.51,1064.418"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody having looked at\nthe American Civil War, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1064.418,1067.849"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took tremendous 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suffered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1075.313,1079.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, suddenly it appeared\nthat the domestic structure of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1080.37,1085.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each of these states became\nincompatible with the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1085.41,1089.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The German Emperor used to travel\naround visiting his cousins in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1089.63,1093.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all other European states before the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1093.15,1095.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It never occurred to anybody\nthat he was a warmonger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1095.99,1098.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was extravagant at\na lot of other things, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1099.27,1102.939"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"warmonger had never occurred to anybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1102.939,1106.256"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly it appeared\nthat he was incompatible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1106.256,1111.028"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the peace of Europe and\nthat he had to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1111.028,1115.569"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans formended, or\ncontributed to a revolution in Russia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1115.569,1120.398"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though in terms of domestic\nstructure, the Czar of Russia was much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1120.398,1125.482"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more compatible with domestic\ntranquility in Germany than Lenin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1125.482,1130.331"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1132.724,1133.737"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that gradually the war ends 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1917.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1157.327,1163.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while that would not have\nbeen a glorious end to the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1163.04,1166.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would have probably prevented\nthe Russian 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1179.22,1180.478"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that surely turned it into a crusade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1183.815,1186.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It then became a peculiarly\nAmerican exercise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1188.13,1193.208"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A war for self-determination of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1193.208,1197.125"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A war to end all wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1197.125,1200.252"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A war that would end in a system\nof collective security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1200.252,1205.986"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1209.412,1210.207"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] That would operate\non the basis of abstract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1213.952,1218.874"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moral principles and not balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1218.874,1223.326"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were so\nstrong that we added a decisive weight to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1225.822,1230.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the balance that led to the total\ndefeat of the central powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1230.04,1235.026"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to say, Germany and\nthe Austro-Hungarian 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last","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1256.258,1260.968"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, the Congress of Vienna, none of the\nstatesmen claimed absolute moral validity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1260.968,1266.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were trying to create\na balance of power in 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1279.068,1283.083"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they did not delude themselves\nthat there'd never be another war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1283.083,1287.501"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They understood that the most\ndifficult problem in a 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1302.983,1308.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that what you have to\nworry about is your ally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1308.49,1313.865"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if you create a vacuum,\nsomebody's gonna fill it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1313.865,1319.072"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is why a lot of the maneuvering\nat the Congress of Vienna concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1320.875,1326.208"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly the question that was faced\nagain in 1945, and missed in 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1326.208,1332.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which was, how to keep the Russians\nout of Central Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1332.067,1334.463"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of the maneuvering at the Congress\nof Vienna was designed to keep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1336.39,1341.388"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russians as far east as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1341.388,1344.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean,\nthat was the principal strategic question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1344.067,1346.384"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the Treaty of Versailles nobody\nadmitted that there was a strategic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1348.662,1353.457"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question, or that's not true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1353.457,1355.739"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The British and French understood\nthere was a strategic question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1355.739,1361.377"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we did not permit the issue\nto be posed in those terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1361.377,1367.397"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because to us in the American perception,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1367.397,1371.914"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peace is the normal condition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1371.914,1375.313"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And peace is the universal\ndesire of mankind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1377.497,1384.341"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, war is not produced\nnecessarily by an imbalance of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1384.341,1390.079"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but by the wicked decisions of evil men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1390.079,1393.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, the wicked must be punished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1396.664,1400.551"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the good will prevail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1402.477,1404.976"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And history will stop at that point and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1407.2,1410.224"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mankind will live with\na consciousness of harmony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1410.224,1414.391"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany having been made\nthe villain of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1417.278,1420.774"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had to be kept from starting it again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1423.085,1427.264"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the democracies had\nto organize the work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1430.585,1435.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the peace was to be maintained,\nnot by a balance of power, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1435.53,1439.748"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a system of collective security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1439.748,1443.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collective security means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1443.04,1444.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1445.973,1446.648"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aggression, it's based on these premises.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1449.605,1452.062"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The cause of the war is always clear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1456.172,1458.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aggression is always unambiguous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1460.63,1463.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every nation in the world\nhas a common interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1465.1,1470.458"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in preventing recourse to force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1470.458,1474.258"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, if any country anywhere\nuses force to achieve its objective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1474.258,1481.742"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all other nations will unite against\nit to prevent it's exercise of force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1481.742,1489.363"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore a world organization\nwill bring about a system of peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1489.363,1496.175"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you don't have to worry what\nthe balance of power is within 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aggressor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1505.811,1508.654"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuz there will only be one aggressor and\n100, or 50,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1508.654,1512.195"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever number of sides\nthat are opposed to aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1512.195,1515.896"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what was the practical\nconsequence of this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1515.896,1518.871"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French who had France that had left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1521.924,1527.964"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For 300 years,\nwith the European balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1530.223,1534.451"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did not believe one word\nof what was saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1534.451,1539.412"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France had just lost 2 million\nmen out of a population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1541.616,1546.721"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 40 Million,\nwhich is 5% of the total population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1546.721,1552.173"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10% of the male population and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1552.173,1555.807"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably 30% of the young generation of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1555.807,1560.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the generation between say, 18 and 40.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1560.48,1565.431"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a horrendous [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1565.431,1567.536"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They knew that they were\nnearly defeated in 1914,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1567.536,1573.667"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the Germans had been more\nconsequent in caring their action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1573.667,1581.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They knew they were nearly bled\nto death at the battle of Verdun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1581.48,1584.179"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that they nearly lost it again in\n1918, if the United States hadn't come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1586.345,1591.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this was with Britain and\nus on their side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1591.08,1593.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they knew that alone\nthey didn't have a prayer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1594.28,1597.732"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet they had to deal with an ally that\nwouldn't let them act on that 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was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1613.526,1618.578"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Austrian-Hungarian Empire\ndisintegrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1618.578,1622.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that,\ninstead of one state bordering Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1623.99,1628.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were now, I have never counted them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1629.72,1631.469"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six or seven little states,\nas successors to the Austrian-Hungarian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1631.469,1636.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you know how many?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1636.8,1637.435"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Poland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1637.435,1641.195"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1641.195,1644.536"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Four, I guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1644.536,1646.228"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Four [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1646.228,1651.288"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e And then the other successor\nstates were, Hungary and Yugoslavia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1651.288,1654.974"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1654.974,1657.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's six successor states, growing\nout of the Austria-Hungarian Empire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1657.6,1661.648"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1664.063,1664.804"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1666.862,1670.795"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no one there at\nthe Treaty of Versailles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1673.937,1678.884"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who could organize a European system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1678.884,1682.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way it had been done\na century earlier at Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1685.5,1689.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, everybody took care\nof his own concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1689.43,1695.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American concern was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1695.64,1697.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to set up the League of Nations and\na system of collective security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1697.36,1701.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The British concern was\nthe traditional one of Britain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1702.86,1707.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not to permit one nation to become\nthe most powerful nation in Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1709.46,1712.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which meant that the British\nobjectively became anti-French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1714.48,1718.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or at least very suspicious of the French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1718.33,1720.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French concern was that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1721.57,1725.017"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since we insisted on a coalition\nof democracy, since Russia had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1728.136,1733.172"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become communist, they have to reduce\nGerman power as much as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1733.172,1738.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, they imposed a treaty on Germany,\nthe Treaty of Versailles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1740.65,1746.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, all of this led to a treaty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1749.04,1752.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Treaty of Versailles\nwhich had these attributes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1752.265,1757.401"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Literally, it made Germany\nvery weak because it took","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1763.094,1767.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"territories away from middle to east.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1767.4,1770.563"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It meant that Rhineland was demilitarized\nwhich meant that the French","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1772.361,1777.703"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could match in anytime they wanted,\nthe German army was limited to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1777.703,1782.772"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"100,000 men it was not permitted to have\ntanks, airplanes or heavy artillery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1782.772,1789.491"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alsace-Lorrain was returned to France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1789.491,1792.705"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every indemnity was imposed on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1795.62,1803.548"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it had to admit in the treaty,\nit's working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1805.603,1808.687"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, under the terms of the treaty,\nGermany was extremely weak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1814.122,1818.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But structurally,\nthe European system after 1918","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1820.89,1826.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was more favorable to Germany than\nthe European system before 1914.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1826.71,1834.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the historic joke of\nthe Treaty of Versailles is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1834.44,1838.083"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That it guaranteed the German\ndomination of Europe, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1839.59,1844.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it took a madman like\nHitler to prevent it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1844.15,1847.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Germans had been\nwilling to wait for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1848.7,1851.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30 years,\nrather than do it all in one move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1851.11,1855.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The structure of the Treaty of\nVersailles made it almost inevitable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1856.76,1860.801"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they would become the dominant\ncountry in Europe, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1860.801,1864.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the countries of Vienna\nhad all the major [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1866.673,1871.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Treaty of Versailles had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1871.17,1873.746"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did not involve the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1876.672,1878.595"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was excluded because\nit was a communist country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1878.595,1881.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It obviously did not involve Germany\nwhich signed it reluctantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1883.32,1890.228"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was only biding its time\nuntil it could overthrow it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1890.228,1896.057"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It did not really involve\nBritain which due to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1901.592,1904.947"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the demilitarization of Germany became so\nworried about France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1904.947,1909.892"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it did not feel it had\nto preserve that agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1909.892,1914.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally didn't even include us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1914.79,1916.549"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because we wouldn't ratify\nthe league of nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1916.549,1921.296"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we shouldn't kid ourselves even if\nwe had ratified the league of nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1921.296,1924.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It still would not have worked because\nthe doctrine of collective security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1926.13,1929.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is inherently flawed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1929.93,1932.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not true that aggression is\nunambiguous as one found out in the '30s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1932.2,1937.155"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as we are seeing again these days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1937.155,1939.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not true that every\nnation has an equal interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1940.9,1943.459"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In preventing aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1944.61,1946.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only those nations who are directly\nthreatened have an interest in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1948.38,1951.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preventing aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1951.35,1952.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the record\nof the United Nations as of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1955.53,1960.505"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the League of Nations in\npractical operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1960.505,1965.367"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The system of collective security\nworks to protect the aggressive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1965.367,1970.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because what happens is that\nthe aggressor sees his territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1972.41,1977.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the world organization\ndemands a ceasefire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1978.33,1980.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only at the point that\naggression is already completed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1981.87,1984.779"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you cannot get nations\nthat are not directly involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1986.48,1990.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"according to engage themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1991.74,1993.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"According to the system\nof elective security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1993.88,1995.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is absolutely no question\nthat at this moment United Nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=1998.27,2003.341"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to demand to withdraw all\nthe Iraqi troops from Iran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2003.341,2007.502"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't make any difference\nthat they have hostages or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2007.502,2011.554"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a clear case of territorial\naggression across a recognized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2011.554,2015.738"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international boundary on any\ntheory of where the boundary is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2015.738,2019.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet you have not heard\none nation make that demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2021.67,2025.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In an international forum, including ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2025.99,2027.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if you make that demand, you then\nhave to be willing to run a risk for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2029.29,2034.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we are not willing to run a risk for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2034.9,2037.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that strip of Iranian territory any more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2041.91,2045.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, the world community was willing\nto run a risk for Ethiopia in '36.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2045.18,2050.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or for any of the issues that then arose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2050.15,2052.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the next problem with\nthe Treaty of Versailles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2055.8,2060.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that there was an enormous gap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2060.73,2062.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That bring the principle between\nthe legitimizing principle and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2063.33,2066.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reality of the treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2066.99,2068.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under our theory, all nations were equal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2069.31,2071.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under our theory,\nevery nation had an interest in protecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2073.51,2080.239"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the in participating in the international\nsystem and maintaining its structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2080.239,2085.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, in reality,\nthe Soviet Union had no such interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2085.31,2088.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany had no such interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2089.44,2090.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And every issue that Germany raised,\nthey were right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2091.98,2097.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the legitimizing\nprinciple of the settlement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2097.07,2102.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why should they be the only\ndisarmed country in Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2102.7,2105.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why should they not be able to have troops\non their own territory in the Veranda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2106.55,2112.194"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2112.194,2113.574"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just saying how it appeared to\nthe sensible people of that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2113.574,2118.918"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French were in the position that\nsince they were the only cynics left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2122.715,2128.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were now the policemen of Europe,\nhaving just lost two million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2128.078,2133.721"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How could they be the policemen of Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2135.12,2136.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only by protecting all the little\ncountries in Eastern Europe, Austria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2138.1,2142.779"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia, Poland, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2142.779,2145.462"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where before 1914,\nGermany had major powers on each frontier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2147.876,2152.696"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia, Austro-Hungarian Empire, France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2152.696,2158.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, they had six little countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2158.03,2160.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three little countries which then\nled to three more little countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2160.23,2165.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of them capable of\ndefending themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2165.13,2167.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is why I say structuly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2167.97,2169.824"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of those states are bound to come\nunder German domination the minute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2169.824,2174.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French were no longer willing to\nenforce the Treaty of Versailles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2174.46,2179.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But how could the French enforce\nthe Treaty of Versailles?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2182.965,2185.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only by being prepared to invade\nGermany at the slightest provocation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2185.54,2189.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They could not wait to find out\nwhether Germany was warlike.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2190.47,2194.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had to act, to go back to an earlier\nlecture, on the principle of precaution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2195.7,2200.419"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The minute Germany began to look as\nif it might have the capability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2201.67,2206.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had to invade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2206.13,2207.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because once it had\nthe capability it was too late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2207.78,2210.021"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that put a tremendous\nstrain on a country that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2213.295,2215.993"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been bled white by the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2215.993,2218.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they did at once, they invaded\nto rule once in 1922 and occupied it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2218.54,2222.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Britain,\nthe United States turned against him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2225.29,2231.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, occurred the enormous and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2234.07,2237.465"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambivalence that sealed\nthe inevitability of World War ll.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2237.465,2244.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, the Germans in 1925,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2244.04,2250.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France and Germany signed a treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2250.789,2256.949"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In which Germany accepted\nits rested frontier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2257.98,2260.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was in itself\nan astounding development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2262.7,2265.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That having signed the Treaty of\nVersailles, establishing two frontiers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2265.61,2270.504"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they signed another treaty\naccepting the frontier in 1925.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2270.504,2274.657"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, the Germans refused to\nsign such a treaty for Eastern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2274.657,2282.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the French went along with this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2286.21,2288.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now, there were two\nfrontiers in Europe, those that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2289.22,2294.549"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accepted a second time by the Germans and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2294.549,2299.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those that were not accepted\na second time by the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2299.58,2301.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, at just about the same time,\nthe French built the Maginot Line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2303.55,2309.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's a lot of talk\nabout the Maginot Line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2309.75,2314.245"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the defensive mentality,\nbut the significant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2314.245,2318.843"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing was that the Maginot Line,\ndepended on France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2318.843,2323.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Assumed that Germany would attack France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2323.84,2325.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though the Germans had no army\nthat was permitted by the treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2327.09,2330.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even though Eastern Europe could be\ndefended only by a French offensive war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2331.43,2337.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Germans knew that in case\nof war the French would sit behind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2339.43,2344.106"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Maginot Line, Eastern Europe\nwas going to become Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2344.106,2348.793"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because there was no country in\nEastern Europe that could possibly resist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2348.793,2352.699"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Germans unless\nthe French attack Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2352.699,2355.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the building of the marginal line\neven before then, Made it inevitable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2356.84,2363.754"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Eastern Europe, sooner or later,\nwould fall under German domination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2363.754,2369.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I repeat,\nin my judgement, if a normal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2369.05,2372.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative German government had been\nin power, and Graff had moved slowly and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2372.55,2377.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gobbled up a country every four years,\nrather than every four months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2377.74,2382.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably or not even gobbled them up, but\njust gradually drew them into its orbit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2383.81,2388.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany would've become\nthe hegemonial power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2388.86,2391.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Central Europe as a result of the very\ntreaty was supposed to keep them down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2392.25,2396.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it's in this context\nthat World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2399.35,2405.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Develop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2407.42,2407.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler, it must be understood, Hitler","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2410.28,2416.242"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had an unwearing for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2416.242,2421.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the weaknesses of the Versailles, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2421.35,2428.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the inherent masochism of democracies,\nwhich we see in our period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2428.42,2433.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it is safe to say that\nwhenever anything goes wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2435.46,2439.438"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere in the world today, somebody\nlooks for some document, or event,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2439.438,2444.532"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that proves that it's our fault, And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2444.532,2450.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same was true in the 30s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2450.644,2454.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler had infinite capacity to\nput Germany into the position of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2454.0,2458.412"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the great party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2458.412,2459.642"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He reinstituted conscription.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2461.457,2465.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And throw off the restrictions of\nworld war of the Treaty of Versailles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2465.672,2472.217"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was only following what the British\nhad already proposed that the disarmament","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2474.643,2479.112"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conference of 1932.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2479.112,2480.566"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To permit the German's to build\nto some level of equality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2480.566,2483.716"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was no rational\nreason to keep the German 15","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2485.491,2489.966"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years after the war in a status\nof total subservience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2489.966,2494.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was not a cause of spelling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2495.88,2498.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two years later, or three years later,\nhe marched into the Rhineland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2500.93,2504.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, his orders were,\nthey went in with only three battalions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2506.52,2512.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His orders were to withdraw as\nsoon as the French appeared or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2513.935,2517.785"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might showed any sign of appearing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2517.785,2519.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the French didn't\nappear because after all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2521.02,2524.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was only reoccupying his own territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2524.6,2527.416"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was making the most eloquent\nstatements about his desire for peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2527.416,2535.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while in retrospect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2537.97,2541.317"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very easy to say that everybody,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2541.317,2546.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that everybody should have known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2546.339,2550.915"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was bellicose, I believe that he\nhad a problem I mentioned earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2550.915,2558.865"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When your scope for action is great,\nyour knowledge is at a minimum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2562.222,2567.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When your knowledge is great,\nyour scope for action has disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2568.57,2572.389"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the French had moved in 1936,\nthere'd be professors now who would write","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2573.69,2578.615"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"articles on the proposition that Hitler\nwas a misunderstood nationalist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2578.615,2583.334"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, one British labor leader,\nI have here quotes only from labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2586.891,2592.077"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders because they cannot be accused\nof ideological sympathy for Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2592.077,2597.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler walked into the Rhineland and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2598.6,2602.158"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offered, made some peaceful offer,\nI forgot exactly what it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2602.158,2606.186"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the state, and Greenwood was one of\nthe leaders of the labor partisan and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2606.186,2612.676"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler's statement ought to be\naccepted at its face 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value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2623.04,2627.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This may prove to be the most important\ngestures which have yet been made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2627.03,2631.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is idle to pretend that these\nstatements were insincere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2632.65,2635.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dominant problem of the world\nis the problem of peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2636.4,2639.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the problem of defense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2640.5,2643.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The issue now is whether we should\nresort to increased armaments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2644.19,2647.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or whether we have\na statesmen-like quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2648.58,2651.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of dealing with the most\ngrievous problem before mankind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2651.46,2653.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, armaments cause war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2655.02,2657.512"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peace is something that\ndepends on goodwill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2659.873,2663.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the Germans were in the Rhineland,\nit became physically impossible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2665.12,2670.981"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French to carry out their strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2670.981,2674.059"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or it would become physically impossible\nas soon as the Germans at 45.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2674.059,2678.976"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or another labor leader said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2678.976,2681.333"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not think Hitler will accuse\nme of betraying his confidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2681.333,2686.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I say, that almost the first\nwords of our conversation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2686.59,2690.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were on that particular point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2691.81,2693.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have never heard it said\nto me more emphatically or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2693.29,2695.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more movingly than by Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2695.71,2697.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That another war would\nneither mean the victors or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2697.86,2701.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the vanquish, but the ruin of everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2701.4,2704.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course Hitler wants something for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2704.71,2706.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his country, but don't other statesmen\nwant something for their country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2706.27,2710.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fundamental thing is that he is\nas convinced as any other man in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2711.28,2714.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world that another war would mean\nthe collapse and ruin for everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2714.98,2718.009"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, he was not even\nremotely convinced of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2719.62,2722.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once the Rhineland was re-occupied,\nthere was nothing left of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2724.52,2731.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structure of Versailles because there\nwere no self regulating mechanisms left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2731.7,2735.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then,\nthe next thing is Hitler occupied,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2737.47,2741.478"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria, With no opposition whatsoever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2744.003,2749.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he demanded the German\nterritories of Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2751.73,2759.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where again he was right,\nin terms of those principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2759.27,2763.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were these Germans doing\nliving in Czechoslovakia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2763.05,2765.874"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Chamberlain said,\nwhy should we fight for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2767.835,2773.995"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a distant country about\nwhich we know nothing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2773.995,2778.395"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This, from the Prime Minister of a country\nthat had fought three wars in Afghanistan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2779.905,2784.585"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep the Russians from occupying\nAfghanistan, but this led to Munich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2785.985,2794.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, in retrospect,\nMunich has become an apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2797.41,2803.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the fact is,\nit was wildly popular at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2805.06,2808.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you read the debates in the House","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2810.25,2812.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Commons,\nit is obvious that Chamberlain reflected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2814.26,2819.126"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2819.126,2825.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the overwhelming majority\nof the British population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2825.37,2829.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that Churchill was sort of\na warmongering, slightly maniacal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2831.95,2838.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throwback to a previous age,\nin public opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2838.04,2843.614"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nowhere was this confined to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2843.614,2847.782"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To Britain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2851.958,2853.903"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The prime ministers of the Commonwealth\nsend the following messages after Munich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2857.091,2860.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Canadian, the heart of\nCanada is rejoicing tonight at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2862.34,2866.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the success which has crowned your\nunremitting efforts for peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2866.77,2869.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May I convey to you the warm\ncongratulations of the Canadian people and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2871.08,2875.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with them, an expression of\ntheir gratitude which is felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2875.78,2879.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one end of the dominion to the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2879.07,2880.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My colleagues in the government\nJoin me in unfounded admiration of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2880.59,2884.808"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the service you granted mankind for\nthe Australian Prime Minister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2884.808,2889.845"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My colleagues and I desired to express our\nwarmest congratulations at the outcome of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2889.845,2894.041"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the negations at Munich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2894.041,2895.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Australians in common with all other\npeople's of the British Empire owe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2896.38,2900.148"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a debt of gratitude to you, for your\nunceasing efforts to preserve the peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2900.148,2904.238"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the interesting\nphenomenon here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2911.465,2915.716"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that in a government\nby public opinion poll,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2915.716,2920.076"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chamberlain did exactly\nwhat the people wanted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2920.076,2924.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet 18 months later he was ruined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2924.66,2927.594"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the public will not forgive\ntheir leaders for catastrophes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2927.594,2932.698"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if those catastrophes\nwere produced by the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2932.698,2938.062"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"References about which they expect\nthat their leaders know more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2938.062,2944.601"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six months after taking the German\npart of Czechoslovakia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2947.573,2951.526"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia,\nand that was too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2951.526,2955.724"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the British and\nFrench decided to stop him, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2959.806,2964.368"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even the attempt to stop\nhim was characterized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2964.368,2968.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incidentally, neither the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2968.79,2972.046"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the League of Nations did one thing\nin case of all of these aggressions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2972.046,2977.453"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't even think they met at the League\nof Nations to condemn the occupation of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2979.782,2984.167"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria, I forget,\nthey certainly didn't do anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2984.167,2987.317"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came up against the dilemma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2995.645,2998.081"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Russia had been excluded\nfrom the settlement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=2998.081,3001.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were trying to defend Poland, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3003.55,3006.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was clear that Poland\ncouldn't resist the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3006.71,3008.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But was equally clear that the popes\nwere as afraid of their action, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3010.51,3014.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with good reason as they\nwere of the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3014.88,3018.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they engaged in a long negotiation\nwith the Soviets in which failed, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3019.73,3025.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which Stalin who had no such principles\nended by making a treaty with Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3025.49,3031.539"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll get into that next time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3033.06,3036.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But even then,\nthe whole legacy of Versailles and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3037.57,3041.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the thinking of\nVersailles came to the fore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3041.65,3043.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the Germans attacked Poland, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3045.3,3049.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French sat behind the Maginot Line,\nand the British blockaded Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3049.325,3056.601"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they apparently thought that\nthe Germans would sit there and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3056.601,3060.458"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wait to be starved to death,\nas in World War I, and would do nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3060.458,3064.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the shortsightedness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3068.04,3072.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had produced the war,\nthey had no strategy for fighting the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3072.64,3077.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What Britain and friends were thinking\nhow that war would end is one of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3077.54,3082.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mysteries of modern diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3082.5,3087.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, in the first window of\nthe war by a heir, Britain and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3087.35,3091.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends went to war there\nafter Over Finland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3091.93,3095.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way of, they were thinking\nof sending troops into Finland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3096.96,3100.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, that's for the next time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3103.96,3106.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For now, I want to make the main point\nit's that when you have a system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3106.32,3111.119"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is structurally confused,\nthat has no legitimizing principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3112.38,3118.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or who's terms are contrary to\nits legitimizing principle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3118.36,3121.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And who's leaders are not willing to\nact on the implications of what they,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3123.66,3127.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves, created\na catastrophe is inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3127.28,3131.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the point I want to stress is,\nit is important in understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3133.76,3138.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international relations, to grasp what is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3138.6,3143.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inherent in a situation, and what is\nsubject to the decisions of the statesmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3143.33,3147.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even without Hitler,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3149.66,3151.398"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Versailles settlement couldn't\nhave lasted without Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3151.398,3155.903"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There probably wouldn't have been\na world war because it wouldn't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3155.903,3158.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been necessary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3158.359,3158.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if Hitler had waited two or\nthree years before he made a next move,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3160.12,3164.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think,\nPeople would have gotten used to this and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3164.66,3170.673"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there would have been\nsome negotiated change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3170.673,3174.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the end of which,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3175.59,3176.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany would have been stronger than\nit was at the beginning of World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3176.45,3179.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So without Hitler,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3181.22,3183.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what would have happened is that Germany\nwould have won World War I retroactively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3183.13,3187.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With Hitler, it produced another war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3189.28,3193.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you couldn't\nrun Europe with France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3194.86,3199.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the United States was out of it,\nRussia was out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3199.66,3203.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So next time, I'll talk about\nWorld War 2 and its aftermath, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3205.38,3208.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we'll be in the current period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3208.94,3210.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll take a series of\nindividual cases, says all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3210.94,3214.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'll take a few questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3214.29,3215.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next week we meet on Wednesday, do we\nhave to meet at 11 am our regular time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3218.49,3224.383"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3238.66,3239.903"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\nWould you equate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3239.903,3245.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to the same type of situation we have\ntoday, in terms of the nuclear weapons?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3245.66,3252.285"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] first strike, second strike,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3252.285,3254.398"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of hitting their weapons\nbefore they use them against us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3254.398,3257.696"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we in the same type of situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3257.696,3259.417"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e No, I don't think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3262.277,3263.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would be in the same situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3266.01,3268.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a school of thought that argues\nthat we don't have to worry no matter what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3268.92,3274.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the disparity of forces is because\nwe can always launch [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3274.12,3280.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we went to a launch and\nwarning system on either side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3280.42,3283.967"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would be in a situation very similar to\nthe one in World War I where the actions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3286.32,3291.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we saw several hundred Soviet\nmissiles come in our direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3293.38,3297.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would have to fire ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3298.99,3301.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because afterwards,\nwe'd be in no position to do anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596#t=3301.75,3306.033"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73596/transcript/8530/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/530/original/transcript_index_158401500620200312-3371-eb48kj?1584000607","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/530/original/transcript_index_158401500620200312-3371-eb48kj?1584000607"}]}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - open-uri20200312-3371-1xfccsc.mpga"]},"duration":1035.70284,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/597/original/open-uri20200312-3371-1xfccsc.mpga?1584000616","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1035.70284,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0993_0002_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e Are not yet there. But if we wind up in a situation, one of the arguments that is always made and we'll get into that when we discuss strategic theories. One of the arguments that's always made is that it's automatically assumed that there's fewer nuclear weapons Launches you have, the better off you are.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=3.0,23.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI have never been sure of this because when you have very few launches, they therefore become infinitely more vulnerable. And it is infinitely more tempting to try to destroy them and therefore the only way you can protect them Is to convince the other side that if they attack, they're gonna launch.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=23.0,43.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it's a complicated situation. What is dangerous in the modern period, is that, there's absolute no experience. With these weapons. And as long as nobody ever uses them, that's a great restraint. But nobody can really predict the consequences of using them. So that the planning may be quite irrelevant to the consequences of the war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=43.0,76.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in that sense, there's a certain similarity to World War I. Yeah.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\nthat even with [INAUDIBLE]\ndemonstrate [INAUDIBLE]\ngo alone, and in fact, the [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\ndemonstrate the demo [INAUDIBLE].\n[INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Yep, it's always very difficult to predict. Until there's no, it is historically correct that Hitler came into power As a vocal anti-communist.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=76.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd dedicated to the destruction of Bolsheviks. This did not keep the Soviets and Stalin from making overtures to him just as soon as he came into office, which Hitler at that time rejected Therefore, as long as the Soviets thought that they were the immediate target of the Truman assault, they had a certain interest in the doctrine of collective security and in their alliance with France.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=150.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow the first test was 1938 over Czechoslovakia. The Soviets took the position that if the French and British engaged themselves, they would engage themselves. There were no visible preparations. By which they were gonna get there. They would have had get to Czechoslovakia either through Romania or through Poland.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=184.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNeither of which was willing to let them through. There was no way they could get to Czechoslovakia by themselves. Had there been a war at the time of Munich would the Soviet Union have crossed Romania and Poland to reach Czechoslovakia? My guess is no. My guess is they might have declared war and let it get well-established in the west before they made a move.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=207.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat's yours [INAUDIBLE] Maybe they would have gone in, who knows? They would certainly have been creamed because after all they just executed their whole general staff. All the problems that showed up in Finland would have shown up there. The idea of a Soviet Offensive military maneuver in 1938 with large forces is not easy to conceive for me.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=236.0,263.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e I think, well.\n\u003e\u003e What do you think? I mean, you're a student of Soviet affairs?\n\u003e\u003e I think after 36 they decided not to fight.\n\u003e\u003e That's my view.\n\u003e\u003e After the lime light.\n\u003e\u003e After the, that is my view too. And at the Rhine when they didn't need to fight because if the French had fought.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=263.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI find it, looking at Stalin's mode of operation to think that he would risk the Red Army that he had just purged. In a year in which he had just killed millions of his own leadership. In the war, hundreds of miles from the then Soviet border. It's hard for me to imagine since the heat basically, his strategy was to turn what he thought was western strategy against us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=287.0,317.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe thought the West wanted Germany and Russia to fight each other. He wanted the capitalist nations to fight each other, and to defer the war from reaching Russia. Russia for as long as possible. So I believe that in 38 he would have done without a treaty with Germany what in 39 he did with a treaty with Germany.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=317.0,342.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut nobody can ever prove that.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Well, in 39 what he asked of the western nations I mean, the western nations were not willing to face the implications of their policies. That is certainly true. The Russians ask for a slice of Poland and for military control of the Baltic States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=342.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow this was hard to conceive in a world of national interest In the pre-World War I world, this would've been a perfectly reasonable demand. And for a man like Stalin, there was nothing immoral about that demand. What Chamberlin and the French leaders to begin the defense of Europe with permitting the Soviets to extinguish more or less the security of three of the existence of these countries was sort of mind boggling.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=368.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecondly, they wanted transit rights through Poland perfectly reasonable from a Russian point of view But as later events made clear the Poles correctly figured they'd never leave Poland once they got in there. So, it was inherently unmanageable problem. And I'm not even sure they would have gone to war then, but all is\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=406.0,432.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e All said and one. I think that Stalin was determined not to fight Hitler in the late 30s. He was too afraid, he at a minimum would have waited until a major battle had been fought in the west to see which way the war was going. I mean he wasn't gonna rush with the Red Army.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=432.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[INAUDIBLE] Into Poland. Get wiped out by the Germans while the French sat behind the Maginot line. Can you imagine them doing that?\n\u003e\u003e Well remember at the 18th party congress, there's a speech about not pulling anyone's chest [INAUDIBLE] And later when they signed the agreement with. Hitler, all the that you correct, you Germans had correctly read them, each of the single.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=449.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis was in March.\n\u003e\u003e He did everything to avoid a war with Germany in 41. His whole strategy in 41, strategy in 41 was He had very good information that the Germans were gonna attack him and he sent all sorts of signals that he was willing to settle.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=480.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe was waiting for an ultimatum, he expected the Germans to make a demand which he would then have met four fifths of and maybe all. What he didn't count on is that Hitler wanted to destroy Russia. And that Hitler was going back to his early anti-Bolshevists. I think if Hitler had made exorbitant demands on him in 41, Stalin would have met don't you?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=495.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e The [INAUDIBLE] said, \"What have we done to deserve this?\"\n\u003e\u003e That's right.\n\u003e\u003e And the war broke out.\n\u003e\u003e I mean, he sent all sorts of signals. The British warned him that the attack was coming. He prohibited any military preparation. Could be used as a pretext. People said he was a fool, he didn't believe it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=523.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe one thing Stalin was not was a fool. Secondly, he was paranoid. So, he certainly believed it. But what he thought was that there would be time to pick up before the attack. This is where Stalin went wrong. And he figured, if he deals with the British before the attack, then there'll be an attack.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=545.0,567.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut if he shows Hitler. A week before the attack they published an article in the Soviet press saying we are told that their attack is an attack [INAUDIBLE] This is the provocation from capitalist circles. Why did it and we think everything can be settled between Germany and the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=567.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat did it mean? This was to tell the Germans we know damn well you are concentrating your forces. It couldn't be any surprise when you are sampling a million people in Poland and all around the Soviet Union. What he was saying is we know you are going to attack us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=587.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor God's sake, state a demand, we're going to meet it. And that is where Stalin went wrong but He was determined to left the west bleed itself to death and then he might have come in to pick up the pieces.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Treaty. If they'd attempted to re-establish some sort of a balance of power arrangement in Europe, did it really have any potential succeeding, seeing as how the Soviet Union had co-existence while that time, and had doubted [INAUDIBLE]?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=602.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e It was very hard, well. You couldn't run a European system without Russia and Germany. That have never been attempted. So, the only way you could do it, is either through permanent French intervention, which was beyond their domestic capacity or by leaving Germany so satisfied that it's only problems were in the east, that too was possible, at least it was theoretically possible.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=645.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf they had not insisted on the removal of the emperor, or if they had not insisted on heavy indemnities and given the democracy a chance, and if there had been no economic then they would have had to organize Europe on an anti-Soviet basis, that was possible. But what was not possible is to have an anti-German system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=675.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd probably they shouldn't have destroyed the Austrian-Hungarian Empire because after they might have made some adjustments. But after the Treaty of Versailles the case of the Austrian Empire, the Treaty of St. Germaine. As many people who were living under foreign rule as before. And if you counted the Germans living in Czechoslovakia, and the Hungarians living in Romania, and the various nationalities that were left in different parts almost as many people lived under foreign rule before World War I.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=701.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut once you broke up the Austrian Hungarian Empire you had a lot of little states there and then it was very hard to run the system. But you certainly couldn't break up the Austrian Hungarian Empire, have Russia improvement in our position and have an anti-Truman system on top of it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=735.0,756.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat was not conceivable, though obviously they conceived it.\n\u003e\u003e But once events had passed, as far as 1970, he already had the heavy losses and the inflated war\n\u003e\u003e Look, you can make a good case for the proposition that if we had not come in, they would have had to make a comprised deal.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=756.0,778.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd, of course, by that time everybody had gone crazy. By that time the Germans had demanded that they should possess Belgium. And they wanted to annex all of Belgium. And you see by that time, mediocrity, something that would never have occurred to Bismarck. Why would the Germans want to possess Belgium in a economic system based on free trade?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=778.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere was no special advantage at that time in a system based on free trade, on which economic unit was within your border. There were no customers. In the protectionist system you have an advantage in accumulating under your own control of the resources. So, by 1917 the Germans would have leave Belgium.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=810.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf the Germans at the end of as late as 1915 had offered to return to the pre-war boundary. I think there should have been a settlement, so by that time the Germans had become expansionists, and 17 was very difficult. But I do not believe that without American intervention or participation, the Allies could have won.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=837.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe only question is would the Allies have lost without the American intervention. The argument for American intervention rests on the proposition that the Germans would have won the war. And that's hard to argue. They probably could have. One more question.\n\u003e\u003e You talk a lot about arriving at points because things are irreversible.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=865.0,888.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI was wondering what you think about this current war in the Middle East now that certain countries are starting to pick one of the two sides and gonna. Well the trouble is you never know that, what looks irreversible in retrospect may not look irreversible. And again you have to separate these immediate situations from the long term one.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=888.0,919.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo permit the disintegration of Iran and to progress from country without any effort to alter that situation, was a method to tackle for the United States. Now, if somebody wants to argue that we couldn't have prevented it we can have a good debate on that subject. But the fact is we never even thought of defending it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=919.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf you read the official statements. We kept saying all along we don't need a policeman in the Persian Gulf. We want this for that. We treated it entirely as an internal matter. And if you read Sullivan's article about what the policy options were that they considered. They never seemed to consider that you remove Iran and you may get out the strongest nation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=944.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo from the moment of the collapse of Iran the use of that Iraqi military power became sometimes inevitable. Have things now gotten beyond the point where they can be reversed? I do not think yet. But another two or three years like the last five to make it. I think we'll drive things out of control.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=967.0,999.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8531/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut I can't prove that. Next week we meet Wednesday.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=999.0,1035.70284"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0993_0002_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are not yet there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=3.583,7.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if we wind up in a situation, one of\nthe arguments that is always made and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=7.29,11.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll get into that when we\ndiscuss strategic theories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=11.92,15.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the arguments that's always made\nis that it's automatically assumed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=15.88,18.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's fewer nuclear weapons\nLaunches you have, the better off you are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=18.8,23.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have never been sure of this because\nwhen you have very few launches,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=23.73,28.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they therefore become\ninfinitely more vulnerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=28.9,30.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is infinitely more tempting\nto try to destroy them and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=32.33,36.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore the only way you can protect\nthem Is to convince the other side that if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=36.94,41.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they attack, they're gonna launch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=41.84,43.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a complicated situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=43.19,46.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is dangerous in the modern period,\nis that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=46.9,51.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's absolute no experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=51.72,56.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With these weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=56.52,57.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as long as nobody ever uses them,\nthat's a great restraint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=57.54,61.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nobody can really predict\nthe consequences of using them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=62.47,67.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that the planning may be quite\nirrelevant to the consequences of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=67.88,73.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that sense, there's a certain\nsimilarity to World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=76.242,79.871"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=79.871,80.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\nthat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=80.758,84.526"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even with [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=86.966,91.622"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrate [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=91.622,96.943"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go alone, and in fact, the [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=96.943,104.055"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=104.055,111.194"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=111.194,117.236"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the demo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=117.236,121.087"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=121.087,128.255"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Yep,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=128.255,131.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's always very difficult to predict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=133.94,136.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until there's no, it is historically\ncorrect that Hitler came into power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=137.73,144.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a vocal anti-communist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=145.71,150.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And dedicated to\nthe destruction of Bolsheviks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=150.36,152.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This did not keep the Soviets and Stalin\nfrom making overtures to him just as soon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=154.28,158.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as he came into office,\nwhich Hitler at that time rejected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=158.37,163.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, as long as\nthe Soviets thought that they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=164.794,169.797"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the immediate target\nof the Truman assault,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=169.797,174.572"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had a certain interest\nin the doctrine of collective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=174.572,180.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"security and\nin their alliance with France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=180.03,184.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the first test was\n1938 over Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=184.82,190.851"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviets took the position\nthat if the French and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=190.851,193.762"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British engaged themselves,\nthey would engage themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=193.762,197.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were no visible preparations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=199.29,201.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By which they were gonna get there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=201.78,203.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would have had get to Czechoslovakia\neither through Romania or through Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=203.04,206.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neither of which was willing\nto let them through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=207.98,210.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no way they could get\nto Czechoslovakia by themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=210.88,215.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had there been a war at the time of\nMunich would the Soviet Union have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=215.89,220.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crossed Romania and\nPoland to reach Czechoslovakia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=220.07,225.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My guess is no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=225.26,228.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My guess is they might\nhave declared war and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=228.05,231.445"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let it get well-established in\nthe west before they made a move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=231.445,236.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's yours [INAUDIBLE] Maybe they\nwould have gone in, who knows?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=236.646,240.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would certainly have been\ncreamed because after all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=240.59,243.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just executed their\nwhole general staff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=245.32,247.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the problems that showed up in\nFinland would have shown up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=249.56,256.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea of a Soviet Offensive military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=256.85,260.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maneuver in 1938 with large forces\nis not easy to conceive for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=260.86,263.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I think, well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=263.61,271.118"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e What do you think?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=271.118,272.396"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean,\nyou're a student of Soviet affairs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=272.396,274.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I think after 36 they\ndecided not to fight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=274.3,276.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e That's my view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=276.38,278.828"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e After the lime light.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=278.828,280.508"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e After the, that is my view too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=280.508,282.651"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the Rhine when they didn't need to\nfight because if the French had fought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=282.651,287.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I find it,\nlooking at Stalin's mode of operation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=287.19,289.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think that he would risk\nthe Red Army that he had just purged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=291.34,295.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a year in which he had just killed\nmillions of his own leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=296.73,301.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the war, hundreds of miles\nfrom the then Soviet border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=301.91,306.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's hard for\nme to imagine since the heat basically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=308.71,311.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his strategy was to turn what he thought\nwas western strategy against us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=311.68,317.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He thought the West wanted Germany and\nRussia to fight each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=317.59,320.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wanted the capitalist\nnations to fight each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=322.45,328.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to defer the war from reaching Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=328.4,330.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia for as long as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=330.8,333.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I believe that in 38 he would\nhave done without a treaty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=333.48,337.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Germany what in 39 he did\nwith a treaty with Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=337.2,339.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nobody can ever prove that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=342.72,346.337"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=346.337,349.886"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 39 what he asked of\nthe western nations I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=349.886,353.971"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the western nations were not willing to\nface the implications of their policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=353.971,360.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is certainly true.\nThe Russians ask for a slice of Poland and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=360.53,364.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for military control of the Baltic States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=364.21,368.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this was hard to conceive in\na world of national interest In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=368.22,373.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pre-World War I world, this would've\nbeen a perfectly reasonable demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=373.325,378.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for a man like Stalin, there was\nnothing immoral about that demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=379.88,384.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What Chamberlin and\nthe French leaders to begin the defense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=385.66,390.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Europe with permitting\nthe Soviets to extinguish more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=390.9,395.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less the security of three of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=395.94,400.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the existence of these countries\nwas sort of mind boggling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=400.17,406.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, they wanted\ntransit rights through Poland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=406.27,411.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perfectly reasonable from a Russian\npoint of view But as later events made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=411.54,416.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clear the Poles correctly figured they'd\nnever leave Poland once they got in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=416.48,420.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it was inherently\nunmanageable problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=420.28,424.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not even sure they would\nhave gone to war then, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=429.898,432.446"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all is\n\u003e\u003e All said and one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=432.446,433.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that Stalin was determined\nnot to fight Hitler in the late 30s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=433.21,439.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was too afraid, he at a minimum would\nhave waited until a major battle had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=439.03,443.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been fought in the west to see\nwhich way the war was going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=443.94,447.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean he wasn't gonna\nrush with the Red Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=447.74,449.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] Into Poland.\nGet wiped out by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=449.28,450.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Germans while the French\nsat behind the Maginot line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=450.76,452.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you imagine them doing that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=452.46,454.914"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well remember at\nthe 18th party congress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=454.914,458.779"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a speech about not pulling\nanyone's chest [INAUDIBLE] And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=458.779,464.476"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later when they signed the agreement with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=464.476,468.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hitler, all the that you correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=468.265,473.251"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you Germans had correctly read them,\neach of the single.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=473.251,480.814"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was in March.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=480.814,483.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e He did everything to avoid\na war with Germany in 41.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=483.05,484.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His whole strategy in 41,\nstrategy in 41 was He had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=484.73,487.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very good information that\nthe Germans were gonna attack him and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=487.58,491.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he sent all sorts of signals\nthat he was willing to settle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=491.5,495.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was waiting for an ultimatum,\nhe expected the Germans to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=495.18,499.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a demand which he would then have\nmet four fifths of and maybe all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=499.61,504.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he didn't count on is that\nHitler wanted to destroy Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=505.22,511.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that Hitler was going back\nto his early anti-Bolshevists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=511.8,516.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think if Hitler had made\nexorbitant demands on him in 41,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=516.99,520.838"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stalin would have met don't you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=520.838,523.034"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e The [INAUDIBLE] said,\n\"What have we done to deserve this?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=523.034,527.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=527.52,528.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e And the war broke out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=528.73,529.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I mean, he sent all sorts of signals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=529.82,531.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The British warned him that\nthe attack was coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=531.4,537.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He prohibited any military preparation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=537.84,540.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could be used as a pretext.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=540.34,541.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People said he was a fool,\nhe didn't believe it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=543.08,545.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one thing Stalin was not was a fool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=545.36,547.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, he was paranoid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=547.16,549.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, he certainly believed it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=549.13,550.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what he thought was that there would\nbe time to pick up before the attack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=551.95,556.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is where Stalin went wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=557.54,560.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he figured, if he deals with\nthe British before the attack,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=560.22,565.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there'll be an attack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=565.64,567.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if he shows Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=567.32,568.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A week before the attack they published\nan article in the Soviet press saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=570.1,575.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are told that their attack is an attack\n[INAUDIBLE] This is the provocation from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=575.0,579.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capitalist circles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=579.95,581.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why did it and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=581.28,582.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we think everything can be settled\nbetween Germany and the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=582.33,587.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did it mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=587.19,588.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was to tell the Germans we know damn\nwell you are concentrating your forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=588.53,592.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It couldn't be any surprise when you are\nsampling a million people in Poland and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=592.85,597.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all around the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=597.34,598.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he was saying is we know\nyou are going to attack us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=600.35,602.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For God's sake, state a demand,\nwe're going to meet it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=602.51,605.606"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is where Stalin went wrong but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=605.606,613.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was determined to left the west\nbleed itself to death and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=614.46,618.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then he might have come\nin to pick up the pieces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=618.3,622.246"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=625.33,629.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they'd attempted to re-establish\nsome sort of a balance of power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=629.99,633.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrangement in Europe, did it really have\nany potential succeeding, seeing as how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=635.17,640.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union had co-existence while\nthat time, and had doubted [INAUDIBLE]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=640.9,645.962"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e It was very hard, well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=645.962,646.974"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You couldn't run a European system\nwithout Russia and Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=646.974,650.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That have never been attempted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=650.8,653.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the only way you could do it,\nis either through permanent French","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=653.53,658.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intervention, which was beyond their\ndomestic capacity or by leaving Germany so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=658.36,663.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"satisfied that it's only\nproblems were in the east,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=663.41,668.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that too was possible,\nat least it was theoretically possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=668.64,673.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they had not insisted on\nthe removal of the emperor, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=675.03,680.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they had not insisted\non heavy indemnities and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=680.12,683.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the democracy a chance, and\nif there had been no economic then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=683.47,691.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would have had to organize Europe on\nan anti-Soviet basis, that was possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=691.71,696.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what was not possible is\nto have an anti-German system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=696.2,701.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And probably they shouldn't have destroyed\nthe Austrian-Hungarian Empire because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=701.0,704.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after they might have\nmade some adjustments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=704.7,709.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after the Treaty of Versailles\nthe case of the Austrian Empire,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=709.07,714.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Treaty of St. Germaine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=714.45,716.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As many people who were living\nunder foreign rule as before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=716.11,721.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you counted the Germans living\nin Czechoslovakia, and the Hungarians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=721.62,726.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living in Romania, and the various\nnationalities that were left in different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=726.79,730.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parts almost as many people lived\nunder foreign rule before World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=730.74,735.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But once you broke up\nthe Austrian Hungarian Empire you had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=735.38,739.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of little states there and\nthen it was very hard to run the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=740.76,746.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you certainly couldn't break up\nthe Austrian Hungarian Empire, have Russia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=746.0,750.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improvement in our position and\nhave an anti-Truman system on top of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=750.5,754.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was not conceivable,\nthough obviously they conceived it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=756.52,760.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e But once events had passed,\nas far as 1970, he already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=760.87,766.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the heavy losses and the inflated war\n\u003e\u003e Look,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=766.16,770.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can make a good case for the\nproposition that if we had not come in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=770.71,775.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would have had to\nmake a comprised deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=775.55,777.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, of course,\nby that time everybody had gone crazy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=778.84,783.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By that time the Germans had demanded\nthat they should possess Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=783.16,790.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they wanted to annex all of Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=790.41,792.786"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see by that time, mediocrity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=792.786,797.661"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that would never\nhave occurred to Bismarck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=797.661,804.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why would the Germans want\nto possess Belgium in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=804.62,807.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a economic system based on free trade?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=807.52,809.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no special advantage at that\ntime in a system based on free trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=810.85,815.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which economic unit\nwas within your border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=815.93,818.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were no customers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=818.86,823.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the protectionist system you have\nan advantage in accumulating under","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=823.85,827.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your own control of the resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=829.12,830.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, by 1917 the Germans\nwould have leave Belgium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=830.82,834.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Germans at the end of\nas late as 1915 had offered to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=837.319,842.269"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"return to the pre-war boundary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=842.269,845.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there should\nhave been a settlement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=845.19,851.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so by that time the Germans had become\nexpansionists, and 17 was very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=851.27,858.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I do not believe that without\nAmerican intervention or participation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=858.38,863.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Allies could have won.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=863.31,865.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only question is would the Allies have\nlost without the American intervention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=865.02,872.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument for American intervention\nrests on the proposition that the Germans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=872.65,876.084"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have won the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=876.084,877.088"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's hard to argue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=877.088,879.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They probably could have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=879.81,880.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=882.3,884.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e You talk a lot about arriving at\npoints because things are irreversible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=884.01,888.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was wondering what you think about\nthis current war in the Middle East now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=888.7,893.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that certain countries are starting to\npick one of the two sides and gonna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=894.24,899.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well the trouble is you never know that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=903.0,905.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what looks irreversible in retrospect\nmay not look irreversible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=905.68,909.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again you have to separate these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=909.89,914.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediate situations\nfrom the long term one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=914.25,917.629"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To permit the disintegration of Iran and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=919.16,923.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to progress from country without\nany effort to alter that situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=923.01,928.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a method to tackle for\nthe United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=928.94,933.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if somebody wants to argue\nthat we couldn't have prevented it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=933.71,937.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can have a good debate on that subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=937.54,941.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the fact is we never even\nthought of defending it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=941.42,944.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you read the official statements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=944.2,946.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We kept saying all along we don't\nneed a policeman in the Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=946.91,950.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want this for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=951.415,952.685"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We treated it entirely\nas an internal matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=952.685,954.975"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you read Sullivan's\narticle about what the policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=954.975,959.565"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"options were that they considered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=959.565,962.885"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never seemed to consider\nthat you remove Iran and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=962.885,966.295"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may get out the strongest nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=966.295,967.965"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So from the moment of\nthe collapse of Iran the use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=967.965,973.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that Iraqi military power\nbecame sometimes inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=973.08,977.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have things now gotten beyond\nthe point where they can be reversed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=978.66,982.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not think yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=982.82,984.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But another two or\nthree years like the last five to make it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=984.57,989.546"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we'll drive things out of control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=991.95,999.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I can't prove that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=999.69,1001.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next week we meet Wednesday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597#t=1001.68,1004.086"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17996/file/73597/transcript/8532/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/532/original/transcript_index_158401501820200312-3371-1wyofrg?1584000618","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/532/original/transcript_index_158401501820200312-3371-1wyofrg?1584000618"}]}]}]}