{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sf2m61c13g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Episode N406, 1990 June 6"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1818 (EAD ID)","MS 1818  (Call Number)","ms_1818_b0098.mp4 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990 June 6 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The episode includes: South African leader Nelson Mandela's upcoming United States visit; South African Defense Force delegation meets with ANC military representatives; Black women domestic workers continue efforts to organize; Chimurenga music by Zimbabwean star Thomas Mapfumo. (Scope and Content Note)","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;0505b0e8-15f7-4f15-807c-285acab187ea (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Episode N406, 1990 June 6.South Africa Now Collection (MS 1818). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.\n\n https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/4528."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1537085"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["videocassettes_(u-matic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}}],"summary":{"en":["The episode includes: South African leader Nelson Mandela's upcoming United States visit; South African Defense Force delegation meets with ANC military representatives; Black women domestic workers continue efforts to organize; Chimurenga music by Zimbabwean star Thomas Mapfumo.","https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u00260505b0e8-15f7-4f15-807c-285acab187ea"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/045/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1wstrsd_1558470144.jpg?1558470147","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20190521-21464-1wstrsd.mp4v"]},"duration":1935.489,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/040/045/small/open-uri20190521-21464-1wstrsd_1558470144.jpg?1558470147","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/040/045/original/open-uri20190521-21464-1wstrsd.mp4v?1558470144","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1935.489,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1818_b0098_transcript.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transcript #13 Air Date: June 6, 1990 June 6,1990","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=0.0,97.77741"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SHEN TONG, Chinese Student Organizer: My name is Shen Tong. I was one of the student organizers last spring in Tiananmen Square. And I believe the South Africa's people's struggle is also for the freedom and basic human rights—the same struggle as we Chinese people struggled for, for a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=97.77741,115.799"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eANNOUNCER:\u003c/strong\u003e Globalvision presents the television news magazine of Southern Africa. Get ready for Mandela. From coast to coast, preparations are being made. We'll have the latest details. White children raised by black women, it's a widespread phenomenon and, now, South Africa's domestic workers are organizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=115.799,155.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SINDIWE MAGONA, Former Domestic Worker: Every morning, I get up, I am dressing white children. Who is dressing my children? Every morning, this white kid falls; I have to kiss it better. Who is kissing better for my children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=155.789,165.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eANNOUNCER:\u003c/strong\u003e And in our culture section, they call him the Lion of Zimbabwe, Thomas Mapfumo, and his music is called Chimurenga. He's the sound of the front line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=165.65,181.319"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"THOMAS MAPFUMO, South African Musician: The lyrics are militant, they teach, also very, very danceable. A lot of people can dance this type of music and forget about, I mean, their problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=181.319,194.219"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eANNOUNCER:\u003c/strong\u003e All of these stories, and more, this week. But first, the uncensored news with Carolyn Craven and Fana Kekana","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=194.219,201.629"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Update: U.S.A. Tour","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=201.629,201.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FANA KEKANA, South Africa Now: Assanibanan! The countdown has begun. All across the country, Mandela fever is breaking out as preparations continue for a massive reception for the ANC leader, who is due in the U.S. for a 10-day visit beginning June 20th. Mandela, who has been resting following minor surgery, will begin a six-week, 13-country tour this week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=201.84,222.319"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NELSON MANDELA, Deputy President, African National Congress: I feel on top of the world, and I'm looking forward to the trip with eagerness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=222.319,228.099"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CAROLYN CRAVEN, South Africa Now: Mandela's trip comes on the heels of President F.W. deKlerk's European tour, which Pretoria hopes will break its international isolation and speed the end of economic sanctions. Mandela is expected to call for a continuation of pressure on the South African regime. The tour includes Botswana, France, Switzerland, West Germany, Italy, Canada, and then the United States, where Mandela will meet with President Bush.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=228.099,255.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MANDELA:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. The American people have played an important role in the fight against apartheid. And I will thank him for that—I thank them for that. Also, the United States is the only country which has incorporated a measure in its legislation making it an offense to trade with South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=255.81,293.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Highlights also include meetings with two leaders who met deKlerk, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and French President Franfois Mitterrand. Mandela will also have an audience with the Pope, address the U.N. General Assembly, both Houses of Britain's Parliament and the United States Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=293.85,313.689"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more note, Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum in London will honor the ANC leader with a statue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=313.689,320.829"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RANDALL ROBINSON, Director, TransAfrica: Among the organizations most enthusiastically throwing their support behind Nelson Mandela's visit are American trade unions. And Mandela is recognizing the union support by scheduling appearances at the convention of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=320.829,348.379"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Employees in Miami, and meeting with the United Auto Worker's Union in Detroit. This mutual admiration has roots in the continuing alliance between the labor movement and the African National Congress in South Africa, where trade unions are a driving force in the anti-apartheid struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=348.379,364.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRANDALL RONINSON:\u003c/strong\u003e The Congress of South African Trade Unions has grown to have over one million members. Union leaders like Cyril Ramaposa, of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=364.73,373.029"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Union of Mine Workers, are important political Figures, as well. And they were instrumental in organizing the reception for Mandela inside the country. Mandela has responded by speaking frequently to the leading role that working people play in changing society. And in the U.S., workers have shown they can help. Mine workers have found common cause with miners there, leading the boycott of Shell Oil's continued presence in South Africa. Textile workers in New York have helped organize textile workers in Johannesburg. And the United Auto Workers focused world attention on the treason trial of South African union leader Moses Myakeso,[sp?] who faced life in prison for organizing workers. The South African government dropped the charges and freed Myakeso, in the face of the UAWs effort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=373.029,424.449"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For many years, labor unions have sung a song called \"Solidarity Forever.\" It's encouraging that some are putting the spirit of these words into action. That's my view, I'd like to know yours. I'm Randall Robinson of TransAfrica, for South Africa Now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=424.449,442.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Military Meeting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=442.18,442.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e While talks between the African National Congress and the government are moving slowly, South Africa Now has learned that military discussions are also underway. A delegation of South","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=442.579,453.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e Among the groups in this country which are playing a major role in preparation for Mandela's visit are labor unions. Randall Robinson explains the importance of their involvement in this week's South Africa Now commentary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=453.22,454.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A Randall Robinson Commentary: African Defense Force soldiers is meeting with leaders of the ANC's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=454.66,457.279"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military wing— Umkonto We Sizwe — or Spear of the Nation. These discussions are aiming at working out a ceasefire between the two long-time adversaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=457.279,468.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Natal Violence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=468.3,468.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e In a major blow to Inkatha, the tribalist movement led by Chief Gatshe Buthelezi, which has been involved in ongoing confrontation with the ANC inside South Africa, Buthelezi's number-two man, Oscar Dhlomo, has resigned. This is sad to me for family reasons but analysts believe that it's because of Dhlomo's objections to a possible alliance between the white supremist Conservative Party and Inkatha. Political analyst Ben Magubane spoke with us about the political significance before it was announced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=468.41,501.649"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inkatha Prof. BEN MAGUBANE, Political Analyst: You know, if the rumor that Oscar Dhlomo is going to resign as a minister are true, that will be the greatest blow ever suffered by Inkatha. [voice-over] I really don't see how it could continue to maintain its credibility, if Oscar Dhlomo, the secretary-general of Inkatha, could resign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=501.649,525.659"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"PHILLIP TOMLINSON, South Africa Now: [voice-over] Buthelezi's movement has been accused of fueling a conflict often labeled black-on-black.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=525.659,532.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human rights lawyer Nicholas Hayson., NICHOLAS HAYSON, Human Rights Lawyer: The notion of black-on-black violence has served to justify in people's minds the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=532.85,541.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state of emergency and the highly [unintelligible] of repression in South Africa, on the assumption that if there wasn't white rule, or the state of emergency, or the presence of the South African Defense Force, black social life would disintegrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=541.36,556.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eTOMLINSON:\u003c/strong\u003e claimed more lives. A union organizer in the area, Willies Mchunu, says this violence could obstruct peaceful negotiations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=556.62,569.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WILLIES MCHUNU, Natal Project Organizer, Congress of South African Trade Unions: If this violence continues, clearly we cannot claim to have a climate conducive to negotiations. And it is one of the reasons why it has been viewed by both the African National Congress, COSATU and the UDF, that it is necessary that the state has a very great role in bringing about an end to that violence. And we believe they have the ability to do it; it's just that they lack the will to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=569.789,601.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eTOMLINSON:\u003c/strong\u003e For South Africa Now, this is Phillip Tomlinson reporting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=601.6,606.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newsline: Natal Indian Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=606.69,607.049"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Also from Natal, the Natal Indian Congress, which was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1896, has announced plans to disband, in order to become part of the ANC. South Africa's Indian community numbers almost one million and has long played a leading Meanwhile, in Natal Province, fighting has a role in the anti-apartheid struggle. Gandhi initiated his first experiment's satiagra, or non-violence, as working as a lawyer in South Africa, before his return to India in 1914. Journalist and historian Al- lister Sparks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=607.049,639.389"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALLISTER SPARKS, South African Journalist: They were a tiny group but their importance, their political importance has been far beyond their size. And that was because of Mahatma Gandhi, who spent 21 years of his early life in South Africa. And that is where he evolved his satiagra movement, the force of truth movement that led to the founding of his Indian Congress and, in effect, began the global campaign for decolonization that swept like a ground swell through the Third World, after World War II. Gandhi started that in South Africa. The great irony is that the Third World's revolution, and its campaign for recognition, and independence, and freedom, began in South Africa and will achieve its victory last in South Africa; It will be the last place where it will triumph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=639.389,694.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frontline Focus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=694.97,695.279"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e Last week, we told you about violent demonstrations that left 150 people dead when government troops attacked students on a univeristy campus in Lubumbashi, Zaire. In this week's frontline focus, we have obtained an eye-witness account of the massacre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=695.279,711.419"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWITNESS:\u003c/strong\u003e [through interpreter] The students were murdered by forcing them to jump through the windows, or by throwing them through the window, by stabbing them with bayonets, or by strangling them with cords. Furthermore, I've seen people who were severely mutilated, whose body parts were severed and who had severe stab wounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=711.419,732.039"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From very confidential source, I know that 150 to 200 people are killed and taken away in a truck. People have seen at least three trucks full of bodies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=732.039,742.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Covering the Coverage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=742.44,743.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e In our covering the coverage section this week, a talk with New York Times columnist Anthony Lewis, who frequently writes about Southern Africa. Lewis was in South Africa earlier this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=743.32,754.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ANTHONY LEWIS, Columnist, \"New York Times\": I was there just now in March and April. It was the first time I was able to get a visa for seven years — the reason was simply that the government didn't like what I wrote. That's very simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=754.98,765.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NADJA SMITH, South Africa Now: [voice-over] Lewis, a longtime critic, says that he is impressed about the prospects for change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=765.59,770.879"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e LEWIS:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. [voice-over] I think it's true that I'm more optimistic. [on camera] I began feeling that way last September, when the new President, deKlerk, allowed that march to take place in Cape Town, which may not seem like much to Americans but in South African terms is quite amazing — the first time in 30 years that any such march had been permitted. And then other things followed and it began to look to me as though deKlerk was serious about wanting to have a negotiation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=770.879,802.539"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSMITH:\u003c/strong\u003e The Times columnist also offered his views on why there isn't more coverage from the region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=802.539,809.139"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e LEWIS:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. There's a fault, endemic in American journalism, of a short attention span. When Nelson Mandela is released, he's on television and his face is everywhere and everybody is concerned. And, you know, five minutes later: who? It's all over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=809.139,824.639"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eANNOUNCER:\u003c/strong\u003e You're watching South Africa Now, the television news magazine that goes behind the headlines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=824.639,831.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Depth: Domestic Workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=831.35,832.009"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the ironies of life under apartheid is that white children are raised by black domestic workers. And now, as we report in this special labor watch segment, these women are organizing. South Africa Now spoke with former domestic workers and trade union activists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=832.009,850.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e [voice-over] They call themselves the makaboka, slaves. They are the women who clean the homes of white families in South Africa, who prepare their meals and care for their children. Living apart from their own families in their employers' backyards, they occupy rooms without heat or electricity and work up to seven days a week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=850.72,868.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SINDIWE MAGONA, Former Domestic Worker: And if they would have a specific thing that maybe Monday is for doing the laundry and Tuesday is for ironing. And then Wednesday will be for doing baths.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=868.07,877.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The largest number of paid black women workers are domestic laborers, many seeking a way to support their families in rural areas. They are paid as little as $8 for working as many as 80 hours a week. Dismissed as non-productive workers by the government, these women remain unprotected by labor regulations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=877.129,896.139"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MYRTLE WITDOR, South African Domestic Worker's Union: If you become a domestic worker in South Africa, you are actually a non-existent worker. You are like a ghost. You are existing in a house where nobody will take note of your problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=896.139,906.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In the play, You Strike the Woman, You Strike the Rock, produced by domestic workers themselves, they express their frustration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=906.47,915.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traditionally, the domestic workers could not bring any of her family to her small room, although in the last two years, there have been some changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=915.59,942.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e WITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. So what happens, your child will grow up with your mother and father. She won't call you mommy, she will call you on your name because she don't regard you as a mother, because your mother is giving her all the love. [voice-over] When I had my second child, I had a choice. The authorities said either my husband can stay with me or my child, but both of them can't stay with me. [on camera] That was against the breaking up of my relation¬","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=942.08,965.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ship with my husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=965.33,966.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NOMEGCOBO SANGWENI, Daughter of Domestic Worker: [voice-over] This is a typical South African situation, where mothers leave their children with 12- and 13-year-olds. [on camera] And this results, in most cases, in the delinquency, artificially created delinquency, of children not going to school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=966.36,983.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[voice-over] And the only time that you saw your mother was on Thursdays. [on camera] At times, I felt a tinge of jealousy when our mother came home and would tell us about these children. And I thought Mama done loved the boss's children more tha nme.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=983.12,997.679"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAGONA:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. [voice-over] Every morning I get up, I am dressing white children. Who is dressing my children? Every morning this white kid falls, I have to kiss it better. Who is kissing better for my children? [on camera] Every time when they come to school, I am waiting there with a big smile on my face. Who is minding for my children? If something happens, you know, that wasn't quite nice to them at school, they come and tell me. I am listening — I have to listen to them and make tut-tut noises and make them feel better. Who is doing that for my children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=997.679,1026.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NOMVULA MOKONNYANE, Trade Union [voice-over] The black woman, the domestic worker, they are the ones who bring up most of the white people's children. [on camera] And at the end of the day, those children that they brought up are the ones who are going back to the townships where these women have left their own kids. [voice-over] And they are beseiging the townships, beseiging the schools, and they shoot at those little children. And the very woman is still expected to come and serve that white family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1026.45,1058.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e While some Afrikaaner families may blatantly abuse their domestic workers, other European employers believe they treat their servants humanely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1058.7,1067.849"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAGONA:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. This is a favorite South African, you know, saying. You know, white people going around saying that their servants have become part of the family. Who goes to get a job to be adopted? [voice-over] How appalling it is that, you know, people work and they work for people who actually think of themselves as doing a favor to the black woman that they employ them. [on camera] You hear white women, over and over again, saying, \"Oh, but if we didn't employ domestic servants, then they would starve.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1067.849,1097.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. What I mean by the so-called liberalist lawyers—they are sweet and they are nice, but in the meantime, they're using you to work until 11 o'clock, 12 o'clock at night. And this is basically what I mean. You know, they can be nice but exploiting you in a nice way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1097.4,1111.069"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e But the real issue for these women is to be considered not servants, but as workers with rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1111.069,1116.319"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e WITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Organizer Ms. You find a lot of employers will dismiss a domestic worker by telling her this morning, \"I think you must pack your bag and you must go.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1116.319,1124.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAGONA:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. I remember when I left one woman I was working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1124.329,1128.519"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for, she wouldn't give me my pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1128.519,1130.819"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In order to fight collectively to overcome these oppressive working conditions, the South African Domestic Worker's Union, SADWU, was formed in 1986 by the domestic workers themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1130.819,1142.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e WITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. You see, in our union, you have to feel the fate of being a domestic worker, to know what they want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1142.5,1148.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e SADWU set up advice centers in the street, in parks, in women's rooms, and in church halls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1148.579,1154.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e WITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. When they come to us, we tiy to explain to them a union is not just a place to come for a grievance. [voice-over] A union is a place where you must fight. And we start educating them on the union rights and why they must fight. And they must not just fight for unfairly dismissal and money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1154.49,1171.349"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The Domestic Worker's Union also empowers women through education, teaching some to read and write, and also encourages domestic workers to stand up to their employers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1171.349,1181.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MARGARET NHLAPO, South African Domestic Worker's Union: Some domestic workers are very fearful. [on camera] They have been so very much exploited, to the extent that they are only concerned about earning a wage and supporting their children. [voice-over] They are scared to join trade unions. Their problem is that isolation is their biggest problem. Because, you see, domestic workers are working individual. [on camera] Whereas in other workers, they are working in group things. So that's our problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1181.99,1212.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Despite these difficulties, over 70,000 women have joined SADWU, their agenda, legislation guaranteeing them a fixed working day, paid holidays, health and unemployment benefits, and compensation for injuries on the job. SADWU has also joined the Congress of South African Trade Unions' campaign for a living wage. But trade union organizers still contend with hostility from white madames.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1212.17,1237.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWITDOR:\u003c/strong\u003e Ms. But some employers sometimes put you off the premises. Some employers put the dogs on you. Some employers tell their domestic workers that they will get killed if they belong to our union because just after we moved in to our new building, it was bombed, with the result that the domestic worker becomes scared and she don't — also don't really want to join this union, which is a political union. [voice-over] She don't realize that by political we mean that she","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1237.339,1262.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must fight for a living. We can't wait for the government. We can't wait for the, you know, anybody — authorities to change it for us. We have to change it ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1262.24,1271.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eANNOUNCER:\u003c/strong\u003e You are watching South Africa Now. Coming up next, our culture segment, featuring the best music, film, drama and artistic expression from Southern Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1271.47,1283.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Culture: Chimurenga Music","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1283.95,1284.069"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MWELI MZIZI, South Africa Now: In our culture segment this week, the hottest music from the frontline. It's called chimurenga music, pioneered by Thomas Mapfumo. One of Zimbabwe's greatest musical stars, Mapfumo was an important figure in that country's war of liberation and he remains a pivotal force, on the 10th anniversary of Zimbabwe's independence. [voice-over] During the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe, people danced to the underground rhythms of the new and outlawed music called Chimurenga. The founder of the form was Thomas Mapfumo, himself a prisoner in colonial Rhodesia. After independence, chimurenga music came above ground and, with its new sound, joined in shaping the new Zimbabwean society. Here is the man they call the Lion of Zimbabwe, Thomas Mapfumo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1284.069,1338.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"THOMAS MAPFUMO, South African Musician: The word chimurenga means the liberation struggle. This is the reason why this music is called chimurenga. The reason is simple. It's because the music was born out of the liberation struggle and we all decided to call the type of music chimurenga music. [voice-over] And in the area there is article where actually the colonized [unintelligible] when we were dancing to a lot of foreign tunes, foreign music, rock-and-roll, everything, to South African type of music, and rhumba music from Zaire. [oncamera] That was not bad at all but then too much of Western music was bad, I mean, for our people, because this type of music was actually trying to sort of drive our people away from their own culture, here. But then when I stepped in was the time everyone started realizing where they came from, who were they. And they tried to search for their identity and they found out that this type of music was their culture. And this is the reason why the music got so popular with our own people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1338.49,1416.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMZIZI:\u003c/strong\u003e [SOBs, New York City, November 14, 1989] But popularity with the people meant the colonial authorities were now aware of this sound, as well. Instead of moving up the charts, Thomas Mapfumo was moved behind bars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1416.67,1430.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAPFUMO:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. [voice-over] I was actually put into detention because of this type of music. [on camera] Well, then that didn't worry me because I was fighting a war. Yes, our people were the oppressed and so I wanted to see our people free from the bondage. And I actually didn't get worried about myself being arrested. They found a fighter in me because I was able to sort of make this type of music the voice of the poor people and I never hesitated to sort of, I mean, point out where an error of mistakes that were being made by the government of that day. I was not afraid to say out things like that. So this is the reason why they called me maybe the Lion of Zimbabwe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1430.24,1489.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMZIZI:\u003c/strong\u003e For the Lion of Zimbabwe, the liberation movement that he wrote the soundtrack for is doing fine in the government of Robert Mugabe's independent nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1489.2,1506.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAPFUMO:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. [voice-over] Of course we say, you know, the country is finally, I mean, liberated. [on camera] Because the government of the day was elected by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1506.44,1516.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people. And it is also the people who have the right to discredit this government if they don't like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1516.89,1529.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMZIZI:\u003c/strong\u003e Thomas Mapfumo sees Zimbabwe as an example for neighboring South Africa, as a non-racial society where different people coexist peacefully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1529.68,1537.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAPFUMO:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Today, in Zimbabwe, we live like brothers and sisters, where the same people who were fighting against us, we actually walk side by side. We can mix, we can do things together. We can work together. We can work in the same offices. So this is the same thing that the black people are fighting for in South Africa. They are not fighting to actually chase the white man out of South Africa. They want to live together, as brothers and sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1537.43,1578.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMZIZI:\u003c/strong\u003e And how would the founding father of chimurenga like to be remembered?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1578.92,1591.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e MAPFUMO:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. When I die, I would like this music to be played forever and ever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1591.329,1596.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e [voice-over] Speak out about South Africa. South Africa Now's new Hotline Number is your chance to be heard. Call 1-900-535-NEWS. The cost is $4; $3 goes for the transcript of the program and $1 goes for administrative costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1596.71,1618.799"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hotline: Viewer's Voices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1618.799,1619.029"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e We received a number of calls from viewers across the country. Here are some of the comments phoned in last week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1619.029,1625.059"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. OSMOND, Rockville Centre, New York: [voice-over] I am a former South African living in exile in the United States. I would like to see your program making a list of industries that are currently supporting and doing business with South Africa or South African firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1625.059,1638.089"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. JEE, St. Albans, New York: [voice-over] The most important episode that I've watched thus far and one that touched me deeply, showed children playing [unintelligible] and drinking polluted water, that was a direct result of poisonous run-off from a U.S. chemical waste dump, situated in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1638.089,1655.009"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. ISSACS, Oceanside, New York: [voice-over] The unrealistic South African TV ads which include so-called middle-class blacks, can be divisive in South Africa, as well as continue the misinformation that's been given around the world about apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1655.009,1674.809"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eKEKANA:\u003c/strong\u003e Each week, we will listen to the comments and you may hear your message in your own voice on next week's newscast. We'll print many more as an appendix to the transcript for this program. South Africa Now is produced by Globalvision, on a non-profit basis, in association with the Africa Fund, a tax-exempt organization providing assistance and relief to victims of apartheid. On behalf of everyone on South Africa Now, I'm Fana Kekana, see you next week. ANNOUNCER: For a transcript of this program, send $3 to South Africa Now Transcripts, c/o Journal Graphics, Inc., 267 Broadway, New York, NY 10007. To order by credit card, call (212) 227-READ. Rush service is available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1674.809,1726.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCRAVEN:\u003c/strong\u003e If it's on New York's mind, it's on New York's station. That's why WNYC is committed to presenting programs dealing with the major issues of our time. And at no other time has South Africa been more in the forefront of the media than now. I'm Carolyn Craven, if you appreciate the thought-provoking, in-depth news analysis on South Africa Now, show your support by becoming a WNYC member now. Just call the toll-free number, 1-800-292-WNYC. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045#t=1726.2,1813.009"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/50/collection_resources/7150/file/40045/transcript/67495/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/067/495/original/transcript_1717499258.vtt20240604-172609-nkbkqd.vtt20240604-172609-nkbkqd?1717484858","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/067/495/original/transcript_1717499258.vtt20240604-172609-nkbkqd.vtt20240604-172609-nkbkqd?1717484858"}]}]}]}