{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/th8bg2hq1m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Episode N311, 1990 April 11"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1818 (EAD ID)","MS 1818  (Call Number)","ms_1818_b0090.mp4 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990 April 11 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The episode includes: Natal’s civil war and Sebokeng police massacre; ANC's future plans; South African homelands; report on South African shebeens.\n\n (Scope and Content Note)","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;65a5a69e-ca59-49eb-a2bc-bdf74cf8376e (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Episode N311, 1990 April 11.South Africa Now Collection (MS 1818). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.\n\n https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/4528."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1537070"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["videocassettes_(u-matic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}}],"summary":{"en":["The episode includes: Natal’s civil war and Sebokeng police massacre; ANC's future plans; South African homelands; report on South African shebeens.\n\n","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u002665a5a69e-ca59-49eb-a2bc-bdf74cf8376e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/037/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1b5sg62_1558469863.jpg?1558469866","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20190521-21464-1b5sg62.mp4v"]},"duration":1838.759,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/037/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1b5sg62_1558469863.jpg?1558469866","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/040/037/original/open-uri20190521-21464-1b5sg62.mp4v?1558469863","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1838.759,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1818_N311_alignedtranscript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"April 11,1990","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=0.0,0.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HARRY BELAFONTE, American Entertainer: South Africa Now is one of the most important news sources for knowing the truth about what's going on in South Africa, of any information that's coming through to the people of the United States of America. Support South Africa Now, I do and you should. ANNOUNCER: Globalvision presents an Emmy award-winning news magazine. This week, South Africa Now presents these stories: The fight for peace in South Africa's Natal region. There are talks under way but the violence in the country goes on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=0.12,118.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NELSON MANDELA. African National Congress Leader: To see a man bent — killed — you know, by fire and buried under debris, was a very gruesome scene, indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=118.28,135.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: Homelands on fire. South Africa's apartheid system is built around a system of so-called Homelands. What are they all about and why is the system crumbling?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=135.09,146.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dean T.S. FARISANI. Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary: You see, the word Homeland, to the uninitiated ear, uninformed ear, sounds romantic — Homeland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=146.87,157.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: And in our culture section, where do working people party in South African townships? At illegal bars called shebeens. We visited one. THEMBA NTINGA, African National Congress Representative to the United Nations: We could not partake in the imbibition of alcohol because, apparently, the white minority regime and the white people of South Africa thought and felt that we were too childlike to be able to control ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=160.61,190.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: All of these stories and more, as South Africa Now marks its second anniversary of presenting uncensored news. Here are your hosts, Fana Kekana and Carolyn Craven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=193.34,204.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa Now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=204.69,204.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FANA KEKANA, South Africa Now: Dumelan. South Africa Now has learned that the giant Mandela tribute, scheduled to be broadcast to 63 countries, will not be seen in the United States. As of our deadline, no American broadcaster commercial, cable or public television — had agreed to air the four-hour superstar event, scheduled for April 16th at London's Wembley Stadium. Nelson Mandela is slated to give a major address, which will be seen by a billion people, but not by American television viewers. The TV outlets told the distributor there wasn't enough time, they couldn't afford it or, as in the case of the Fox Network, they had already done it. Is this censorship or just the way it is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=204.81,247.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[voice-over]:  In 1988, at a similar concert calling for Mandela's release and commemorating his 70th birthday, the broadcast in this country was sanitized politically. At that time, South Africa Now also broke the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=249.05,261.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NADJA SMITH. South Africa Now: [voice-over] Fox Television, which broadcast the concert in the United States, treated the event as an entertainment special, according to Little Steven, censoring most of the commentary about Nelson Mandela and South Africa. Here are some of Little Steven's comments, before the singing of \"Sun City,\" that were carried on Westward One Radio but cut from the Fox Television broadcast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=266.18,285.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LITTLE STEVEN. American Musician: [July 18, 1988, in performance excluded from U.S. Broadcast] We the people will no longer tolerate the terrorism of the government of South Africa. We'll no longer do business with those who do business with the terrorist government of South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=285.09,304.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[on camera]: What they're saying to young people, you know, is we know what's best for you, you know. Don't worry about the political process. Don't worry about democracy and human rights. That's our job, you know. Why would American TV decide to censor it? My suspicions are that the sponsors might be involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=304.53,329.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHILLIP TOMLINSON, South Africa Now: [voice-over] So this year there will be no concert, at least not here in the U.S. And this upsets South African musician, Johnny Clegg. He says Americans will be the ones losing out. JOHNNY CLEGG, South African Musician: It's an indication that there is a serious crisis in media coverage of political events in Africa. I think that it's extremely misguided for somebody not to be covering this particular event in America. I think the American public are losing out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=329.23,360.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Natal's Civil War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=360.47,360.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROLYN CRAVEN, South Africa Now: Peace in Natal Province: that was the subject of high-level meetings between South Africa's President De Klerk and Nelson Mandela on April 5th. De Klerk also spoke separately with Chief Gatshe Buthelezi, whose Inkatha movement has been accused of fostering much of the violence. Nadja Smith reports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=360.63,378.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: [voice-over] Smoke rose from the valley as violence intensified between the Zulu-based Inkatha political organization and supporters of the African National Congress-aligned United Democratic Front. At least 30 people are dead and over 200 homes have been burned, with much of the violence reportedly coming from Zulu Inkatha gangs. The burning and looting took place, despite a visit by African National Congress Deputy President, Nelson Mandela. The African National Congress leader toured areas of devastated black townships around Pietermaritzberg. At a press conference, Mandela expressed shock at the devastation he saw first-hand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=378.88,418.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NELSON MANDELA, African National Congress Leader: It was an experience I hope never to see again. To see a man bent — killed, you know, by fire — and buried under debris was a very gruesome scene, indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=419.18,441.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: At the end of his visit, Mandela appealed for unity at a mass rally. Archbishop MANDELA: We are not fighting against Inkatha and its rebels, we are fighting against apartheid and against the partisans of racial repression. They must know that we have [unintelligible] make peace with us. One day, I hope that I will have the opportunity of speaking directly to them, to assure them that we are freedom fighters and our concern is the unity of our people, peace and harmony amongst us, in order that we direct all our attention against the evil policies of apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=441.87,499.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: But Mandela's call for restraint appeared to go unheeded, as new violence quickly spread. Some of the worst devastation took place at the black township of Emfumalangu, [sp?J outside of Pietermaritzberg. A resident of the township offered this eye-witness account.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=499.85,519.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOWNSHIP RESIDENT: [voice-over] There is nothing which is done by police to stop these people (who) are looting houses. Instead, they are helping them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=519.25,526.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMITH: With all the mortuaries filled to capacity and no sign of the violence ending, local authorities around Pietermaritzberg urgently called for food- freezer equipment to preserve the rising toll of cadavers, litis is Nadja Smith reporting for South Africa Now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=526.07,541.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Sebokeng Police Massacre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=541.49,542.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: A new date, May 2nd, has been set for the first formal talks between the ANC and the South African government. Previously set for April the 11th, police violence seemed to be behind the breakdown in negotiations, it raises questions, on the one hand, about the government's sincerity and, on the other, on its ability to control its police force.Themostrecentexampleofapolice massacre took place in a township called Sebokeng. We have footage and a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=542.12,571.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"report.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=571.99,572.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEBOKENG RESIDENT: The police came here, right in our location. Then, and removing police patrols out of the township. One young man, who participated in the march and lives in the township, talks about the terrible conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=573.55,580.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEBOKENG MALE YOUTH: The difficulty is that the township is dirty. The town council — the managment of the council does not take dirty things out of the township. There is no road, the roads are full of dust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=580.78,582.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WRIGHT: This man, who was shot several times during the massacre, shows us his wounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=582.3,582.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WOUNDED MALE: There was a bullet, then one of them hits here and then, the secondly, that one is here to me, on my leg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=582.9,583.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WRIGHT: These bullet wounds also shot a hole in the negotiating process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=583.9,584.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"postponing it for several weeks, prompting further government investigations. This is Tracy Wright, reporting for South Africa Now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=584.38,585.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: ANC's Future Plans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=585.1,585.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRAVEN: There have been many stories lately, reporting on problems within the ANC. Some quote various experts but few interview leaders of the organizan ever any warning or word, they just shoot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=585.26,584.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TRACY WRIGHT. South Africa Now: [voice-over] What started as a people protest turned into a bloody massacre, as police fired upon an unarmed crowd, killing at least 17 and injuring more than 400. The people in the township of Sebokeng were marching to present a list of demands to Parliament, stating their grievances. The memorandum listed major grievances in the township, such as affordable rent for housing, outlawing Bantu education, allowing blacks to attend white schools, lifting the state of emergency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=584.93,614.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tion about their problems and perspectives. We have done so, during Nelson Mandela's recent visit to Sweden. Phillip Tomlinson has more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=684.68,692.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHILLIP TOMLINSON. South Africa Now: [voice-over] When the ANC eventually meets with President De Klerk and the government ministers to discuss negotiations, the organization will be accompanied by members representing different areas of the movement, the military wing for example, headed by Chris Hani.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=692.99,711.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CHRIS HANI, Military Leader, African National Congress: We believe our people should highlight the question of a constituent assembly. Because we believe it is in that constituent assembly where the people are going to draw a new democratic constitution. We are saying to the government the question about bringing about changes in our country cannot be the responsibility of the government alone. It certainly cannot be the responsibility of the tricameral Parliament because the tricameral Parliament is undemocratic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=711.97,742.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: Nelson Mandela, the ANC's deputy president, will lead the delegation in the absence of ailing president, Oliver Tambo. And discussions will focus on the ANC's four pre-conditions to negotiations: allowing all exiles to return home; releasing all political prisoners; lifting the state of emergency, and ending political trials. Demands to which Pretoria will have to concede, says Trevor Manuel, leader of the United Democratic Front in Cape Town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=742.86,775.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TREVOR MANUEL United Democratic Front Leader: All of the demands of the Harare declaration, including for instance the lifting of the state of emergency, is a situation that De Klerk will be compelled to accept. We would insist that De Klerk is responding to initiatives taken by the people of TSOouMthLIANfSricOaNi:ngAenzeizralPanhdadt, heaAmNeCm.ber of the ANC's National Executive Committee, is among the thousands of exiles looking to return home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=775.32,807.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AZIZ PAHAD. African National Congress, Executive Committee: There can be no question of us returning because, according to the present situation, the definition of prisoners, the Internal Security Act, many of us will not be able to return unless they give us special dispensation — and we cannot accept that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=807.99,822.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: But while the ANC has unprecedented support at home and abroad, it now must face the challenge of mobilization, after being banned for 30 years. Former political prisoner, Ahmed Kathrada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=822.41,836.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AHMED KATHRADA, African National Congress, Leader: Our main thrust, now that we have been unbanned, is to consolidate this spirit and channelize it through our organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=836.14,847.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOMLINSON: And, as negotiations move forward, plans are underway for the ANC to set up its internal headquarters in Johannesburg, under the leadership of Walter Sisulu, one of the eight political prisoners released with Kathrada last October. For South Africa Now, this is Phillip Tomlinson, reporting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=847.76,867.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. CLEGG: Hi, this is Johnny Clegg, from Johnny Clegg in Sebokeng, and we wish South Africa Now a very great second birthday party. I wish you many, many more. [African phrase].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=868.53,886.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: You are watching South Africa Now, the television news magazine that goes behind the headlines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=886.77,894.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Depth: Apartheid's Homelands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=894.67,895.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: The military upheaval in the Homeland of Venda last week, is just o-called Homelands. What are the Homelands? How do more sign of the instability and protests sweeping through the Syouftiht Ainftroicath's system of apartheid? The answers are found in this South Africa Now background report.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=895.75,913.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[voice-over]: This lush landscape is proudly displayed by the South African government to the world. However, this country is foreign territory to the majority of South Africa's population. Exiles in their own land, almost 3.5 million blacks have been forcibly relocated over the past 30 years, many to 10 so-called self-governing Homelands. Dean Farisani comes from the Homeland of Venda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=916.69,941.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dean T.S. FARISANI. Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary: The word Homeland, to the uninitiated ear, uninformed ear, sounds romantic — Homeland. People talk of Homeland and it sounds great. You might think you're dealing with a noble concept, whereas you're dealing with the most ignoble — ignoble — concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=941.52,961.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: In fact these areas are human dumping grounds, also known as Bantustans, 18 percent of the country's most barren and isolated land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=961.79,970.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dean FARISAN1: The cream of what is South Africa is reserved in 87 percent of the land that is for whites and the desert, the crumbs of the land, is for black people. So, from the word go, this was doomed. The blacks would never accept such a deal, in fact, it's no deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=970.99,992.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: There are four Homelands which the government has declared independent. What this means is that Pretoria has stripped the residents of their South African citizenship and provides no social services in these areas. Nomazizi Sokudela grew up in the Transkei.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=992.49,1008.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NOMAZIZI SOKUDELA, African National Congress Representative: In fact we have, in the movement, variously referred to these areas and thd system itself, the system of dumping, as a prescription for genocide. Because\" these areas are without any sanitation, without any running water, without any health facilities, without any educational facilities, without employment. In fact, people are dumped in these areas to slowly die.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1008.1,1037.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: The statistics bear her out. This woman is drawing water from a tap used by 200 people. Forty percent of the deaths of children here result from malnutrition. In Buphuthatswana, there is only one doctor for 365,000 people. The problems of health care are compounded by the enforced separation of ethnic groups within the Homelands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1038.05,1061.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WOMAN WITH BABY: [from \"Re Tla Bona\" —translation] If we go to Metz hospital, we are turned away and told to go to a hospital in Gazankulu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1061.07,1062.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our own homeland. Many sick people have died on the way from one hospital to another. I know of children who have died on their mother's backs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1062.15,1063.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WOMAN IN RED HAT: [from \"Re Tla Bona\" —translation] We were all people living together but this system has divided us. A Sotho man could fall in love with a Shangaan woman and marry her. But now we don't love each other freely. It's not easy for a Shangaan person and a Sotho person to live together. I do not know what homeland our children belong to. I am married to a Sothoman but I am Shangaan. If they move the Shangaan people out of Lebowa, what will become of me? Will they separate me from my children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1063.61,1116.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: Critics say the Homelands were created as reserves for cheap labor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1116.6,1122.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. SOKUDELA: Men are contracted out to work for white companies in white South Africa. They might be gone for a year, for two years. They are not allowed to take their families along with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1123.05,1140.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dean FARISANI: The Homeland system is a way of balkanizing South Africa into labor reservoirs, where blacks could be crowded, where blacks who are not needed at a given time should be kept. Or it's also a place ^where^ after you've been used by the economic system, you can be dumped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1140.74,1167.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. SOKUDELA: What has happened is that the men, having to earn the meager wages that they are getting, are unable to at the same time support themselves in the city and be able to support their wives and children in the countryside. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1168.32,1187.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: Most of these women can't survive as farmers because of over¬crowding and the poor quality of the land. Women must find other ways to feed their children. Some work on white-owned farms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1187.98,1200.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. SOKUDELA: Now those who even get paid that rent — 50 cents — are lucky. Most of the time the farmers pay the farm hands in kind, which means that you get paid a bag of mill wheat.[?]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1200.56,1217.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: Others work in the Homelands factories. Paid as little as $10 a week, they are not protected by South Africa's minimum standards of employment and are forbidden to organize in labor unions. Their only alternative is to seek jobs as domestic workers for white, urban families, forcing them to leave their own children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1218.49,1236.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YOUNG WHITE WOMAN: [clip from \"Girls Apart\"] This is Julia. She's our maid and she has been staying with us for about three years. She stays here. She is married and has two children but they stay in the homeland and she visits them during holiday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1236.25,1248.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: One out of two men, and three out of four women, do not live with their families in the Homelands. The result: crime, truancy and hopelessness. Abandoned children, who should be in school, hang out in local beer halls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1249.01,1263.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. SOKUDELA: Children growing up in the Homeland without their mreostuhlterosu,t woifthsouucth their fathers, and you can imagine the social problems that neglect — neglect which is state imposed, by the way, be cause our people generally, like any other nation,lovefamilylife.Theylove normal life, just like any other nation. But this is denied — these basic rights that are denied to them in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1264.79,1298.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANNOUNCER: You are watching South Africa Now. Coming up next, our culture segment, featuring the best music, film, drama, and artistic expression, from Southern Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1300.18,1311.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEXTET OF SINGERS: [singing a capella] When you watch the news, watch South Africa Now, on TV, TV. Ay-ee. This is Tambal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1312.53,1337.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Culture: Speakeasies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1337.28,1337.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MWELI MZIZI, South Africa Now: Finally, in our culture segment this week, a look at an institution that non-South Africans may not be familiar with, the shebeens. Shebeens are illegal bars, the places where township folks go to relax and party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1337.36,1351.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[voice-over] If you lived here, a night on the town might mean going to the local pub or dance hall. But if you lived here, you would most likely go to a shebeen, the most popular place of entertainment in South Africa's many black townships. Excluded from white social clubs and bars, blacks established shebeens in private homes. ANC exile Themba Ntinga, remembers spending many hours in shebeens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1352.6,1384.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"THEMBA NTINGA. African National Congress Representative to the United Nations: A shebeen is what is called here a speakeasy, you know. These are places which developed during prohibition here in the United States. In South Africa, they were not because of prohibition, because there bibition of alcohol because, apparently, the white minority regime and the was no prohibition in South Africa — for white people. But there was prohibition for black people. In other words, we could not partake in the im¬","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1384.84,1409.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"white people of South Africa thought and felt that we were too childlike to be able to control ourselves. So this brought about the concept of the shebeen. MALE SHEBEEN CUSTOMER: We don't have bars. We don't have all the recreational facilities, you know, and as such, an owner of the house, an ordinary house, will buy liquor and sell it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1417.56,1443.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MZIZI: But the shebeen is more than just a drinking spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1443.66,1447.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. NTINGA: Shebeens were not only places of drinking. They are also places where people share political ideas, and they are places where you get to know what is happening — not only just in your neighborhoods but, you know, what's happening in other parts of the country. The people who owned the shebeens and worked in the shebeens were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1447.96,1466.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also taking action, they were participating actively in the political struggles which were taking place in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1466.74,1473.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MZIZI: While some shebeens are legal, most operate without a permit, their owners unable to pay heavy government tax.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1474.42,1481.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SHEBEEN OWNER: Before we were legalized, we never used to pay taxes. Every little profit we make [drowned out by music] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1481.47,1490.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. NTINGA: The South African racist regime has tried to discourage black enterprise as much as possible. You will find that the law says you can only have a place of business which is as large as 12-feet by 14-feet, you know, which is almost like impossible to have any thriving business in a situation of that size. Shebeens also have this problem and their problem, however, emanated! from the fact that their commodities were also illegal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1490.7,1523.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MZIZI: But despite frequent government harassment, the shebeen remains a home away from home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1523.86,1531.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SHEBEEN OWNER: The reason why shebeens are the best gathering and entertainment place is because people tend to get together more homely — like a family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1532.31,1545.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. NTINGA: Well, I hope what lies ahead for shebeens is that they stay there, you know. I would miss them very much if they were to go anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1545.61,1553.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KEKANA: That's our program for this week. We are grateful to our viewers who continue to respond to our financial crisis. For more information on the issues we cover, send a self-addressed, stamped, envelope to South Africa Now, P.O. Box 1907, Canal Street Station, New York, NY 10013. And, at that same address, you can order copies of the hour-long home video, Nelson Mandela, Free at Last. Send S14.95, check or money order. That address again is P.O. Box 1907, Canal Street Station, New York, NY 10013. Please allow several weeks for delivery. South Africa Now is produced by Globalvision, on a non-profit basis, in association with the Africa Fund, a tax-exempt organization providing assistance and relief to victims of apartheid. Thank you for joining us. On behalf of everyone on South Africa Now, I'm Fana Kekana, see you next week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037#t=1553.06,1622.32"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7142/file/40037/transcript/42560/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/042/560/original/transcript_1681315022.vtt20230412-260438-88k0wg?1681315022","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/042/560/original/transcript_1681315022.vtt20230412-260438-88k0wg?1681315022"}]}]}]}