{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/th8bg2hv1q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["\"Choices for the U.S., Choices for Japan,\" International Forum, with Gerald R. Ford, Takeo Fukuda, Toru Yano, and Kissinger [1 of 3], 1982 October 12"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b0905.u.mov (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["videocassettes_(u-matic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1982 October 12 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;8832096c-ad57-4288-9b24-22404d7cc511 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076690"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\"Choices for the U.S., Choices for Japan,\" International Forum, with Gerald R. Ford, Takeo Fukuda, Toru Yano, and Kissinger [1 of 3], 1982 October 12. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u00268832096c-ad57-4288-9b24-22404d7cc511"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/072/920/small/open-uri20200228-764-dpnk6b_1582903238.jpg?1582885238","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20200228-764-dpnk6b.mov"]},"duration":2605.185,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/072/920/small/open-uri20200228-764-dpnk6b_1582903238.jpg?1582885238","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/072/920/original/open-uri20200228-764-dpnk6b.mov?1582885237","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2605.185,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0905_transcript_en.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e We, Telecasting Corporation, will be celebrating our 25th anniversary next year. And in political turbulence that we see world wide, we have been pursuing the issue of Japan's role. And we have been in the production of various programs centering around this theme. For example, I think it was in 1979, when we were celebrating our 20th anniversary.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=12.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe-\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Invited the Honorable Charles Ford, former US President, to produce a special program on the Pacific area, the relationship between US and Japan. And also, we have invited former President Carter as well.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e To produce a special program on various special lectures in 1981.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=47.0,80.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe decisive, the days of decision and we had various teach in sessions as well. In the autumn of two years ago, we had a special interview with Arafat of PLO, and we produced a special program on this interview. And these have been all in line with the common line that we have pursued in our programs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=80.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nToday, Mr. Mura Matzu of Simon International and two others of his colleagues will providing simultaneous interpreting. And therefore, we would like to ask the audience to tune in either on the Japanese or English channel. In the program leaflets that have been distributed to you, there are descriptions of the use of the receivers set.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=115.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf you wish to listen in English, please adjust the channel to one or three, in case of Japanese, the channel is channel two. So channel two Japanese, channels one and three, English will come through.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e So if you could make sure to plug in the headphone.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=142.0,167.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And depending on where you are seated, there may be areas where it is a little difficult to hear. But since the receiver sets have directional tendencies, if you could change the direction of your receivers. You can adjust it so that you can clearly receive the interpretation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=167.0,193.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWithin this room, please refrain from smoking. Then we would like to introduce Professor Todo Yano of Kyoto University who will be moderating for today's forum. Professor Yano has studied international relations at Harvard and is an expert on Asian affairs as well as US-Japanese bilateral relations. At Harvard University, Dr. Kissinger's seminars are being held to which Professor Yano himself has attended.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=193.0,232.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTherefore, Professor Yano and Professor Kissinger have a long 15-year acquaintance and friendship. So I'm sure that many of you are already aware of Professor Yano because he has written many books. But I have the pleasure of introducing Professor Yano here.\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\u003e\u003e I have the honor of moderating for today's forum.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=232.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMy name is Todo Yano of Kyoto University.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e At present, we are in a period of upheaval. And the detante that was fostered in the 1970s has collapsed. And since then, the Sino-American relationship are at their worst, not only in Europe as well, but in our far eastern portion of the world, or as in the Middle East.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=261.0,295.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe tensions are mounting, and when we talk about the Soviet Union, of course, Sino-Soviet relations are also a factors of attention. There is no clear cut perspective yet delineated. In the field of international economic sales, well, because of the very declining situation in both fiscal and over all economies in the United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=295.0,328.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis has very detrimental implications to the economic recovery of other countries of the world. So, we see no light ahead. Therefore, we are groping for some guideline to lead us through the oil crisis.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And its ramifications have been overall overcome. However, as can be seen in the examples of Mexico.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=328.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMany other countries, especially the developing countries have large debts, and we are quite apprehensive of its outcome in Japan as well. There is political instability and also we are saying no light with respect to domestic economic situations as well. And with respect to this, we need proper judgement and guidance.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=361.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e So, proper judgement or evaluation, who can properly make the judgement. When we think of this, the speakers that we have invited, the three speakers, these gentlemen have the potential to render the most authoritative guidance. As you are well aware, President Ford was the 38th president of the United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=389.0,426.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd under both the Nixon and the Ford administration, Dr. Kissinger has acted as adviser and also secretary of state. And Dr. Kissinger has contributed greatly to the structuring of world affairs.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e In December from 1976 to 1978.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Former Prime Minister Fukuda contributed greatly to the stability and development of Japan.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=426.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo these three gentlemen are our guest speakers today. And I can imagine no other speakers who would be better fit to give us guidelines. I don't know which direction. The course of our discussions will take in the next one hour and a half. But I now have the honor of introducing these three speakers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=462.0,490.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPlease stand and welcome them with applause.\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\u003e\u003e From now we would like to start today's international forum, choices for the US, choices for Japan. Today, from both the United States and Japan, we have three speakers who can impart to us the most authoritative guidelines in these areas.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=490.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFirst with respect to the general analysis of the world situation, there are many areas of interest for us Japanese but if we look at especially the perspectives of American Foreign Policy there are many points to be made. So these issues will be discussed as well as US Japan relations, as well.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=577.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo I'm sure that the three speakers will give us very informative, insightful statements in these areas. First, as the Natural course or order of events. I would like to reconfirm whether the three speakers are receiving the interpretation in my voice.\n\u003e\u003e I think it is your clip.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=601.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Then we would like to start our discussions. [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Today's guests are President Ford. Became a Vice President in 1973 and the following, in 1974, he became the 38th President. And will continue to be president until January of 1976. And in this period of time, international relations of the structures underneath us change quickly.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=669.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in that period of time, the Republicans were in power and again, the administration today is also Republican. First, I would like to ask president Ford if you can, today, to the time you were president, the general international relations and the situation, how has this changed, President Ford.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=704.0,728.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf you could comment on this.\n\u003e\u003e My impression is that tensions between the east and the west have become more serious in 1981 and 82 than they were in 1975 and 1976 when I was in the White House. The tension has increased between East and West because of the tremendous build up, primarily, and Soviet military capabilities that started 10 to 15 years ago.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=728.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd have become even greater in the last several years. And of course with the Soviet build up in this period of time they have become far more aggressive. They moved into Afghanistan which they still occupy. They've had a much tougher attitude towards some of their Eastern European satellites such as in the case of Poland at the present time.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=770.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in the last several years, the Soviet Union has become even more aggressive in the Pacific Basin. For example, they are utilizing the Vietnamese peninsula in a much more serious way today than at any time in recent history. The problem is what to do about that particular current challenge of the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=799.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that problem has created some tensions between our Western allies. There are some, of course, who would like us to just negotiate. There are others who would prefer that the United States and our Western allies adopt purely a military point of view. A tremendous build up in our military capacities and just confront the Soviets militarily.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=830.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFrom my own point of view, in order to meet this current challenge, which is a serious one between east and west, I personally strongly advocate what we did in my administration. Which was to strengthen ourselves militarily on the one hand, but also have a dialogue with the Soviet Union on the other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=865.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSuch as our negotiations with the soviets over strategic arms limitations. Our other activities to ameliorate differences. I would hope that the differences within the alliance could be modified. By using the approach that I was successful in 1975 and 1976.\n\u003e\u003e Thank you very much, we have been given a very clear analysis but we would like to hear the views from all the three speakers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=890.0,931.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo how we view the tendency of world affairs is a basis for our discussions. And so if you could comment, Mr. Fukito.\n\u003e\u003e Well, I also share President Ford's general views about the tide of our times. The post war structure of the world has been characterized by east, west Patient.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=931.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI believe, this has been the current, likewise today. But when we look at East/West tension, we must probe into what the tensions are, particularly the military confrontation. Since the war in Vietnam, it seems that US military capabilities were always running behind the Soviet military build up, it seems to me.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=960.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nToday, Soviet military power is almost as strong as in the United States. I think they reached this station in the mid 70s. Then naturally Soviet assumes more aggressive posture in many parts of Africa, and Afghanistan, and other places in Middle East. Also in Asia, take Vietnam, take Cambodia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=994.0,1021.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn these various parts of the world, the Soviets are showing a more aggressive posture, which worries me. At the same time, I must add that something more threatening is the worldwide economic sluggishness with global recession. If we don't do anything about this, there is no telling what may happen in the future.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1021.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI always say that second World War was the product of the global depression in the 30s. If we don't do anything about the present economy chaos and sluggishness, there will inevitably arise social instability. Social instabilities, in turn, breed political insecurity. And then there are chances for East/West confrontation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1048.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI think East/West confrontation of friction and economic instability are interacting with each other, creating today's most worrisome global situation. I want to emphasize that we should not repeat of the of the 1930s. That is economic instability leading into a World War. Of course, I'm not saying that we are likely to have that kind of global war as we had before.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1083.0,1121.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut something equivalent to it in terms of economic and social instability, we must be prepared for that.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger, we are very familiar with the word detente, but Dr Kissinger was very instrumental in bringing this about. A central figure in the arrival of detente. And in the first half of 1970s, he was involved in various activities in foreign policy to realize the situation of detente.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1121.0,1156.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHowever, now that detente is weakening and declining at the Versailles summit held last year, President Reagan refused to officially use even the word detente. How do you view this direction of world affairs, Dr Kissinger.\n\u003e\u003e Well [COUGH] first of all, let me say what a privilege it is for me to be on the same program as President Ford, under whom I had the honor to serve for over three years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1156.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd also with Mr. Fukuda, who was a colleague in many negotiations with Japan. I agree with the general analysis on East/West relations that has been made by the two preceding speakers, but let me make a few additional points. First, unfortunately in the United States, detente became a political issue.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1190.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the impression was created as if it indicated a sort of psychiatric treatment of the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, if I understood President Ford's policy correctly, and I don't think I would've lasted in office if I hadn't.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].\n\u003e\u003e It was a strategy for dealing with the Soviet Union, which combined resistance to aggression, plus willingness to negotiate on the basis of equality.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1218.0,1254.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd we emphasized both prongs of this. And therefore, in that sense, detente is a necessity. And I may say, the current administration, while not using the word, has been forced to pursue the policy. Secondly, the Soviet Union is, of course, militarily very strong, especially in numbers. But one should not overrate that capacity.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1254.0,1291.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt is technologically far behind the United States. We have seen in the Middle East what happens when modern American equipment meets modern Soviet equipment. And if I were a Soviet military planner I would be very uneasy about that performance in the Middle East. So, there is no reason for panic.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1291.0,1321.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf we continue a firm policy, there should be every opportunity for successful negotiations. Now, in the conduct of foreign policy, one needs to have full strength, but one also needs geopolitical understanding. The collapse of the pro-Western government in Iran, which was not a result of Soviet power but partly the result of lack of understanding by some industrial democracies, has had a catastrophic impact on the Gulf and on the economies of all of our nations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1321.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd if we do not understand our common interests, such events could occur again and we have to strengthen our common understanding. Third, I think a new relationship with China is of very great importance in the next ten years, so that the one quarter of the human race represented by China have a constructive role in international affairs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1368.0,1402.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFinally, I agree with what Mr Fukuda said about the economic difficulties of the industrial democracies. I would add to it the problem especially of the debts of the developing countries. And if no solution is found on a comprehensive basis, we could have not just economic catastrophes, but economic catastrophes leading to the radicalization Of precisely the most advanced of the developing countries.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1402.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThese seem to me to be the problems for the 80s, but I also believe that, with cooperative effort, they are soluble.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Dr. Kissinger has given us a very balanced analysis of both powers. With respect to the Soviet issue this is not only, we should not only in strength but overall analysis are necessary and in the future.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1443.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the 1980's and next coming decades China will be an also a very important issue when we think of Soviet Union and China. First on the Soviet Union, the regime is coming to an end, and so I'm sure that many of you are also interested in what will be the future.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1480.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in Sino-Soviet confrontation, there are bits and pieces of signs for rapprochement, which we hear about but this is a very important issue. So, we would like to have our speakers comment on this. President Ford, first of all, the Soviet Union, they are in a political transitional period do not think so sir?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1500.0,1526.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e It would be fool hardy on the part of the Western world to ignore the possibility of a rapprochement between the Soviet Union on the one hand and the People's Republic on the other. To have those relationships go back to what they were in the 1950s, with all the dire possibilities ought to make the Western world be very alert to what can be done to keep the People's Republic independent of any new relationship with Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1526.0,1570.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe have made great strides since 1972 when Dr Kissinger was instrumental, along with President Nixon, in opening new relationships between the United States, and the People's Republic. We must, in order to keep a proper balance between the three super powers, or the two super powers Soviet Union and the United States, to strengthen and deepen that relationship between the United States and the People's Republic.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1570.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMy impression is that since 1972 progress has been made and I hope and trust that the new administration in Washington will continue the process that was initiated about ten years ago. That's important for the maintenance of stability in the Pacific Basin and on a global basis.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1608.0,1637.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Thank you, Mr. Fukita, how do you view the future of Sino-Soviet relations?\n\u003e\u003e Well, as a matter of fact, in November of last year, I visited China. And I met with Mr. and discussed with him the matters of the world and of Asia. Mr. was quite vocal in criticizing the United State of America.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1637.0,1671.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMainly it was because of the Taiwan issues. And because of this I feel that there might be some repercussion on final American relationship as well as, final Soviet relationship between the United States and China. Recently a joint declaration was made and somehow for others, they have managed to settle the question of Taiwan.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1671.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'm pleased about this development. But in the recent communist party congress in China, the party chairman made a declaration that. After all, both China and Soviet Russia are within the same communist camp over the world. He emphasized it, and also there have been some concrete moves over China resuming the dispatch of students to Soviet Russia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1710.0,1752.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI think the talks are beginning to take place for that kind of resumption. And about border strife, we hear that there are moves for them to resume talks. I do not trust such moves between China and Soviet Russia. Now looking at that reality, when you use the word rapprochement, do we see it as signal for surging rapprochement between China Soviet?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1752.0,1783.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI don't subscribe to that view as a matter of fact, I feel that China is simply becoming more idealistic in their attitude and philosophy. In other words they have come to fear that they have to adapt the Western kind of investment kind of policy.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e To reach their goal of economic growth and modernization by the end of this century.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1783.0,1815.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI think Chinese leaders today, have basically the same unfailing philosophy. I do note that there are wrinkles. There are minor moves now and then in one way or another but basically Chinese attitude towards the Soviet, the attitude of caution has not been changed basically.\n\u003e\u003e Thank you I mentioned before, i dropped a question to President Ford-\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1815.0,1850.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e That the Soviet Union is in a transitional state. And he, Doctor Soviet conflict. Well, I actually want to ask Dr. Kissinger the same thing. Is not the Soviet Union in a period of political transition, how are we to analyze this?\n\u003e\u003e I think the Soviet Union is in a period of transition.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1850.0,1880.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBefore I get to this, could I make a quick comment on the previous observation. Having just returned from China as a matter of fact. First on US, Taiwan relations, I believe that the recent communicate provides a basis for a healthy evolution of this relationship provided each side respects the principles of the other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1880.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd provided some of our people can curb their tendency toward excessive brilliance. And making comments three times a day on the subject. I think the communique speaks for itself and should be left alone. [COUGH] Secondly, on Sino-Soviet relations, I believe that the Chinese are very realistic and very pragmatic people.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1911.0,1948.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey know that no matter what they do at the end of the day, they will still have a frontier of 4,500 kilometers with the Soviet Union. And no matter what happens, even if the Soviet army moves back a few kilometers, it won't take long to advance again. So while it is quite possible that there'd be some practical improvements on pragmatic issues, the fundamental threat to the security of China does not come from United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1948.0,1988.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I don't believe that will be forgotten. Secondly, in terms of economic development, the Soviet Union cannot develop its own country. Much less a country of the size of China. So China will have to deal with the industrial democracies, primarily the United States, Japan, and to a lesser extent Europe.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=1988.0,2017.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo if we all behave without excessive nervousness and on the recognition that serious countries will understand their own fundamental interests, I believe we can have a very constructive relationship with China over the next ten years with respect to the Soviet succession. There's this curious phenomenon that in the whole history of the Soviet Union, there have been only three changes of general secretaries.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2017.0,2053.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd now there is a leadership group that is very aged, so that in all probability there will be a succession on the basis of actuarial tables. It will be a succession in the next year or two. And the people who are now listed as the major candidates for succession are themselves of an age group that will make them candidates for replacement almost as soon as they take over.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2053.0,2088.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo we could have a rather prolonged transitional period in the Soviet Union, which may account for the indecisiveness of their foreign policy in many areas of the world.\n\u003e\u003e Thank you.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e With respect to the world's situation, we have talked about the general framework and we have talked about East-West relations, the Chinese issue, the Soviet issue, and the Soviets Sino-Soviet relations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2088.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e We have two other problem areas. First, is Europe and the other is the Middle East.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Because of time element, we cannot deal with these in detail.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e But Dr. Kissinger, during your term as Secretary, you mentioned a comprehensive approach to a solution, a type of comprehensive solution to the Middle East was seen during your term as Secretary.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2120.0,2156.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHowever, the change of the US administration after this changeover, not necessarily was the approach to the Middle East that comprehensive, as many of you are already aware. President Carter took the so-called Camp David approach of putting most emphasis on Egyptian-Israeli settlements. But not necessarily did this lead to the overall establishment of peace in the Middle East area.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2156.0,2183.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I think this is one of the main points of the Middle East issue with regard to Europe. The foreign policies of the United States and the European countries are a little different, so there seems to be subtle friction between the two.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And therefore with respect to this world situation, if we could ask the three speakers again to comment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2183.0,2208.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFirst of all, Dr. Kissinger if you could comment on the Middle East issue. What are your present views?\n\u003e\u003e [COUGH] During President Ford's period in office, we made a very major step forward when President Ford, at considerable risk domestically, insisted on his views of what a fair solution to the Sinai settlement was.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2208.0,2239.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow I believe that the objective conditions at this moment for a major progress in the Middle East are very great. The Soviet Union has been exposed as a paper tiger as far as the Middle East is concerned. Soviet weapons have been proved to be able to start a war, but not be able to end it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2239.0,2267.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe radical countries in the area have learned that their policy cannot succeed by itself, and they are beginning to deal with us. For example, Syria. So objectively, the conditions for major progress exist. The Israelis have not yet agreed to President Reagan's initiative. Which I think was courageous and important.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2267.0,2298.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut I believe that if the President sticks to his course, as he has given every indication that he will, a negotiation will develop. And I believe within the next year to 18 months, we can see very major progress in the negotiations in the Middle East.\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Thank you.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2298.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe has given a very insightful analysis of the Middle East. And I think we feel a little relieved now upon hearing his analysis. I agree with Dr. Kissinger on this. I think the Middle East is a very problematic area, very vulnerable. With respect to American-European relations, President Ford, if you could comment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2321.0,2345.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause I'm sure that the United States is having a lot of problems in this area as well. While Japan is being not European but not American but also one of the Western camp. How do you view US-European relations?\n\u003e\u003e May I make one additional comment on the Middle East?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2345.0,2363.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI share Secretary Kissinger's views of President Reagan's initiative. I believe it's vitally important for the moderate Arab nations to move forward in recognition that this is a step forward. And I applaud their response. On the other hand, I hope and trust that on reconsideration that Mr. Bagon will be less adamant and more cooperative in responding to President Reagan's initiative.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2363.0,2399.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the case of US-European relations and the NATO alliance, it seems to me that right at the moment, unfortunately, we're having some disagreements. Primarily over the pipeline arrangements with the Soviet Union. I would hope that as time passes, there can be some way found so that this confrontation between the United States and our Western European allies can be reduced and eliminated.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2399.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI suspect that if the process was started over again, we would never get to this point. And if we can find some way to eliminate this confrontation, it would be well for the alliance as a whole. You can look at these differences as sort of a family feud.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2438.0,2462.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nDifferences within a family. Historically, family feuds, or differences, gradually work themselves out, and the family unit stays together, as it ought to. In the case of Europe at the present time, it would be foolhardy for either Western European nations or the United States to let this current difficulty tear us apart.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2462.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe NATO alliance has been a tremendous success. It's maintained the peace in Europe since 1951, when it was first established. It has the capability of maintaining that peace in the future. And to have a dispute over the pipeline issue to end up destroying the alliance would be absolutely insane.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2490.0,2519.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe must not let this one family feud undercut, destroy a policy that's been successful for almost four decades.\n\u003e\u003e With respect to US European relations as well, this is important for Japan as well. How the Western's position should be towards the Soviet Union. Should we concentrate more on the military approach to the Soviet Union?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2519.0,2554.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7754/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr a more combined approach, taking this strategy from various fields as well? This is a problem we should confront. There is a discussion on INF as well as, [INAUDIBLE]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920#t=2554.0,2605.185"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7755","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0905_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17467/file/72920/transcript/7755/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"00:00:12.458 --\u003e 00:00:16.882\nWe, Telecasting Corporation,\n\n00:00:16.882 --\u003e 00:00:22.835\nwill be celebrating our\n25th anniversary next year.\n\n00:00:22.835 --\u003e 00:00:28.380\nAnd in political turbulence\nthat we see world wide,\n\n00:00:28.380 --\u003e 00:00:32.900\nwe have been pursuing\nthe issue of Japan's role.\n\n00:00:32.900 --\u003e 00:00:35.600\nAnd we have been in the production\n\n00:00:35.600 --\u003e 00:00:39.760\nof various programs\ncentering around this theme.\n\n00:00:39.760 --\u003e 00:00:44.500\nFor example, I think it was in 1979,\n\n00:00:44.500 --\u003e 00:00:47.418\nwhen we were celebrating\nour 20th anniversary.\n\n00:00:47.418 --\u003e 00:00:51.665\nWe-\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\n00:00:51.665 --\u003e 00:00:55.655\n\u003e\u003e Invited the Honorable Charles Ford,\n\n00:00:55.655 --\u003e 00:01:03.259\nformer US President, to produce\na special program on the Pacific area,\n\n00:01:03.259 --\u003e 00:01:07.630\nthe relationship between US and Japan.\n\n00:01:07.630 --\u003e 00:01:13.291\nAnd also, we have invited former\nPresident Carter as well.\n\n00:01:13.291 --\u003e 00:01:18.055\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e To produce a special program on various\n\n00:01:18.055 --\u003e 00:01:20.702\nspecial lectures in 1981.\n\n00:01:20.702 --\u003e 00:01:26.200\nThe decisive, the days of decision and\n\n00:01:26.200 --\u003e 00:01:29.370\nwe had various teach in sessions as well.\n\n00:01:30.590 --\u003e 00:01:34.480\nIn the autumn of two years ago,\n\n00:01:34.480 --\u003e 00:01:40.764\nwe had a special interview\nwith Arafat of PLO, and\n\n00:01:40.764 --\u003e 00:01:47.059\nwe produced a special\nprogram on this interview.\n\n00:01:47.059 --\u003e 00:01:51.721\nAnd these have been all in\nline with the common line\n\n00:01:51.721 --\u003e 00:01:55.281\nthat we have pursued in our programs.\n\n00:01:55.281 --\u003e 00:01:59.222\nToday, Mr.\nMura Matzu of Simon International and\n\n00:01:59.222 --\u003e 00:02:05.008\ntwo others of his colleagues will\nproviding simultaneous interpreting.\n\n00:02:05.008 --\u003e 00:02:09.990\nAnd therefore,\nwe would like to ask the audience to tune\n\n00:02:09.990 --\u003e 00:02:14.390\nin either on the Japanese or\nEnglish channel.\n\n00:02:14.390 --\u003e 00:02:18.820\nIn the program leaflets that\nhave been distributed to you,\n\n00:02:18.820 --\u003e 00:02:22.280\nthere are descriptions of\nthe use of the receivers set.\n\n00:02:22.280 --\u003e 00:02:28.405\nIf you wish to listen in English,\nplease adjust the channel to one or\n\n00:02:28.405 --\u003e 00:02:33.676\nthree, in case of Japanese,\nthe channel is channel two.\n\n00:02:33.676 --\u003e 00:02:40.171\nSo channel two Japanese, channels one and\nthree, English will come through.\n\n00:02:40.171 --\u003e 00:02:44.649\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e So if you could make sure to\n\n00:02:44.649 --\u003e 00:02:47.844\nplug in the headphone.\n\n00:02:47.844 --\u003e 00:02:54.491\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And depending on where you are seated,\n\n00:02:54.491 --\u003e 00:02:59.720\nthere may be areas where it is\na little difficult to hear.\n\n00:02:59.720 --\u003e 00:03:03.380\nBut since the receiver sets\nhave directional tendencies,\n\n00:03:03.380 --\u003e 00:03:06.509\nif you could change\nthe direction of your receivers.\n\n00:03:08.140 --\u003e 00:03:12.520\nYou can adjust it so that you can\nclearly receive the interpretation.\n\n00:03:13.760 --\u003e 00:03:16.780\nWithin this room,\nplease refrain from smoking.\n\n00:03:19.040 --\u003e 00:03:24.970\nThen we would like to introduce\n\n00:03:24.970 --\u003e 00:03:29.800\nProfessor Todo Yano of Kyoto University\nwho will be moderating for today's forum.\n\n00:03:29.800 --\u003e 00:03:37.720\nProfessor Yano has studied\ninternational relations at Harvard and\n\n00:03:37.720 --\u003e 00:03:43.460\nis an expert on Asian affairs as well\nas US-Japanese bilateral relations.\n\n00:03:43.460 --\u003e 00:03:48.206\nAt Harvard University, Dr.\nKissinger's seminars are being\n\n00:03:48.206 --\u003e 00:03:52.153\nheld to which Professor Yano\nhimself has attended.\n\n00:03:52.153 --\u003e 00:03:57.094\nTherefore, Professor Yano and\nProfessor Kissinger have\n\n00:03:57.094 --\u003e 00:04:01.334\na long 15-year acquaintance and\nfriendship.\n\n00:04:01.334 --\u003e 00:04:05.474\nSo I'm sure that many of you are already\naware of Professor Yano because he has\n\n00:04:05.474 --\u003e 00:04:06.628\nwritten many books.\n\n00:04:06.628 --\u003e 00:04:09.517\nBut I have the pleasure of\nintroducing Professor Yano here.\n\n00:04:09.517 --\u003e 00:04:12.933\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\n00:04:17.832 --\u003e 00:04:20.009\n\u003e\u003e I have the honor of moderating for\n\n00:04:20.009 --\u003e 00:04:21.182\ntoday's forum.\n\n00:04:21.182 --\u003e 00:04:26.152\nMy name is Todo Yano of Kyoto University.\n\n00:04:26.152 --\u003e 00:04:29.930\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e At present,\n\n00:04:29.930 --\u003e 00:04:32.570\nwe are in a period of upheaval.\n\n00:04:34.420 --\u003e 00:04:40.180\nAnd the detante that was fostered\nin the 1970s has collapsed.\n\n00:04:40.180 --\u003e 00:04:45.800\nAnd since then,\nthe Sino-American relationship\n\n00:04:45.800 --\u003e 00:04:50.790\nare at their worst,\nnot only in Europe as well,\n\n00:04:50.790 --\u003e 00:04:55.910\nbut in our far eastern portion of\nthe world, or as in the Middle East.\n\n00:04:55.910 --\u003e 00:05:02.050\nThe tensions are mounting, and\nwhen we talk about the Soviet Union,\n\n00:05:02.050 --\u003e 00:05:07.710\nof course, Sino-Soviet relations\nare also a factors of attention.\n\n00:05:07.710 --\u003e 00:05:12.769\nThere is no clear cut perspective yet\ndelineated.\n\n00:05:14.360 --\u003e 00:05:19.361\nIn the field of international\neconomic sales, well,\n\n00:05:19.361 --\u003e 00:05:24.688\nbecause of the very declining\nsituation in both fiscal and\n\n00:05:24.688 --\u003e 00:05:28.505\nover all economies in the United States.\n\n00:05:28.505 --\u003e 00:05:33.680\nThis has very detrimental\nimplications to the economic\n\n00:05:33.680 --\u003e 00:05:37.654\nrecovery of other countries of the world.\n\n00:05:37.654 --\u003e 00:05:42.156\nSo, we see no light ahead.\n\n00:05:42.156 --\u003e 00:05:44.801\nTherefore, we are groping for\n\n00:05:44.801 --\u003e 00:05:49.083\nsome guideline to lead us\nthrough the oil crisis.\n\n00:05:49.083 --\u003e 00:05:52.335\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And\n\n00:05:52.335 --\u003e 00:05:56.791\nits ramifications have\nbeen overall overcome.\n\n00:05:56.791 --\u003e 00:06:01.532\nHowever, as can be seen in\nthe examples of Mexico.\n\n00:06:01.532 --\u003e 00:06:07.992\nMany other countries, especially\nthe developing countries have large debts,\n\n00:06:07.992 --\u003e 00:06:12.940\nand we are quite apprehensive\nof its outcome in Japan as well.\n\n00:06:13.950 --\u003e 00:06:16.522\nThere is political instability and\n\n00:06:16.522 --\u003e 00:06:22.445\nalso we are saying no light with respect\nto domestic economic situations as well.\n\n00:06:22.445 --\u003e 00:06:29.650\nAnd with respect to this,\nwe need proper judgement and guidance.\n\n00:06:29.650 --\u003e 00:06:34.020\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e So, proper judgement or\n\n00:06:34.020 --\u003e 00:06:38.110\nevaluation, who can properly\nmake the judgement.\n\n00:06:40.140 --\u003e 00:06:46.800\nWhen we think of this,\nthe speakers that we have invited,\n\n00:06:46.800 --\u003e 00:06:52.110\nthe three speakers,\nthese gentlemen have the potential to\n\n00:06:53.990 --\u003e 00:06:57.730\nrender the most authoritative guidance.\n\n00:06:57.730 --\u003e 00:07:03.030\nAs you are well aware, President Ford\n\n00:07:03.030 --\u003e 00:07:06.780\nwas the 38th president\nof the United States.\n\n00:07:06.780 --\u003e 00:07:10.781\nAnd under both the Nixon and\nthe Ford administration, Dr.\n\n00:07:10.781 --\u003e 00:07:15.680\nKissinger has acted as adviser and\nalso secretary of state.\n\n00:07:17.220 --\u003e 00:07:21.643\nAnd Dr. Kissinger has contributed greatly\nto the structuring of world affairs.\n\n00:07:21.643 --\u003e 00:07:26.464\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e In December\n\n00:07:26.464 --\u003e 00:07:31.682\nfrom 1976 to 1978.\n\n00:07:31.682 --\u003e 00:07:36.884\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Former Prime Minister Fukuda\n\n00:07:36.884 --\u003e 00:07:42.520\ncontributed greatly to the stability and\ndevelopment of Japan.\n\n00:07:42.520 --\u003e 00:07:47.200\nSo these three gentlemen\nare our guest speakers today.\n\n00:07:47.200 --\u003e 00:07:51.904\nAnd I can imagine no other speakers who\n\n00:07:51.904 --\u003e 00:07:57.860\nwould be better fit to give us guidelines.\n\n00:07:57.860 --\u003e 00:08:00.390\nI don't know which direction.\n\n00:08:01.590 --\u003e 00:08:06.170\nThe course of our discussions will\ntake in the next one hour and a half.\n\n00:08:06.170 --\u003e 00:08:10.390\nBut I now have the honor of\nintroducing these three speakers.\n\n00:08:10.390 --\u003e 00:08:14.065\nPlease stand and\nwelcome them with applause.\n\n00:08:14.065 --\u003e 00:08:24.065\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\n00:09:08.945 --\u003e 00:09:12.962\n\u003e\u003e From now we would like to start today's\n\n00:09:12.962 --\u003e 00:09:19.545\ninternational forum, choices for\nthe US, choices for Japan.\n\n00:09:22.510 --\u003e 00:09:25.630\nToday, from both the United States and\nJapan,\n\n00:09:25.630 --\u003e 00:09:30.800\nwe have three speakers who can impart to\n\n00:09:30.800 --\u003e 00:09:37.770\nus the most authoritative\nguidelines in these areas.\n\n00:09:37.770 --\u003e 00:09:42.250\nFirst with respect to the general\nanalysis of the world situation,\n\n00:09:44.030 --\u003e 00:09:49.290\nthere are many areas of interest for\nus Japanese but if we look at especially\n\n00:09:49.290 --\u003e 00:09:56.740\nthe perspectives of American Foreign\nPolicy there are many points to be made.\n\n00:09:56.740 --\u003e 00:10:01.890\nSo these issues will be discussed as\nwell as US Japan relations, as well.\n\n00:10:01.890 --\u003e 00:10:05.780\nSo I'm sure that the three speakers\nwill give us very informative,\n\n00:10:05.780 --\u003e 00:10:08.658\ninsightful statements in these areas.\n\n00:10:08.658 --\u003e 00:10:16.071\nFirst, as\n\n00:10:16.071 --\u003e 00:10:23.550\nthe Natural course or order of events.\n\n00:10:25.680 --\u003e 00:10:29.936\nI would like to reconfirm whether\nthe three speakers are receiving\n\n00:10:29.936 --\u003e 00:10:32.070\nthe interpretation in my voice.\n\n00:10:39.746 --\u003e 00:10:41.620\n\u003e\u003e I think it is your clip.\n\n00:11:06.940 --\u003e 00:11:11.081\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Then we would like to start our\n\n00:11:11.081 --\u003e 00:11:12.073\ndiscussions.\n\n00:11:12.073 --\u003e 00:11:16.758\n[FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Today's\n\n00:11:16.758 --\u003e 00:11:21.790\nguests are President Ford.\n\n00:11:21.790 --\u003e 00:11:26.240\nBecame a Vice President in 1973 and\n\n00:11:26.240 --\u003e 00:11:32.200\nthe following, in 1974,\nhe became the 38th President.\n\n00:11:32.200 --\u003e 00:11:37.680\nAnd will continue to be\npresident until January of 1976.\n\n00:11:37.680 --\u003e 00:11:38.640\nAnd in this period of time,\n\n00:11:38.640 --\u003e 00:11:44.710\ninternational relations of the structures\nunderneath us change quickly.\n\n00:11:44.710 --\u003e 00:11:49.465\nAnd in that period of time,\nthe Republicans were in\n\n00:11:49.465 --\u003e 00:11:55.810\npower and again, the administration\ntoday is also Republican.\n\n00:11:55.810 --\u003e 00:11:58.980\nFirst, I would like to ask\npresident Ford if you can, today,\n\n00:11:58.980 --\u003e 00:12:04.590\nto the time you were president,\nthe general international relations and\n\n00:12:04.590 --\u003e 00:12:08.570\nthe situation, how has this changed,\nPresident Ford.\n\n00:12:08.570 --\u003e 00:12:09.519\nIf you could comment on this.\n\n00:12:15.580 --\u003e 00:12:22.070\n\u003e\u003e My impression is that\ntensions between the east and\n\n00:12:22.070 --\u003e 00:12:26.600\nthe west have become\nmore serious in 1981 and\n\n00:12:26.600 --\u003e 00:12:30.279\n82 than they were in 1975 and\n1976 when I was in the White House.\n\n00:12:31.670 --\u003e 00:12:35.320\nThe tension has increased between East and\n\n00:12:35.320 --\u003e 00:12:41.880\nWest because of the tremendous build up,\nprimarily, and\n\n00:12:41.880 --\u003e 00:12:50.240\nSoviet military capabilities\nthat started 10 to 15 years ago.\n\n00:12:50.240 --\u003e 00:12:55.910\nAnd have become even greater\nin the last several years.\n\n00:12:55.910 --\u003e 00:13:01.250\nAnd of course with the Soviet\nbuild up in this period of time\n\n00:13:01.250 --\u003e 00:13:04.010\nthey have become far more aggressive.\n\n00:13:04.010 --\u003e 00:13:09.280\nThey moved into Afghanistan\nwhich they still occupy.\n\n00:13:09.280 --\u003e 00:13:14.710\nThey've had a much tougher attitude\ntowards some of their Eastern European\n\n00:13:14.710 --\u003e 00:13:18.610\nsatellites such as in the case\nof Poland at the present time.\n\n00:13:19.750 --\u003e 00:13:21.300\nAnd in the last several years,\n\n00:13:21.300 --\u003e 00:13:26.990\nthe Soviet Union has become even more\naggressive in the Pacific Basin.\n\n00:13:28.010 --\u003e 00:13:33.820\nFor example, they are utilizing\nthe Vietnamese peninsula\n\n00:13:33.820 --\u003e 00:13:40.160\nin a much more serious way today\nthan at any time in recent history.\n\n00:13:40.160 --\u003e 00:13:44.740\nThe problem is what to\ndo about that particular\n\n00:13:45.860 --\u003e 00:13:50.160\ncurrent challenge of the Soviet Union.\n\n00:13:50.160 --\u003e 00:13:58.510\nAnd that problem has created some\ntensions between our Western allies.\n\n00:13:58.510 --\u003e 00:14:05.060\nThere are some, of course,\nwho would like us to just negotiate.\n\n00:14:06.110 --\u003e 00:14:10.930\nThere are others who would prefer\nthat the United States and our\n\n00:14:10.930 --\u003e 00:14:15.820\nWestern allies adopt purely\na military point of view.\n\n00:14:15.820 --\u003e 00:14:20.750\nA tremendous build up in\nour military capacities and\n\n00:14:20.750 --\u003e 00:14:23.580\njust confront the Soviets militarily.\n\n00:14:25.250 --\u003e 00:14:28.890\nFrom my own point of view,\nin order to meet this current challenge,\n\n00:14:28.890 --\u003e 00:14:32.940\nwhich is a serious one between east and\nwest,\n\n00:14:34.050 --\u003e 00:14:39.260\nI personally strongly advocate\nwhat we did in my administration.\n\n00:14:39.260 --\u003e 00:14:44.610\nWhich was to strengthen ourselves\nmilitarily on the one hand, but\n\n00:14:44.610 --\u003e 00:14:50.110\nalso have a dialogue with\nthe Soviet Union on the other.\n\n00:14:50.110 --\u003e 00:14:56.410\nSuch as our negotiations with the soviets\nover strategic arms limitations.\n\n00:14:56.410 --\u003e 00:15:00.660\nOur other activities to\nameliorate differences.\n\n00:15:02.150 --\u003e 00:15:06.550\nI would hope that the differences within\n\n00:15:06.550 --\u003e 00:15:11.800\nthe alliance could be modified.\n\n00:15:11.800 --\u003e 00:15:20.776\nBy using the approach that I was\nsuccessful in 1975 and 1976.\n\n00:15:20.776 --\u003e 00:15:27.070\n\u003e\u003e Thank you very much, we have been\ngiven a very clear analysis but\n\n00:15:27.070 --\u003e 00:15:31.810\nwe would like to hear the views\nfrom all the three speakers.\n\n00:15:31.810 --\u003e 00:15:37.800\nSo how we view the tendency of world\naffairs is a basis for our discussions.\n\n00:15:37.800 --\u003e 00:15:43.421\nAnd so if you could comment, Mr. Fukito.\n\n00:15:43.421 --\u003e 00:15:48.580\n\u003e\u003e Well, I also share President Ford's\n\n00:15:48.580 --\u003e 00:15:54.660\ngeneral views about the tide of our times.\n\n00:15:54.660 --\u003e 00:16:00.342\nThe post war structure of the world has\nbeen characterized by east, west Patient.\n\n00:16:00.342 --\u003e 00:16:07.522\nI believe, this has been the current,\nlikewise today.\n\n00:16:07.522 --\u003e 00:16:14.599\nBut when we look at East/West tension,\nwe must probe into what the tensions are,\n\n00:16:14.599 --\u003e 00:16:18.509\nparticularly the military confrontation.\n\n00:16:18.509 --\u003e 00:16:24.081\nSince the war in Vietnam,\nit seems that US military\n\n00:16:24.081 --\u003e 00:16:28.618\ncapabilities were always running behind\n\n00:16:28.618 --\u003e 00:16:33.680\nthe Soviet military build up,\nit seems to me.\n\n00:16:34.960 --\u003e 00:16:42.430\nToday, Soviet military power is almost\nas strong as in the United States.\n\n00:16:42.430 --\u003e 00:16:46.705\nI think they reached this\nstation in the mid 70s.\n\n00:16:46.705 --\u003e 00:16:51.991\nThen naturally Soviet assumes more\naggressive posture in many parts\n\n00:16:51.991 --\u003e 00:16:56.924\nof Africa, and Afghanistan, and\nother places in Middle East.\n\n00:16:56.924 --\u003e 00:17:00.310\nAlso in Asia, take Vietnam, take Cambodia.\n\n00:17:01.540 --\u003e 00:17:04.734\nIn these various parts of the world,\n\n00:17:04.734 --\u003e 00:17:10.926\nthe Soviets are showing a more\naggressive posture, which worries me.\n\n00:17:10.926 --\u003e 00:17:15.987\nAt the same time, I must add that\nsomething more threatening is\n\n00:17:15.987 --\u003e 00:17:21.865\nthe worldwide economic sluggishness\nwith global recession.\n\n00:17:21.865 --\u003e 00:17:24.600\nIf we don't do anything about this,\n\n00:17:24.600 --\u003e 00:17:28.317\nthere is no telling what\nmay happen in the future.\n\n00:17:28.317 --\u003e 00:17:34.087\nI always say that second\nWorld War was the product\n\n00:17:34.087 --\u003e 00:17:38.739\nof the global depression in the 30s.\n\n00:17:38.739 --\u003e 00:17:43.978\nIf we don't do anything about\nthe present economy chaos and\n\n00:17:43.978 --\u003e 00:17:50.760\nsluggishness, there will inevitably\narise social instability.\n\n00:17:50.760 --\u003e 00:17:55.950\nSocial instabilities, in turn,\nbreed political insecurity.\n\n00:17:55.950 --\u003e 00:18:03.544\nAnd then there are chances for\nEast/West confrontation.\n\n00:18:03.544 --\u003e 00:18:08.409\nI think East/West confrontation of\nfriction and economic instability\n\n00:18:08.409 --\u003e 00:18:14.400\nare interacting with each other, creating\ntoday's most worrisome global situation.\n\n00:18:17.010 --\u003e 00:18:22.980\nI want to emphasize that we should not\n\n00:18:22.980 --\u003e 00:18:29.537\nrepeat of the of the 1930s.\n\n00:18:29.537 --\u003e 00:18:34.508\nThat is economic instability\nleading into a World War.\n\n00:18:34.508 --\u003e 00:18:35.403\nOf course,\n\n00:18:35.403 --\u003e 00:18:41.770\nI'm not saying that we are likely to have\nthat kind of global war as we had before.\n\n00:18:41.770 --\u003e 00:18:46.551\nBut something equivalent to it in terms\nof economic and social instability,\n\n00:18:46.551 --\u003e 00:18:48.399\nwe must be prepared for that.\n\n00:18:48.399 --\u003e 00:18:52.050\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger,\n\n00:18:52.050 --\u003e 00:18:56.930\nwe are very familiar with\nthe word detente, but\n\n00:18:56.930 --\u003e 00:19:03.161\nDr Kissinger was very instrumental\nin bringing this about.\n\n00:19:03.161 --\u003e 00:19:06.959\nA central figure in\nthe arrival of detente.\n\n00:19:06.959 --\u003e 00:19:11.443\nAnd in the first half of 1970s,\nhe was involved in various\n\n00:19:11.443 --\u003e 00:19:16.790\nactivities in foreign policy to\nrealize the situation of detente.\n\n00:19:16.790 --\u003e 00:19:20.648\nHowever, now that detente is weakening and\n\n00:19:20.648 --\u003e 00:19:25.236\ndeclining at the Versailles\nsummit held last year,\n\n00:19:25.236 --\u003e 00:19:31.188\nPresident Reagan refused to\nofficially use even the word detente.\n\n00:19:31.188 --\u003e 00:19:36.009\nHow do you view this direction\nof world affairs, Dr Kissinger.\n\n00:19:36.009 --\u003e 00:19:41.472\n\u003e\u003e Well [COUGH] first of all,\nlet me say what a privilege it is for\n\n00:19:41.472 --\u003e 00:19:45.731\nme to be on the same\nprogram as President Ford,\n\n00:19:45.731 --\u003e 00:19:50.889\nunder whom I had the honor to serve for\nover three years.\n\n00:19:50.889 --\u003e 00:19:54.080\nAnd also with Mr. Fukuda,\n\n00:19:54.080 --\u003e 00:20:00.340\nwho was a colleague in many\nnegotiations with Japan.\n\n00:20:00.340 --\u003e 00:20:05.418\nI agree with the general analysis on\nEast/West relations that has been made\n\n00:20:05.418 --\u003e 00:20:10.271\nby the two preceding speakers, but\nlet me make a few additional points.\n\n00:20:10.271 --\u003e 00:20:16.760\nFirst, unfortunately in the United States,\ndetente became a political issue.\n\n00:20:18.000 --\u003e 00:20:23.290\nAnd the impression was created\nas if it indicated a sort\n\n00:20:23.290 --\u003e 00:20:28.110\nof psychiatric treatment\nof the Soviet Union.\n\n00:20:29.930 --\u003e 00:20:34.887\nAs a matter of fact, if I understood\nPresident Ford's policy correctly,\n\n00:20:34.887 --\u003e 00:20:38.914\nand I don't think I would've\nlasted in office if I hadn't.\n\n00:20:38.914 --\u003e 00:20:40.706\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].\n\n00:20:40.706 --\u003e 00:20:45.546\n\u003e\u003e It was a strategy for\ndealing with the Soviet Union,\n\n00:20:45.546 --\u003e 00:20:49.618\nwhich combined resistance to aggression,\n\n00:20:49.618 --\u003e 00:20:54.918\nplus willingness to negotiate\non the basis of equality.\n\n00:20:54.918 --\u003e 00:20:59.327\nAnd we emphasized both prongs of this.\n\n00:20:59.327 --\u003e 00:21:04.570\nAnd therefore, in that sense,\ndetente is a necessity.\n\n00:21:04.570 --\u003e 00:21:09.300\nAnd I may say, the current administration,\nwhile not using the word,\n\n00:21:10.480 --\u003e 00:21:14.020\nhas been forced to pursue the policy.\n\n00:21:15.400 --\u003e 00:21:20.059\nSecondly, the Soviet Union is, of course,\n\n00:21:20.059 --\u003e 00:21:25.336\nmilitarily very strong,\nespecially in numbers.\n\n00:21:25.336 --\u003e 00:21:31.217\nBut one should not overrate that capacity.\n\n00:21:31.217 --\u003e 00:21:36.679\nIt is technologically far\nbehind the United States.\n\n00:21:36.679 --\u003e 00:21:41.613\nWe have seen in the Middle East\nwhat happens when modern\n\n00:21:41.613 --\u003e 00:21:46.449\nAmerican equipment meets\nmodern Soviet equipment.\n\n00:21:46.449 --\u003e 00:21:51.481\nAnd if I were a Soviet\nmilitary planner I would\n\n00:21:51.481 --\u003e 00:21:57.980\nbe very uneasy about that\nperformance in the Middle East.\n\n00:21:57.980 --\u003e 00:22:01.585\nSo, there is no reason for panic.\n\n00:22:01.585 --\u003e 00:22:05.937\nIf we continue a firm policy,\nthere should be\n\n00:22:05.937 --\u003e 00:22:10.870\nevery opportunity for\nsuccessful negotiations.\n\n00:22:10.870 --\u003e 00:22:16.610\nNow, in the conduct of foreign policy,\none needs to have full strength,\n\n00:22:16.610 --\u003e 00:22:20.510\nbut one also needs\ngeopolitical understanding.\n\n00:22:22.495 --\u003e 00:22:26.440\nThe collapse of the pro-Western\ngovernment in Iran,\n\n00:22:27.850 --\u003e 00:22:32.790\nwhich was not a result of Soviet power but\npartly\n\n00:22:32.790 --\u003e 00:22:37.920\nthe result of lack of understanding\nby some industrial democracies,\n\n00:22:39.180 --\u003e 00:22:43.250\nhas had a catastrophic\nimpact on the Gulf and\n\n00:22:43.250 --\u003e 00:22:46.270\non the economies of all of our nations.\n\n00:22:48.360 --\u003e 00:22:53.306\nAnd if we do not understand\nour common interests,\n\n00:22:53.306 --\u003e 00:22:56.604\nsuch events could occur again and\n\n00:22:56.604 --\u003e 00:23:01.569\nwe have to strengthen our\ncommon understanding.\n\n00:23:01.569 --\u003e 00:23:06.514\nThird, I think a new\nrelationship with China is of\n\n00:23:06.514 --\u003e 00:23:11.224\nvery great importance in\nthe next ten years, so\n\n00:23:11.224 --\u003e 00:23:16.406\nthat the one quarter of\nthe human race represented by\n\n00:23:16.406 --\u003e 00:23:22.327\nChina have a constructive role\nin international affairs.\n\n00:23:22.327 --\u003e 00:23:28.062\nFinally, I agree with what\nMr Fukuda said about the economic\n\n00:23:28.062 --\u003e 00:23:32.570\ndifficulties of\nthe industrial democracies.\n\n00:23:33.770 --\u003e 00:23:39.065\nI would add to it\nthe problem especially of\n\n00:23:39.065 --\u003e 00:23:44.217\nthe debts of the developing countries.\n\n00:23:44.217 --\u003e 00:23:48.745\nAnd if no solution is found\non a comprehensive basis,\n\n00:23:48.745 --\u003e 00:23:53.075\nwe could have not just\neconomic catastrophes, but\n\n00:23:53.075 --\u003e 00:23:58.550\neconomic catastrophes\nleading to the radicalization\n\n00:23:58.550 --\u003e 00:24:03.810\nOf precisely the most advanced\nof the developing countries.\n\n00:24:03.810 --\u003e 00:24:07.750\nThese seem to me to be the problems for\nthe 80s,\n\n00:24:07.750 --\u003e 00:24:12.250\nbut I also believe that,\nwith cooperative effort, they are soluble.\n\n00:24:12.250 --\u003e 00:24:16.858\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Dr.\n\n00:24:16.858 --\u003e 00:24:22.156\nKissinger has given us a very\n\n00:24:22.156 --\u003e 00:24:28.787\nbalanced analysis of both powers.\n\n00:24:28.787 --\u003e 00:24:32.987\nWith respect to the Soviet\nissue this is not only,\n\n00:24:32.987 --\u003e 00:24:40.095\nwe should not only in strength but overall\nanalysis are necessary and in the future.\n\n00:24:40.095 --\u003e 00:24:45.081\nIn the 1980's and\nnext coming decades China will be an also\n\n00:24:45.081 --\u003e 00:24:50.690\na very important issue when we\nthink of Soviet Union and China.\n\n00:24:50.690 --\u003e 00:24:55.840\nFirst on the Soviet Union,\nthe regime is coming to an end, and\n\n00:24:55.840 --\u003e 00:25:00.132\nso I'm sure that many of you are also\ninterested in what will be the future.\n\n00:25:00.132 --\u003e 00:25:05.530\nAnd in Sino-Soviet confrontation,\n\n00:25:05.530 --\u003e 00:25:09.770\nthere are bits and\npieces of signs for rapprochement,\n\n00:25:09.770 --\u003e 00:25:13.580\nwhich we hear about but\nthis is a very important issue.\n\n00:25:13.580 --\u003e 00:25:16.640\nSo, we would like to have our\nspeakers comment on this.\n\n00:25:16.640 --\u003e 00:25:19.950\nPresident Ford, first of all,\nthe Soviet Union,\n\n00:25:21.070 --\u003e 00:25:24.810\nthey are in a political transitional\nperiod do not think so sir?\n\n00:25:26.590 --\u003e 00:25:31.320\n\u003e\u003e It would be fool hardy on the part\nof the Western world to ignore\n\n00:25:32.320 --\u003e 00:25:38.350\nthe possibility of a rapprochement between\nthe Soviet Union on the one hand and\n\n00:25:38.350 --\u003e 00:25:39.880\nthe People's Republic on the other.\n\n00:25:41.160 --\u003e 00:25:48.750\nTo have those relationships go back\nto what they were in the 1950s,\n\n00:25:48.750 --\u003e 00:25:55.970\nwith all the dire possibilities\nought to make the Western world be\n\n00:25:55.970 --\u003e 00:26:03.480\nvery alert to what can be done\nto keep the People's Republic\n\n00:26:03.480 --\u003e 00:26:08.690\nindependent of any new\nrelationship with Soviet Union.\n\n00:26:10.760 --\u003e 00:26:17.730\nWe have made great strides\nsince 1972 when Dr Kissinger\n\n00:26:17.730 --\u003e 00:26:22.780\nwas instrumental,\nalong with President Nixon,\n\n00:26:22.780 --\u003e 00:26:29.960\nin opening new relationships between the\nUnited States, and the People's Republic.\n\n00:26:29.960 --\u003e 00:26:37.640\nWe must, in order to keep a proper\nbalance between the three super powers,\n\n00:26:37.640 --\u003e 00:26:42.180\nor the two super powers Soviet Union and\nthe United States, to strengthen and\n\n00:26:43.370 --\u003e 00:26:48.810\ndeepen that relationship between the\nUnited States and the People's Republic.\n\n00:26:48.810 --\u003e 00:26:56.130\nMy impression is that since\n1972 progress has been made and\n\n00:26:56.130 --\u003e 00:27:01.720\nI hope and trust that the new\nadministration in Washington will continue\n\n00:27:01.720 --\u003e 00:27:06.770\nthe process that was initiated\nabout ten years ago.\n\n00:27:06.770 --\u003e 00:27:08.486\nThat's important for\n\n00:27:08.486 --\u003e 00:27:14.003\nthe maintenance of stability in\nthe Pacific Basin and on a global basis.\n\n00:27:17.291 --\u003e 00:27:19.959\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Thank you, Mr. Fukita,\n\n00:27:19.959 --\u003e 00:27:25.440\nhow do you view the future\nof Sino-Soviet relations?\n\n00:27:25.440 --\u003e 00:27:31.360\n\u003e\u003e Well, as a matter of fact,\nin November of last year, I visited China.\n\n00:27:33.060 --\u003e 00:27:37.780\nAnd I met with Mr. and\n\n00:27:37.780 --\u003e 00:27:42.277\ndiscussed with him the matters\nof the world and of Asia.\n\n00:27:42.277 --\u003e 00:27:51.210\nMr. was quite vocal in criticizing\nthe United State of America.\n\n00:27:51.210 --\u003e 00:27:55.410\nMainly it was because\nof the Taiwan issues.\n\n00:27:56.850 --\u003e 00:28:03.700\nAnd because of this I feel that\nthere might be some repercussion\n\n00:28:03.700 --\u003e 00:28:08.250\non final American relationship as well as,\n\n00:28:10.910 --\u003e 00:28:15.940\nfinal Soviet relationship between\nthe United States and China.\n\n00:28:15.940 --\u003e 00:28:21.910\nRecently a joint declaration was made and\nsomehow for others,\n\n00:28:24.810 --\u003e 00:28:30.090\nthey have managed to settle\nthe question of Taiwan.\n\n00:28:30.090 --\u003e 00:28:32.760\nI'm pleased about this development.\n\n00:28:32.760 --\u003e 00:28:39.784\nBut in the recent communist\nparty congress in China,\n\n00:28:39.784 --\u003e 00:28:45.046\nthe party chairman made\n\n00:28:45.046 --\u003e 00:28:50.240\na declaration that.\n\n00:28:50.240 --\u003e 00:28:52.440\nAfter all, both China and\n\n00:28:52.440 --\u003e 00:28:57.948\nSoviet Russia are within the same\ncommunist camp over the world.\n\n00:28:57.948 --\u003e 00:29:01.670\nHe emphasized it,\n\n00:29:01.670 --\u003e 00:29:06.790\nand also there have been some\nconcrete moves over China\n\n00:29:06.790 --\u003e 00:29:12.038\nresuming the dispatch of\nstudents to Soviet Russia.\n\n00:29:12.038 --\u003e 00:29:16.370\nI think the talks are beginning to take\nplace for that kind of resumption.\n\n00:29:16.370 --\u003e 00:29:24.630\nAnd about border strife, we hear that\nthere are moves for them to resume talks.\n\n00:29:24.630 --\u003e 00:29:31.630\nI do not trust such moves\nbetween China and Soviet Russia.\n\n00:29:31.630 --\u003e 00:29:37.820\nNow looking at that reality,\nwhen you use the word rapprochement,\n\n00:29:37.820 --\u003e 00:29:43.450\ndo we see it as signal for surging\nrapprochement between China Soviet?\n\n00:29:43.450 --\u003e 00:29:48.800\nI don't subscribe to that view as\na matter of fact, I feel that China\n\n00:29:49.860 --\u003e 00:29:55.150\nis simply becoming more idealistic\nin their attitude and philosophy.\n\n00:29:57.550 --\u003e 00:30:02.480\nIn other words they have come\nto fear that they have to\n\n00:30:02.480 --\u003e 00:30:07.540\nadapt the Western kind of\ninvestment kind of policy.\n\n00:30:07.540 --\u003e 00:30:11.950\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e To reach their goal\n\n00:30:11.950 --\u003e 00:30:15.570\nof economic growth and\nmodernization by the end of this century.\n\n00:30:15.570 --\u003e 00:30:19.670\nI think Chinese leaders today,\n\n00:30:20.940 --\u003e 00:30:24.360\nhave basically the same\nunfailing philosophy.\n\n00:30:27.540 --\u003e 00:30:30.500\nI do note that there are wrinkles.\n\n00:30:30.500 --\u003e 00:30:33.580\nThere are minor moves now and\nthen in one way or another but\n\n00:30:33.580 --\u003e 00:30:37.480\nbasically Chinese attitude\ntowards the Soviet,\n\n00:30:37.480 --\u003e 00:30:43.328\nthe attitude of caution has\nnot been changed basically.\n\n00:30:43.328 --\u003e 00:30:48.070\n\u003e\u003e Thank you I mentioned before,\n\n00:30:48.070 --\u003e 00:30:51.450\ni dropped a question to President Ford-\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\n00:30:51.450 --\u003e 00:30:53.510\n\u003e\u003e That the Soviet Union is in\n\n00:30:53.510 --\u003e 00:30:57.534\na transitional state.\n\n00:30:57.534 --\u003e 00:31:04.420\nAnd he, Doctor Soviet conflict.\n\n00:31:04.420 --\u003e 00:31:09.600\nWell, I actually want to ask Dr.\nKissinger the same thing.\n\n00:31:11.080 --\u003e 00:31:14.810\nIs not the Soviet Union in\na period of political transition,\n\n00:31:14.810 --\u003e 00:31:17.410\nhow are we to analyze this?\n\n00:31:17.410 --\u003e 00:31:20.593\n\u003e\u003e I think the Soviet Union\nis in a period of transition.\n\n00:31:20.593 --\u003e 00:31:26.988\nBefore I get to this, could I make a quick\ncomment on the previous observation.\n\n00:31:26.988 --\u003e 00:31:29.834\nHaving just returned from\nChina as a matter of fact.\n\n00:31:29.834 --\u003e 00:31:34.963\nFirst on US, Taiwan relations,\nI believe that\n\n00:31:34.963 --\u003e 00:31:39.709\nthe recent communicate\nprovides a basis for\n\n00:31:39.709 --\u003e 00:31:45.225\na healthy evolution of\nthis relationship provided\n\n00:31:45.225 --\u003e 00:31:50.500\neach side respects\nthe principles of the other.\n\n00:31:51.680 --\u003e 00:31:54.610\nAnd provided some of our people\n\n00:31:54.610 --\u003e 00:31:58.395\ncan curb their tendency\ntoward excessive brilliance.\n\n00:31:58.395 --\u003e 00:32:04.390\nAnd making comments three\ntimes a day on the subject.\n\n00:32:04.390 --\u003e 00:32:11.592\nI think the communique speaks for\nitself and should be left alone.\n\n00:32:11.592 --\u003e 00:32:18.135\n[COUGH] Secondly,\non Sino-Soviet relations,\n\n00:32:18.135 --\u003e 00:32:22.876\nI believe that the Chinese are very\n\n00:32:22.876 --\u003e 00:32:28.285\nrealistic and very pragmatic people.\n\n00:32:28.285 --\u003e 00:32:34.024\nThey know that no matter what\nthey do at the end of the day,\n\n00:32:34.024 --\u003e 00:32:42.173\nthey will still have a frontier of\n4,500 kilometers with the Soviet Union.\n\n00:32:42.173 --\u003e 00:32:47.201\nAnd no matter what happens,\neven if the Soviet army moves\n\n00:32:47.201 --\u003e 00:32:52.669\nback a few kilometers,\nit won't take long to advance again.\n\n00:32:52.669 --\u003e 00:32:57.605\nSo while it is quite possible\nthat there'd be some practical\n\n00:32:57.605 --\u003e 00:33:02.542\nimprovements on pragmatic issues,\nthe fundamental threat\n\n00:33:02.542 --\u003e 00:33:07.300\nto the security of China does\nnot come from United States.\n\n00:33:08.510 --\u003e 00:33:11.490\nAnd I don't believe\nthat will be forgotten.\n\n00:33:11.490 --\u003e 00:33:15.573\nSecondly, in terms of\neconomic development,\n\n00:33:15.573 --\u003e 00:33:19.865\nthe Soviet Union cannot\ndevelop its own country.\n\n00:33:19.865 --\u003e 00:33:24.963\nMuch less a country of the size of China.\n\n00:33:24.963 --\u003e 00:33:30.588\nSo China will have to deal with\nthe industrial democracies,\n\n00:33:30.588 --\u003e 00:33:37.147\nprimarily the United States, Japan,\nand to a lesser extent Europe.\n\n00:33:37.147 --\u003e 00:33:41.920\nSo if we all behave without\nexcessive nervousness\n\n00:33:43.080 --\u003e 00:33:47.460\nand on the recognition that serious\n\n00:33:47.460 --\u003e 00:33:51.590\ncountries will understand their\nown fundamental interests,\n\n00:33:51.590 --\u003e 00:33:57.480\nI believe we can have a very constructive\nrelationship with China over\n\n00:33:57.480 --\u003e 00:34:02.030\nthe next ten years with respect\nto the Soviet succession.\n\n00:34:02.030 --\u003e 00:34:08.678\nThere's this curious phenomenon that in\nthe whole history of the Soviet Union,\n\n00:34:08.678 --\u003e 00:34:13.677\nthere have been only three\nchanges of general secretaries.\n\n00:34:13.677 --\u003e 00:34:20.048\nAnd now there is a leadership\ngroup that is very aged,\n\n00:34:20.048 --\u003e 00:34:24.721\nso that in all probability there will be\n\n00:34:24.721 --\u003e 00:34:30.403\na succession on the basis\nof actuarial tables.\n\n00:34:30.403 --\u003e 00:34:33.780\nIt will be a succession\nin the next year or two.\n\n00:34:35.350 --\u003e 00:34:40.150\nAnd the people who are now listed as\nthe major candidates for succession\n\n00:34:40.150 --\u003e 00:34:44.780\nare themselves of an age group\nthat will make them candidates for\n\n00:34:44.780 --\u003e 00:34:47.170\nreplacement almost as\nsoon as they take over.\n\n00:34:48.230 --\u003e 00:34:53.005\nSo we could have a rather prolonged\ntransitional period in the Soviet Union,\n\n00:34:53.005 --\u003e 00:34:54.326\nwhich may account for\n\n00:34:54.326 --\u003e 00:34:58.745\nthe indecisiveness of their foreign\npolicy in many areas of the world.\n\n00:35:05.241 --\u003e 00:35:06.297\n\u003e\u003e Thank you.\n\n00:35:06.297 --\u003e 00:35:10.747\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e With respect to the world's situation,\n\n00:35:10.747 --\u003e 00:35:13.341\nwe have talked about\nthe general framework and\n\n00:35:13.341 --\u003e 00:35:18.264\nwe have talked about East-West relations,\nthe Chinese issue, the Soviet issue, and\n\n00:35:18.264 --\u003e 00:35:20.490\nthe Soviets Sino-Soviet relations.\n\n00:35:20.490 --\u003e 00:35:26.660\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e We have two other problem areas.\n\n00:35:26.660 --\u003e 00:35:31.190\nFirst, is Europe and\nthe other is the Middle East.\n\n00:35:31.190 --\u003e 00:35:33.830\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Because of time element,\n\n00:35:33.830 --\u003e 00:35:36.198\nwe cannot deal with these in detail.\n\n00:35:36.198 --\u003e 00:35:41.200\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e But Dr. Kissinger,\n\n00:35:41.200 --\u003e 00:35:46.170\nduring your term as Secretary,\n\n00:35:46.170 --\u003e 00:35:52.660\nyou mentioned a comprehensive\napproach to a solution, a type of\n\n00:35:52.660 --\u003e 00:35:56.800\ncomprehensive solution to the Middle East\nwas seen during your term as Secretary.\n\n00:35:56.800 --\u003e 00:36:00.972\nHowever, the change of the US\nadministration after this changeover,\n\n00:36:00.972 --\u003e 00:36:05.282\nnot necessarily was the approach to\nthe Middle East that comprehensive,\n\n00:36:05.282 --\u003e 00:36:07.245\nas many of you are already aware.\n\n00:36:07.245 --\u003e 00:36:12.309\nPresident Carter took\nthe so-called Camp David approach\n\n00:36:12.309 --\u003e 00:36:17.794\nof putting most emphasis on\nEgyptian-Israeli settlements.\n\n00:36:17.794 --\u003e 00:36:21.118\nBut not necessarily did this lead\nto the overall establishment\n\n00:36:21.118 --\u003e 00:36:23.390\nof peace in the Middle East area.\n\n00:36:23.390 --\u003e 00:36:26.048\nAnd I think this is one of the main\n\n00:36:26.048 --\u003e 00:36:30.590\npoints of the Middle East\nissue with regard to Europe.\n\n00:36:30.590 --\u003e 00:36:35.245\nThe foreign policies of the United States\nand the European countries are a little\n\n00:36:35.245 --\u003e 00:36:39.091\ndifferent, so there seems to be\nsubtle friction between the two.\n\n00:36:39.091 --\u003e 00:36:43.175\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e And therefore with respect to this\n\n00:36:43.175 --\u003e 00:36:48.190\nworld situation, if we could ask\nthe three speakers again to comment.\n\n00:36:48.190 --\u003e 00:36:51.422\nFirst of all, Dr. Kissinger if you\ncould comment on the Middle East issue.\n\n00:36:51.422 --\u003e 00:36:56.030\nWhat are your present views?\n\n00:36:56.030 --\u003e 00:37:01.233\n\u003e\u003e [COUGH] During President Ford's\nperiod in office,\n\n00:37:01.233 --\u003e 00:37:06.799\nwe made a very major step\nforward when President Ford,\n\n00:37:06.799 --\u003e 00:37:11.881\nat considerable risk domestically,\ninsisted on\n\n00:37:11.881 --\u003e 00:37:19.120\nhis views of what a fair solution\nto the Sinai settlement was.\n\n00:37:19.120 --\u003e 00:37:25.060\nNow I believe that the objective\nconditions at this moment for\n\n00:37:25.060 --\u003e 00:37:28.890\na major progress in\nthe Middle East are very great.\n\n00:37:31.320 --\u003e 00:37:35.720\nThe Soviet Union has been\nexposed as a paper tiger\n\n00:37:35.720 --\u003e 00:37:37.440\nas far as the Middle East is concerned.\n\n00:37:38.950 --\u003e 00:37:45.550\nSoviet weapons have been proved to be able\nto start a war, but not be able to end it.\n\n00:37:47.770 --\u003e 00:37:52.510\nThe radical countries in the area\nhave learned that their policy cannot\n\n00:37:52.510 --\u003e 00:37:56.465\nsucceed by itself, and\nthey are beginning to deal with us.\n\n00:37:56.465 --\u003e 00:38:01.083\nFor example, Syria.\n\n00:38:01.083 --\u003e 00:38:06.360\nSo objectively, the conditions for\nmajor progress exist.\n\n00:38:08.380 --\u003e 00:38:13.910\nThe Israelis have not yet\nagreed to President Reagan's initiative.\n\n00:38:13.910 --\u003e 00:38:18.437\nWhich I think was courageous and\nimportant.\n\n00:38:18.437 --\u003e 00:38:22.868\nBut I believe that if\nthe President sticks to his course,\n\n00:38:22.868 --\u003e 00:38:28.795\nas he has given every indication that\nhe will, a negotiation will develop.\n\n00:38:28.795 --\u003e 00:38:32.413\nAnd I believe within\nthe next year to 18 months,\n\n00:38:32.413 --\u003e 00:38:37.509\nwe can see very major progress in\nthe negotiations in the Middle East.\n\n00:38:39.557 --\u003e 00:38:41.925\n\u003e\u003e [FOREIGN]\n\u003e\u003e Thank you.\n\n00:38:41.925 --\u003e 00:38:45.410\nHe has given a very insightful\nanalysis of the Middle East.\n\n00:38:45.410 --\u003e 00:38:49.730\nAnd I think we feel a little relieved\nnow upon hearing his analysis.\n\n00:38:49.730 --\u003e 00:38:52.460\nI agree with Dr. Kissinger on this.\n\n00:38:55.010 --\u003e 00:39:00.526\nI think the Middle East is a very\nproblematic area, very vulnerable.\n\n00:39:00.526 --\u003e 00:39:03.459\nWith respect to\nAmerican-European relations,\n\n00:39:03.459 --\u003e 00:39:05.841\nPresident Ford, if you could comment.\n\n00:39:05.841 --\u003e 00:39:10.222\nBecause I'm sure that\nthe United States is having a lot of\n\n00:39:10.222 --\u003e 00:39:12.604\nproblems in this area as well.\n\n00:39:12.604 --\u003e 00:39:18.296\nWhile Japan is being not European but not\nAmerican but also one of the Western camp.\n\n00:39:18.296 --\u003e 00:39:21.137\nHow do you view US-European relations?\n\n00:39:21.137 --\u003e 00:39:23.610\n\u003e\u003e May I make one additional\ncomment on the Middle East?\n\n00:39:23.610 --\u003e 00:39:29.620\nI share Secretary Kissinger's views\nof President Reagan's initiative.\n\n00:39:30.980 --\u003e 00:39:36.260\nI believe it's vitally important for\nthe moderate Arab nations\n\n00:39:36.260 --\u003e 00:39:41.610\nto move forward in recognition\nthat this is a step forward.\n\n00:39:41.610 --\u003e 00:39:45.220\nAnd I applaud their response.\n\n00:39:45.220 --\u003e 00:39:51.014\nOn the other hand, I hope and\ntrust that on reconsideration that Mr.\n\n00:39:51.014 --\u003e 00:39:54.390\nBagon will be less adamant and\n\n00:39:54.390 --\u003e 00:39:59.733\nmore cooperative in responding to\nPresident Reagan's initiative.\n\n00:39:59.733 --\u003e 00:40:03.434\nIn the case of US-European relations and\n\n00:40:03.434 --\u003e 00:40:08.720\nthe NATO alliance,\nit seems to me that right at the moment,\n\n00:40:08.720 --\u003e 00:40:13.603\nunfortunately, we're\nhaving some disagreements.\n\n00:40:13.603 --\u003e 00:40:20.662\nPrimarily over the pipeline\narrangements with the Soviet Union.\n\n00:40:20.662 --\u003e 00:40:26.910\nI would hope that as time passes,\nthere can be some way found so\n\n00:40:26.910 --\u003e 00:40:32.438\nthat this confrontation\nbetween the United States and\n\n00:40:32.438 --\u003e 00:40:38.582\nour Western European allies\ncan be reduced and eliminated.\n\n00:40:38.582 --\u003e 00:40:43.161\nI suspect that if the process\nwas started over again,\n\n00:40:43.161 --\u003e 00:40:46.025\nwe would never get to this point.\n\n00:40:46.025 --\u003e 00:40:51.774\nAnd if we can find some way to\neliminate this confrontation,\n\n00:40:51.774 --\u003e 00:40:55.956\nit would be well for\nthe alliance as a whole.\n\n00:40:55.956 --\u003e 00:41:02.736\nYou can look at these differences\nas sort of a family feud.\n\n00:41:02.736 --\u003e 00:41:04.680\nDifferences within a family.\n\n00:41:06.680 --\u003e 00:41:11.580\nHistorically, family feuds,\nor differences, gradually\n\n00:41:11.580 --\u003e 00:41:16.290\nwork themselves out, and the family\nunit stays together, as it ought to.\n\n00:41:16.290 --\u003e 00:41:19.340\nIn the case of Europe at the present time,\n\n00:41:20.490 --\u003e 00:41:24.510\nit would be foolhardy for\neither Western European nations or\n\n00:41:24.510 --\u003e 00:41:29.370\nthe United States to let this\ncurrent difficulty tear us apart.\n\n00:41:30.890 --\u003e 00:41:34.920\nThe NATO alliance has been\na tremendous success.\n\n00:41:34.920 --\u003e 00:41:42.267\nIt's maintained the peace in Europe since\n1951, when it was first established.\n\n00:41:42.267 --\u003e 00:41:46.528\nIt has the capability of maintaining\nthat peace in the future.\n\n00:41:46.528 --\u003e 00:41:52.006\nAnd to have a dispute\nover the pipeline issue\n\n00:41:52.006 --\u003e 00:41:59.863\nto end up destroying the alliance\nwould be absolutely insane.\n\n00:41:59.863 --\u003e 00:42:05.038\nWe must not let this one\nfamily feud undercut,\n\n00:42:05.038 --\u003e 00:42:12.610\ndestroy a policy that's been\nsuccessful for almost four decades.\n\n00:42:15.804 --\u003e 00:42:19.804\n\u003e\u003e With respect to US European\nrelations as well,\n\n00:42:19.804 --\u003e 00:42:22.910\nthis is important for Japan as well.\n\n00:42:24.270 --\u003e 00:42:28.335\nHow the Western's position should\nbe towards the Soviet Union.\n\n00:42:28.335 --\u003e 00:42:34.616\nShould we concentrate more on the military\napproach to the Soviet Union?\n\n00:42:34.616 --\u003e 00:42:41.462\nOr a more combined approach, taking this\nstrategy from various fields as well?\n\n00:42:41.462 --\u003e 00:42:43.551\nThis is a problem we should confront.\n\n00:42:43.551 --\u003e 00:42:52.096\nThere is a discussion on INF as well 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