{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tq5r78605p/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Episode N307, 1990 March 14"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1818 (EAD ID)","MS 1818  (Call Number)","ms_1818_b0086.mp4 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990 March 14 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The episode includes: ANC conference in Lusaka, Zambia; coverage of Mandela's trip to Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Sweden; report on death squads in South Africa including an interview with Dirk Coetzee, former hit squad commander; art exhibition, Women from South Africa. (Scope and Content Note)","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;89101454-78c5-416e-a48d-f7cfce52f9b1 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Episode N307, 1990 March 14.South Africa Now Collection (MS 1818). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.\n\n https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/4528."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1537063"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["videocassettes_(betacamsp)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}}],"summary":{"en":["The episode includes: ANC conference in Lusaka, Zambia; coverage of Mandela's trip to Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Sweden; report on death squads in South Africa including an interview with Dirk Coetzee, former hit squad commander; art exhibition, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWomen from South Africa\u003c/title\u003e.","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u002689101454-78c5-416e-a48d-f7cfce52f9b1"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/033/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1dihoqe_1558469731.jpg?1558469734","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20190521-21464-1dihoqe.mp4v"]},"duration":1867.955,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/033/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1dihoqe_1558469731.jpg?1558469734","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/040/033/original/open-uri20190521-21464-1dihoqe.mp4v?1558469731","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1867.955,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1818_episode_N307_alignedtranscript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: This week, South Africa Now presents these stories: Nelson Mandela's travels continue, visiting Zimbabwe, Tanzania and now Sweden. While in England, a new Wembley concert for Mandela is announced. Death squads. While a South African government commission investigates, we speak with a former security policeman who says he ran them. And in our culture segment, postcards from South Africa. Designed by women from all over South Africa, this exhibit gives us an inside look at their everyday life. All these stories and more, this week on South Africa Now. But first, the uncensored news, with Fana Kekana and Carolyn Craven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=86.7,201.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mandela's Travel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=203.87,204.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FANA KEKANA: Phillip Tomlinson is sitting in for Carolyn Craven, who is on assignment. Nelson Mandela and a delegation of ANC leaders made their first stop outside of Africa on March 12, arriving in Stockholm, Sweden, to visit recovering ANC President, Oliver Tambo, hospitalized there after a stroke last year. Sweden has been one of the ANC's principal supporters, both financially and politically. We have this report.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=204.05,232.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NADJA SMITH. South Africa Now: [voice-over] A delegation of antiapartheid activists sang as they awaited Mandela's arrival. Their efforts have supported Sweden's tough anti-Pretoria stance. Mandela was greeted by Sweden's foreign minister and a delegation of ANC leaders, some of whom had gone to jail with him. Others came from London and elsewhere in Europe. South African exile, Maggie Gray.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=233.39,255.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MAGGIE GRAY. South African Exile: He's here to visit his good friend, the president of the ANC. He asked to meet the people of Sweden and to thank the people and the government of Sweden for the support of this country in the struggle against apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=255.25,271.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: Among the many journalists on hand was Bill Tatum, editor of Harlem's Amsterdam News.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=271.31,277.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BILL TATUM. Editor, Amsterdam News: I think the coverage has been naive, in terms of what was actually happening because, you see, the only thing that has changed is that Nelson has been released. Nothing else has changed. The four pillars of apartheid remain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=277.14,291.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: Mandela's first order of business will be to visit his old law partner, Oliver Tambo, in a clinic near Stockholm. Then he will meet with Sweden leaders and be hailed at a mass meeting and concert, in one of Sweden's largest halls. We'll have more on his trip to Sweden next week. This is Nadja Smith reporting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=291.12,310.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Homeland Protest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=310.07,310.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHILLIP TOMLINSON. South Africa Now: Back in South Africa, in Katlehong, a township just east of Johannesburg, a week-long feud between two groups of taxi operators, over the control of routes, flared up on March 8, resulting in a violent confrontation, leaving 19 people dead and 150 injured. This incident, and the recent wave of unrest in the Homelands, have alarmed the National Party, and particularly, the Conservative Party, which views the country as-\"burning up, literally and figuratively.\" Under attack by the Conservatives, law-and-order Minister, Adriaan Vlok, says the ANC is responsible for the recent unrest. Walter Sisulu the allegation patent nonsense. In the Homeland of Venda, an incident of police violence on March 12, according to an eye witness account, a young woman was shot dead at point-blank range, by a constable in the police station of Thohoyandou, the capital. She was among a crowd of 4,000 to 5,000 demonstrators protesting ritual murders. Elsewhere in the Homelands, the situation appears stable, after recent massive demonstrations by blacks protesting living conditions and demanding reincorporation into South Africa. In Ciskei, a new government has been sworn in. But [unintelligible] Botswana reports no new confrontations, after 14 people were killed and thousands injured on March 7, when police opened fire on 50,000 demonstrators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=310.22,405.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Covering Coverage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=405.59,405.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: When Nelson Mandela arrived in Lusaka, Zambia, on February 27, he was greeted by old comrades of the ANC and the presidents of all the frontline states but the presence of Yasir Arafat of the PLO seemed to become the focus of media attention. Here is the picture Reuters News Service sent around the world. Here is what it looked like on the ground. Arafat, as you can see, is the one who grabbed Mandela, giving him his traditional bear-hug greeting and kiss, a common salutation in the Arab world. He was invited there not by the ANC but by the Zambian government because the PLO, like the ANC, is recognized as a liberation movement by the United Nations. ANC leaders in Lusaka were shocked when told that the Arafat greeting dominated the coverage.They saw it as a side show, with no particular significance for the South African issue. The clear implication was that somehow Mandela is in some way anti-Semitic, a notion that Arafat rejects, himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=405.58,469.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YASIR ARAFAT. PLO Leader: We are not against Jews. Who said it? We are against Zionists, colonialists, apartheid racists, not against Jews. Judaism is part of our traditions and heritage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=469.84,482.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: Congressman Howard Wolpe, who was also in Lusaka, commented..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=483.23,487.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rep. HOWARD WOLPE. U.S. House Subcommittee on South Africa: understanding is that there were a number of heads of state there, who were run through — in a meeting with Mr. Mandela and I think it's a shame that the totality of that meeting was not focused upon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=487.26,497.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SPEAKER: And instead, just on Arafat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=497.5,499.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. WOLPE: Yes, that the only focus was Arafat being there to greet Mr. Mandela. I think there's alot more of a story to be told than that particular one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=499.39,505.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Lifting Sanction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=505.75,505.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Meanwhile, anti-apartheid leaders, led by Trevor Huddleston, [sp?] have filed a protest with Margaret Thatcher's foreign minister, over the government's decision to lift sanctions. Britain's decision has been challenged by the other nations of the Commonwealth. Secretary General of Nigeria, Chief Emelka Anyaoku, comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=505.56,526.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EMEKA ANYAOKU. Commonwealth Secretary General: Well, the rest of the Commonwealth remains firmly of the view that sanctions were instituted to persuade the regime in Pretoria to embark on meaningful negotiations. And the view remains quite firmly held that unless and until the dismantling of apartheid is being made irreversible, that sanctions must be kept on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=526.82,549.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMUNSON: One supporter of lifting sanctions is Inkatha leader, Chief Gatshe Buthelezi, who told South Africa Now about his meeting at the White House with President George Bush.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=549.47,560.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GATSHA BUTHELEZI. Inkatha Leader: We talked about the issue of lifting of sanctions. Of course, in this case I was quite aware that according to the legislation here in the United States, he couldn't do this alone, without the concurrence of the legislature. So he couldn't act, for instance, like Mrs. Thatcher, who is quite free, who is not really constrained by Parliament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=560.41,579.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Wembley Revisited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=579.11,579.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: It will be Wembley revisited. Another mega-concert on April 16, to honor Nelson Mandela, will take place at Britain's Wembley Stadium. Mandela, himself, is expected to speak at the show. The all-star rock concert may be seen by a billion people, in sixty countries. So far, no American TV outlets have been found. Concert tickets sold out immediately in England, setting a new record for the giant Wembley arena.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=579.09,608.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Depth: Hit-Squad Leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=609.61,615.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: South African death squads, a story which South Africa Now has been following in recent months, is quickly capturing the eyes of the world, as a government commission in South Africa investigates charges that covert police and military units have targeted anti-apartheid foes for harassment, intimidation and assassination. This latest development gives further weight to allegations by anti-apartheid leaders that South Africa is a terrorist state. The charges, a continuing source of embarrassment, are rocking the government of President F. W. de Klerk, who has denied having any knowledge of the covert units. At the center of the inquiry is Defense Minister Magnus Malan, who had ultimate responsibility for the now suspended Civil Cooperation Bureau, the covert military unit. Malan is now fighting for his political life, after being implicated by shocking testimony from his colleagues, who insist he was aware of the unit's activities. There are 48 recorded assassination attempts on the lives of ANC members outside South Africa. And the ANC says 61 people were killed by death squads inside the country. Terror tactics include kidnapping, letter bombs and poison, all part of damning testimonies at the inquiry. We know more about these activities because of the spectacular defection of a police captain of the security branch, who has admitted his involvement and has now joined the ANC. South Africa Now spoke with him in Lusaka, Zambia, where he has sought refuge from members of the killer unit he once commanded. Phillip Tomlinson has the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=615.82,722.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Ruth First, scholar and activist, killed by a letter bomb. ANC leader, Dulcie September, slain in Paris. David Webster, a university professor, struck down in front of his home. SWAPO leader, Anton Lubowski, slain in Namibia. All eliminated in what has been seen as a campaign in state terrorism by the South African government. And now, astonishing revelations of sabotage, destruction and death, paint a brutal web of national and international intrigue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=722.73,756.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"REPORTER: [voice-over] It sounds like James Bond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=756.43,757.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DIRK COETZEE. Former Police Hit-Squad Commander: Well, that's exactly what it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=758.35,759.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: But this is no movie, as we found out five months ago through the admissions of Armand Nofumela, [sp?] an ex-hit squad member, now on death row. His story was later corroborated by his commanding officer, former security police captain, Dirk Coetzee, who made international headlines when he disclosed he led a squad whose mission was to commit murder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=759.9,783.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: I was a field commander of this now all known death squad in the South African police. I went out of the police on 31st January, 1986 and one of my ex-colleagues, who's presently at death row, Mr. Nofumela, he first blew the whistle on these death squads from death row.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=784.23,809.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Until January of this year, death squads were widely believed to be in operation only within the police. But recently, a police investigator made stunning allegations about other covert units — military hit squads, whose intended targets included Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Kasaka [sp?J General Secretary Jay Nigu, [sp?J Nelson Mandela's lawyer, Dullah Omar, South African Council of Churches General Secretary Frank Chikane and National Union of Mine Workers leader, Cyril Ramaposa, [sp?] all singled out for surveillance, intimidation and even assassination, as in the case of Omar, whose heart pills were to be substituted with a deadly drug. After surviving three attempts on his life, Chikane was almost killed by a mystery illness, as he visited the U.S.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=809.23,859.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FRANK CHIKANE. South African Council of Churches: I felt nauseous, I started sweating, salivating and vomiting, my body shaking and twitching. My eyes became watery and my vision was blurred. I could hardly walk. All this was followed by hyper ventilation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=859.86,876.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Tests taken while Chikane was hospitalized provide strong evidence he was poisoned by a chemical found in nerve gas, reportedly a much used hit squad weapon. Coetzee and his fellow assassins used these and other weapons with ruthless efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=876.77,895.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: Now, this we've done by, you know, poisoning them; it was done by giving them knockout drops and then shooting them at close range, eventually burning them — no corpses — on logs and old motorcar tires to ashes. And in the one case of a Mr. Griffith Manenge, [sp?] a lawyer from Durban, an ex Robin Island convict, he was stabbed to death to make the murder look like a robbery. His car was taken away to a place on the border between South Africa and Swaziland, a specific spot, which was known to the security force as a regular crossing point of freedom fighters coming in and out of the country, to put the blame — to make it look and put the blame onto the African National Congress. Now, Mr. Manenge, [sp?] the murder I'm speaking about now, for instance, was stabbed more than 40 times. His throat was slit and his ears cut off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=895.32,973.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: He said his fellow agents used weapons resembling those out of a spy movie, a rigged briefcase, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=974.36,982.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: This pistol was eventually put into a briefcase with a silencer oh, with the result that you walk up to a guy's door with this briefcase in your hand, lift it up under your armpit and then pull the extension of the trigger under the suitcase and it just goes — it just gives a soft sound and all the empty shells fall into the briefcase, and you turn around and you walk away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=982.53,1008.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: And he insists that government officials were aware of these activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1008.76,1013.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: I mean, you must accept that even if President F. W. deKlerk, or the Minister of Defense, Magnus Malan, or Minister Adriaan Vlok, the Minister of Law and Order had knowledge of it, how can they admit it now. It would bring the whole government to a fall. So they can do nothing else, that is, to just deny it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1013.66,1035.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: In recent weeks, news on Nelson Mandela has received equal billing with coverage of the Harms [sp?] Commission hearings, an investigation into the operations of military hit-squads. But Coetzee indicts the entire law-and-order system, corroborating statements made by this man, Police Lieutenant Gregory Rockman, [sp?] who called his fellow policemen wild dogs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1035.31,1059.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: He's a hundred percent correct. REPORTER: Wild dogs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1059.03,1059.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: Wild dogs. At the moment, in exile here, two young policemen, too, that joined the ANC, ex-police constables and every single story of them will coincide with all the allegations made by prisoners over the years. For instance this, you know, so-called stop gun, used in riots, that shoots rubber bullets, is loaded with torch batteries. The shotguns, the inside of the actual bullet is removed and loaded with ice. The rubber bullet is loaded with nails. You can just keep on with it. I can give you exact descriptions, step by step, how you do it actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1059.97,1113.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Another case in point, ANC lawyer Albie Sachs. He survived horror, losing an arm and sustaining internal injuries when his car was blown up by sophisticated explosives wired to the ignition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1113.06,1127.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALBIE SACHS. African National Congress Lawyer: We knew all along it was either South African military or South African police. And of course, now the facts are coming out, the names are being named, the structures are being revealed and I think what's extremely encouraging is that it's coming not just from the outside but from inside the structures themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1127.37,1144.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: But the most controversial allegation surrounds the deaths of SWAPO lawyer Anton Lubowski and anti-apartheid activist, David Webster, mowed down with automatic weapons outside their homes. Protestors were in the thousands at Lubowski's funeral and services for Webster turned into an anti-apartheid demonstration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1144.48,1165.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: With the Webster case, I said from the start it's either a police or military intelligence job. If Webster was—he was working, I believe, on hit squads and if he was close on revealing some information that would have caused an embarrassment to the South African police and South African government, it would have been a security police operation that killed him. If he was also working on the so-called Renamo movement in Mozambique, supported by the South African defense force over the years, if he was close on revealing information on that that would've embarrassed the South African defense force, it would have been a South African military intelligence operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1165.22,1215.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Communist Party leader and ANC member Joe Slovo was himself declared public enemy number one by the South African government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1216.1,1224.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slovo's wife, Ruth First, was killed by a bomb rigged in an envelope supplied Coetzee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1225.19,1231.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JOE SLOVO. South African Communist Party: It's difficult for me, in the light of a very personal and emotional impact of Ruth's death, to stand outside the kinds of feelings which are generated by this phenomenon. Because in my case, it was a hurt which, in a way, will never leave me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1231.61,1253.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: I know Joe Slovo and I've had the honor to meet him during this week just for a short spell. He was walking down a street and a fellow ANC comrade pointed him out to me and said do you want to meet him. And I was hesitating and they said, no, meet this big so-called Communist that you've always heard of. And they stopped the car, I got out of the car, I introduced me to him and, very nicely, he said I've heard so much about you. And I said I've heard so much about you, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1253.28,1292.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: The irony of it all is that Coetzee, who once said it was an honor to torture and kill in the name of apartheid, has now joined the ANC, the organization he so violently opposed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1292.63,1305.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. SACHS: We all do it in different ways. As far as I'm concerned, it's such a joy to discover somebody who was a criminal, a violent criminal, who's now Working for real change and contributing what he has for change, it gives one hope for the whole country. I see it as very positive. If what he's doing now helps bring peace, especially in South Africa, wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1305.41,1326.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: But just why did Dirk Coetzee, traditional symbol of white South African domination, come forward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1327.01,1334.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. COETZEE: After these operations, I mean I had to live with my conscience all these years, and I decided that this was just the right time to sort of get everything off my conscience and speak out about it. But of course because all these operations were so carefully planned, specifically to leave no traces, it would've been very difficult for me to stay inside South Africa and prove in a court of law these death squads. I thought it's no use running around all over the world, away from the South African police and the African National Congress, against whom I was part of committing all these atrocities. So, I decided to approach the ANC, tell my story, and let be what be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1334.08,1388.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Culture: Postcards from South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1391.0,1392.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: The U.S. received an unusual mail delivery this past February: artistic postcards, designed by women from all over South Africa. They were mounted in an art exhibition making its American debut at the SoHo 20 Gallery in New York. The show was produced in accordance with the cultural boycott.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1392.18,1422.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In drawings and collages, in photographs and woodcuts, over 200 black and white South African women tell the world about their lives. Over 400 postcard-size messages, unique in form, collectively they express their universal aspiration to end apartheid and live in a non-racist, non-sexist society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1431.97,1453.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JANET GOLDNER, Curator, South African Mail: The call for entries went out to women all over South Africa, not only artists, to give a message to the outside world of what their life was like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1454.18,1465.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: The show displays modern forms, as well as art inspired by traditional crafts, described by Sindiwe Magona, a participant in the exhibition. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1465.58,1473.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SINDIWE MAGONA: (South African Writer) Because African women do bead work—they weave, they don't go to school, they teach each other this intricate work. And one would hope that that won't die out because that is, for me, the beauty, how people can just create beauty from nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1473.92,1488.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Although some of the postcards were contributed by well-known black South African artists such as Helen Sebide and Bong Gidromon, [sp?] some of the participants had never expressed themselves as artists before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1488.47,1500.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. MAGONA: It is so refreshing to hear from ordinary women, you know, the women who didn't finish primary school, never mind high school, the women who are mothers and write of the people who are jailed, the women who sit at home and wait for their daughters to come back from domestic work the women who mind the children at home, who are too old, having spent their lifetime, you know, minding white children and doing the laundry in white homes..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1500.49,1530.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Magona, herself, worked as a domestic laborer for years. Her postcard bears a poem inspired by her experiences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1530.72,1537.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. MAGONA: When black eyes and white eyes can grow up seeing brooms held in any color hands sweeping streets — [voice-over] I have always wanted to write, I think for more than three decades, really. Most of the time I was working full time, with two or three part-time jobs. [on camera] And I was raising children. I was a single parent. For me, one of the saddest things about South Africa is just how everybody is held back, how the repression successfully dwarfs people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1537.71,1568.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: To encourage more black women to participate in this exhibit workshops were organized around their schedules, which gave them access to this experience. One workshop involved women visiting their relatives on Robin Island.These are Joyce Twala's memories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1570.66,1586.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. MAGONA: [reading Ms. Twala's letter] \"After my son was arrested, on his third year in Robin Island I was shot by police in my house because they said I was also a politician. As a result, I lost my left breast. I trust in the Lord Almighty to save my life, so that I can tell the world about my life and the rudeness of the police..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1587.55,1608.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Many women included text, telling the story behind their pictures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1608.54,1613.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. GOLDNER: There's a big concern in South Africa that the context of imagery be understood: the social conditions which produced the images, so that people really understand and don't mistake where these images are coming from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1613.21,1626.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Goldner intends to show the show throughout the U.S. and to engage more women in South Africa in continuing art workshops through labor unions and rural organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1626.98,1637.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. MAGONA: Shows like this one are very important in that they bring to the notice of people who care, the lives of the people of South Africa, the oppressed people of South Africa, so you get to see the soul of the people, how they see themselves, not how some specialist or some educated person. Here, they see themselves. They are telling their story. One [unintelligible] often the flesh is not there. It's just bones. And you need to know what it was like to be an ordinary woman, African woman, in that country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1637.72,1675.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: That's our program this week. We are pleased to announce that our program is now being seen in Zimbabwe and in Zambia. For more information on the issues we cover, send a self-addressed, stamped, envelope to: South Africa Now, P.O. Box 1907, Canal Street Station, New York, NY 10013. Thank you for joining us. On behalf of everyone at South Africa Now, I am Fana Kekana, see you next week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1675.15,1705.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033/transcript/42556/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: South Africa Now is offering copies of the hour-long home video, Nelson Mandela, Free at Last. To obtain the program, send $14.95, check or money order, to South Africa Now, 361 West Broadway, New York, NY 10013. Please allow several weeks for delivery. South Africa Now is produced by Globalvision, on a non-profit basis, in association with the Africa Fund, a tax-exempt organization providing assistance and relief to victims of apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7138/file/40033#t=1706.12,1738.7"}]}]}]}