{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sb3ws8j08b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["\"American Conceptions on the Problem of International Order,\" Government 180: Principles of International Politics, Harvard University, 1968 March 27"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b0916_0001.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audiotape_reels"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1968 March 27 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;5b12cd46-8c69-41e1-8647-a849f2c545b8 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076702"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\"American Conceptions on the Problem of International Order,\" Government 180: Principles of International Politics, Harvard University, 1968 March 27. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u00265b12cd46-8c69-41e1-8647-a849f2c545b8"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20200303-3371-xdsar1.mpga"]},"duration":3096.71181,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/159/original/open-uri20200303-3371-xdsar1.mpga?1583230273","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3096.71181,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0916_0001_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e I, personally, am against hour exams, my associates are four-hour exams.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e They're graduate students, what do you expect?\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And I think to compromise we will make, instead, we will count the hour exam only if your grade is higher than the final. So your risks were not very great, and what you have to see-\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\u003e\u003e You haven't seen the final yet, so it-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Maybe automatic that every grade must be that. [COUGH]\nNow, [COUGH] let me go back to [COUGH] the problems of the international system as it emerged during World War II. [COUGH] Part of the difficulty was structural.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=36.0,76.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nInevitably, the formula of unconditional surrender meant the elimination of Germany and Japan from any international equilibrium. And therefore, quite apart from any ideological differences, a certain amount of tension was almost inevitable. The problem of organizing an international system, especially, in Europe without Germany, would have been complicated in the best of circumstances.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=76.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[COUGH] Because it would've involved, in any event, a rearrangement of traditional concepts of international order. And of the main elements, or of the main components of the international system. [COUGH] The problem was not made any easier by the fact that for the first time in history, foreign policy was becoming worldwide.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=116.0,147.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo that these various statesmen had to keep considerations of every part in the globe in mind. Communications had become, nearly, instantaneous. So the decisions had to be much more rapid and a new weapons technology was posing extraordinary risks, but I will deal with those problems on some other occasion.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=147.0,175.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, what I want to talk about today is the impact of American conceptions on the problems of international order. Because for the first time after World War II and during World War II, the United States gave up its traditional isolationism on a permanent basis. The United States was found to emerge as the strongest single country in the world after World War II.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=175.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore, what we thought about the nature of international order and [COUGH] the relationship of the various factors of the international system to which other became extremely crucial. Now, [COUGH] I think that as one looks at American foreign policy from the beginning of World War II onward or from the beginning of our involvement in World War II onward.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=210.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAlmost any criticism you can make will have some validity.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e It is true that there have been periods in which the United States has been exclusively preoccupied with notions of power. And therefore, one can find many examples where the United States concentrated on the physical amassing of power to the exclusion of everything else.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=244.0,278.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe period during World War II when war seemed to become an end in itself. The period between 1947 and 61, and particularly between 1950 and 1961, when containment was seen in entirely physical terms. But I think it is also true that one can distinguish periods in which [COUGH] foreign policy was seen entirely as an exercise of goodwill.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=278.0,316.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd [COUGH] the solution of international difficulties was identified with good personal relations among statesmen or the establishment of international law in the abstract. Or the rejection of power as inherently wicked. This would be, for example, the period between 1943 and 1945 as far as Soviet-American relations were concerned.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=316.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe spirits of summit diplomacy in the 1950s when after having talked for ten years or eight years about godless communism and the dangers of aggression. A suddenly great reassurance was drawn from the personal relationship between Khrushchev and Eisenhower, and later less significantly between Kennedy and Khrushchev. [COUGH] And these trends seemed to be not to be due to the personal aberrations of individuals.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=350.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut they seemed to reflect a rather [COUGH] common thread in America and thinking about international politics at least since World War I. There's, for example, the threat that international order depends on international law, but international law should be seen by analogy to domestic law. [COUGH] So for example, Wilson said during World War I, we're not trying to keep out of trouble, we're trying to preserve the foundations upon which peace can be rebuilt.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=392.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd peace can be rebuilt only upon the ancient foundations of international law. Stimson said at the end of the war, the time is surely coming when an international law and act of aggression by one nation upon another will be regarded as an offense against the community of nation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=437.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nJust as in the development of municipal law, a homicide had become an offense against the state, instead of merely a matter of redress by the victim's family. [COUGH] Roosevelt developed similar themes in which he insisted that That World War II was a war not fought for expediency, not for considerations of power, but to reestablish a principle of law.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=459.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd John Foster Dulles, when we was trying to explain the basis of American foreign policy, said, we seek honestly to try to follow policies that will sustain the basic principles of rule of law. Thus reacted in 1956 in relation to Suez for precisely the same reasons that led us to act as we did in 1958 in relation to Lebanon, namely to support, as we saw it, the principles of international law.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=495.0,524.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd George Paul a few years ago said, it will be difficult for other countries to understand that American foreign policy is not based on a conception of interest, but on a conception of responsibility. And then he pointed out that there wouldn't be any world peace until other nations had developed equally elevated conceptions, and would give up their notions of interest to a notion of responsibility.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=524.0,561.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe corollary of this, of course, is that the balance of power is inherently wicked, and [COUGH] that, [COUGH] And that it produces wars. Again, Wilson said, the present war is not a struggle for the balance of power. Only a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe. There must be not a balance of power, but a community of power, not organized rivalries, but an organized conception of the common peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=561.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, again, I could give you quotations from Hull and Roosevelt which say exactly the same thing. And it is interesting that even John Foster Dulles was going to enormous lengths to demonstrate that the alliances he was creating were not traditional alliances, but a collective security system. That they were directed not against any particular group of nations, but against aggression as such.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=601.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSpeaking of SEATO he said, SEATO is directed against no government, against no nation, and against no people, it is directed only against aggression. If the Communists find that objectionable, it only reveals their ambitions. [COUGH] And so it was with every pact that the United States entered. They were all described not as alliances, which is what they were in any traditional sense, but as collective security arrangements, which gave them the characteristic of [COUGH]\nan abstract legal commitment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=628.0,672.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor example, secretary Rusk said, a few years ago, we have no quarrel, American quarrels, with the Communists anyway. All our quarrels are on behalf of other people, [COUGH] which is tremendously reassuring, I'm sure.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e For countries that depend on us. [COUGH] And [COUGH] this explains the fact that we always have gone to enormous lengths to say, to try to demonstrate, that we are fighting for a legal commitment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=672.0,713.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe're fighting in Vietnam to honor a legal commitment under the SEATO treaty, not American interest, although there the argument has been more confused. [COUGH] Alliances as collective security, balance of power as inherently wicked. All of this was expressed in a document which Secretary Hull, in March 1944, submitted as explaining the basis of American foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=713.0,756.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis document, and it was under various headings, of which the major ones were as follows. One was international cooperation. And that read, cooperation between nations in the spirit of good neighbors, founded on the principles of liberty, equality, justice, morality, and law is the most effect method of safeguarding and promoting the well-being of all nations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=756.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTwo, political differences. Political differences which present a threat to the peace of the world should be submitted to agencies, which would use the remedies of discussion, negotiation, conciliation, and good offices. Three, International Court of Justice. Disputes of a legal character which present a threat to the peace of the world should be adjudicated by an International Court of Justice, whose decisions would be based upon application of principles of law.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=780.0,808.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSpheres of influences and alliances. There will no longer be need for spheres of influence, for alliances, for balance of power, or any other of the special arrangements. Through which, in the unhappy past, the nations strove to safeguard their security or to promote their interest. And, let's see if I can find my friend John Foster Dulles somewhere.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=808.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Cuz another recurrent theme of our foreign policy thinking is that we have discovered the true nature of international politics, and that it is time for other nations to follow our example. I can't follow this quote right now, but he was very fond of saying that the process of international relations is really a process of enlightenment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=838.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd other nations have to understand that the old approach to international relations has totally failed and has to be replaced by notions of rule of law, international conciliation, and so forth. Now, it would be tempting to say all of this was terribly hypocritical, that our actions were one thing and our professions were another.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=868.0,892.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut one of the, [COUGH] I think it is safe to say that most policymakers are too busy to be able to lie consistently. Most of them say-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Most of them say essentially what they mean. What they mean may be trivial, superficial, unhistorical, any other adjective you want to apply to it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=892.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut I would think that these notions of an international system based on conceptions of law, of the wickedness of the balance of power, of alliances really as a system of world order, were really quite sincerely held by most American policymakers. And the result was an uneasy oscillation between applying our remedies for international peace, which we tended to identify With relations of good will and confidence, and our relations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=922.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd our notion for how to deal with the disturber of the peace, which we drew mostly from World War II. Because obviously if these maxims were correct. If peace resulted from this particular, if peace had no physical component, that is you didn't need a balance of power for peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=968.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf you could organize the international community on the basis of law in the abstract. Then if there were tensions, it had to be due to wickedness, illegality and to a profound tendency towards aggression. Therefore again I'm applying fairly literally the relations of the World War II feeling with Hitler.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=992.0,1028.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe assumption was that the only way peace could be preserved, if it could not be preserved by the Max Maxims that I described earlier, had to be by the Maxims of accumulating physical power. There has been throughout the post-war period an enormous reluctance to confront structural problems of the international order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1028.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr to explain how one could relate the problem of peaceful change to the insistence on international law. Because law, in the best of circumstances has a tendency to protect the status quo. And is therefore very difficult to apply in a revolutionary period. The tendency to reject considerations of equilibrium in the abstract meant that when power was used, it tended to become an end in itself.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1057.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor example General Marge, the chief of staff in the US Army, in submitting the military budget for 1919 said this program was framed on its merits. Without any relationship whatever to national politics or international politics.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And General Marshall, 30 years later said, I would never recommend risking American lives for political objectives.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1094.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI suppose he would only risk them from military objectives. Now the tendency of this was that in periods when diplomacy was exalted. There was a great reluctance to face the power aspects of international relations. And in periods when power was applied there was a great difficulty of finding its relationship to foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1132.0,1168.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd this came to expression in what do grew to be the dominant American view after disillusionment of the mediate post vote period. Namely the policy of containment. Now the disillusionment was in itself had hardly a narcissistic element. A feeling that only wickedness could produce tension after all our good will.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1168.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhile on the other hand, for a man like Stalin, it was extraordinarily difficult to deal with a country. Which would engage in abstract protestations of good will but was reluctant to reduce its notions of a post-war period to any concrete expression. And which tried to rest the international system on good relations among the leading statesmen in the abstract.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1205.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[COUGH] Be that as it may, the position of the policy of containment was based on the proposition that before one could negotiate, one had to accumulate power. And one had therefore to look at foreign policy as successive faces. Secretary Acheson said what we must do is create positions of strength.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1233.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd if we create that strength there will come about a difference in the negotiating position of the parties. And out of that there should come a willingness on the side of the Kremlin to recognize the facts. Now there are a number of assumptions behind this theory which seem to me peculiarly American.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1263.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne, the notion that if the Communists were intransigent that they were committed to aggression in the Hitlerian style at all costs. And that the transformation of their system was bound to come about after we had created positions of strength. Since they would no doubt not be able to stop their policy of aggression.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn other words, there was never any consideration of the problem of just how the position of strength was going to be conveyed to the other side. And most American statesmen would have been absolutely shocked if you had told them that their formulations were bound to be read by suspicious Soviet Union as threatening.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1320.0,1345.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nCuz how else could we get the Soviet Union to negotiate? Unless with at least threatened to use the position of strength. We didn't use a position of strength. And if the Soviet Union did not engage in an act of aggression, then all the containment policy did was to confirm.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1345.0,1361.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe status quo physically by creating two military blocks. Also, the policy showed a lack of ability to relate potential strength to actual strength. It's true in 1947, when we developed the containment policy. That there were many more Soviet Divisions than there were American Divisions. And if you had a foreign policy we're simply the counting of Divisions, the Soviet Union had an enormous superiority.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1361.0,1401.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the other hand the Soviet Union had just suffered about 15 to 20 million dead in World War II. The United States had an atomic monopoly. The American industrial strength was incomparably superior to that of the Soviet Union. The real sanction we had against Soviet aggression during that period was the declaration of war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1401.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd not how many divisions we had available at any given moment. There was no conceivable way. Even without nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union could have won a war with the United States in 1947. And indeed, there's no conceivable way in which the Soviet Union would have risked a war with the United States in 1947.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1432.0,1456.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBy insisting on building up our actual strength, we're in no position to take advantage, diplomatically, of what was probably the greatest disparity of strength that has ever existed between the Soviet Union and the United States. And from that point of view, containment in the '40s and early '50s was really a time-wasting policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1456.0,1488.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nA policy which enabled us to avoid the question of what sort of international system we really wanted to create. There was never a good moment to negotiate if you had to insist that you first had to build up a situation of strength, because you could always see some more strengths further down the road.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1488.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nA problem which is very similar to what we have often faced in Vietnam, I don't recall an instance where anyone asked people in Saigon when would be a good time to negotiate. They didn't say the best time to negotiate would be six months from whenever you were asking them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1519.0,1540.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause it is always possible to prove through specific programs how they will create an additional degree of power. The other difficulty that arose was by emphasizing the physical component at one face and the diplomatic one at another. It was impossible to draw any real strength from either of them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1540.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis was shown partly during the Korean War when at first, after the landing of Inchon, we decided to change our objective and started heading north, thereby really creating an incentive for the other side to come in. We couldn't negotiate when we were winning, and then we couldn't negotiate when we were losing.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1585.0,1611.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then when we did start negotiating, we stopped military operations, thereby removing the incentive that they might have had for settling in 1951 and producing two years of rather inconclusive negotiations. And it's also shown by the attitude which was reflected during, for example, the Geneva Summit meeting. By 1955, American foreign policy for eight years have been guild to the stopping of communism.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1611.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor eight years, communism had been described as equivalent to Nazism. The Eisenhower Administration had come into office in part because it had maintained that the Democrats were soft on communism. And yet, at the first summit meeting, what happened? Eisenhower, before he even went there, he said, many post-war conferences have been characterized too much by attention to detail, by an effort to work on specific problems rather than establish the spirit and attitude with which we should approach them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1651.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen the various newspapers engaged in an orgy of self-congratulation. The New York Times, with the perspicacity, which it has maintained since-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Said no one would want to underestimate the change in the Russian attitude. But it remains to President Eisenhower's achievement that he comprehended the change, he ceased the opening and turned it to the advantage of world peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1696.0,1727.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe occasion was in fact made from Mr. Eisenhower. Other men might have played strength against strength. Now, this is after 80 years of containment. It was Mr. Eisenhower's gift to draw others into the circle of his goodwill and to modify the attitudes of the little band of visitors from the other side of the.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1727.0,1748.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Then the Herald Tribune said it is an intense sense of relief which unites President Eisenhower with President. He wasn't a president, it didn't matter.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Neither ever conceived that his own country would launch a war, but each giant was quite convinced that the other giant was capable of doing so.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1748.0,1772.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Cold War was suddenly called off at Geneva because both sides recognized that these suspicions were entirely unfounded.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]. Life magazine said.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].\n\u003e\u003e In a very American [INAUDIBLE]. Now, the chief result of the Geneva conference is so simple and breathtaking that cynics and still question it, and Americans find it a little difficult to grasp.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1772.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe championship of peace has changed hands. In the mind of Europe, which judges this unofficial title, it has passed from Moscow to Washing. And to show that this attitude was not confined to the United States, McMillan, who was then foreign secretary in Britain, made his contribution. He said, why did this meeting send a thrill of hope and expectation around the world?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1804.0,1837.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt wasn't that the discussions were especially remarkable. It wasn't that they reached any very sensational agreement. It wasn't really what they did or said, which traditionally,\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].\n\u003e\u003e This would have been a rather good definition of failure in traditional development.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].\n\u003e\u003e What struck the imagination of the world was the fact of the friendly meeting between the heads of the two groups into which the world is divided.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1837.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThese men, carrying their immense burdens, met, and talked, and joked together like ordinary human beings.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The Geneva spirit meant seeing the other man's point of view. I cannot help thinking that last summer's idle was not a vague or sham affair. Well, within a year, there was a Suez Crisis, there was the Hungarian Uprising.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1866.0,1901.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was in three years. It was the Berlin Ultimatum, which, however, produced another orgy of personal diplomacy when Khrushchev visited the United States And when again one could find newspaper and official comments to the effect that the good personal relations that were being established between Eisenhower and Khrushchev would help produce the peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1901.0,1938.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow the interesting aspect here is the move from the conviction of irreconcilable hostility to the conviction that one conference was going to settle all disputes. The argument on the one hand that a settlement with the Soviet Union was utterly impossible because it was ruled by wicked men. And on the other hand, the notion that as long as you got the heads of state together it didn't really matter what they worked on.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1938.0,1979.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAs long as they came to some agreement, this agreement would contribute to a relaxation of tension. As a result, much of the diplomacy related to summit meetings dealt with such issues as consular treaties, cultural exchange. The sort of thing that junior officials in foreign ministries really are capable of dealing.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1979.0,2006.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause it was thought that the fact of an agreement was more important than the substance of the agreement. On the other hand, as soon as tensions became very strong again, we would revert to the posture of intransigent hostility. With the result that during periods of tension, such as during the Berlin Crisis or during periods such as the Vietnam War.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2006.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMuch of the debate in the United States concerns the issue of whether we should negotiate at all. One school of thought holding that the opponent is inherently evil and that it's absolutely useless to negotiate with them. Another group seeing in the fact of negotiation, an end in itself.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2043.0,2066.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut both groups being enormously reluctant to discuss just what it is that one might negotiate about. And throughout the post-war period for example, leaving the Vietnam war aside now, which we'll discuss in April in a separate lecture. The problem, it would be very difficult to describe what notion the United States had of an international order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2066.0,2104.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt would be very difficult to find an American statement in the post-war period, a recognition of the fact that not all international tensions were caused by the viciousness and shortsightedness of communist leaders. But rather that there was a problem of equilibrium in which any Russian regime, extending from the to the Pacific Ocean would present, if not a threat to the peace of the world, a problem for creating an international system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2104.0,2148.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt wasn't, after all, that when Russia had a different regime, there were no problems of adjusting the relations of European countries with Russia then foreign policy had to become worldwide. When you had an anti-colonial revolution, and when you had major powers trying to adjust their relationships in the center of a continent that had always faced problems of equilibrium.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2148.0,2181.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nA certain amount of adjustment and tension was almost inevitable. And the reluctance to face the problem of equilibrium on the one side, and of the nature of consensus on the other, Created a situation where it would be very difficult in the post-war period to find a concrete expression of what it is that the United States was after to which other nations could have adjusted.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2181.0,2226.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere are many declarations about the desire to achieve world order and world law. There are many expressions of the need for collective security in the abstract. But the basic fact of the world situation, which was that for the first time the emergence of two super powers. The existence of a destructive technology and the anti-colonial revolution found reflection in American policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2226.0,2262.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOnly in the form of resistance to aggression. Or in the form of economic programs which were thought automatically to produce an increase in the standard of living. And with that, political stability. Now this lack of concreteness was particularly difficult because it was so completely contrary not only to Soviet attitudes but to Soviet levels of comprehension.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2262.0,2301.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAs I've pointed out in the previous lecture, a Soviet, a communist leader, even in a state in which the communist ideology is no longer so dominant, will still tend to believe that the foreign policy of a major state, of any state, is produced by its social structure. And that therefore the decisions or settlements have to reflect an objective balance of forces rather than good personal relations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2301.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey would tend to downgrade negotiating skill and emphasize creating a balance of physical and social and economic forces in which a settlement registers a state of affairs rather than produces a state of affairs. Confronted with the choice between a security belt in Eastern Europe and an abstract American goodwill which could not be reduced to concrete terms, there was no great hesitation conceivable for the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2340.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd again, as I've said before, it was not really possible for Soviet negotiators to return from a conference with an American leader and to maintain that they were impressed by his personality. And that they would therefore make agreements not justified by the relationship of forces simply because good personal relationships.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2377.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHad been established. The analogy of the Nazi's, of the Soviet's to the Nazi's reflected the fact that our involvement in international affairs happened unfortunately. In an extremely untypical situation. World War II is one of the few wars in which one can fairly say that all the fault is on one side.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2403.0,2434.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd which was caused, to a considerable extent, as far as the actual decision to go to war was concerned by the evil intentions of a very small group of people and maybe by evil intentions of one man. The picture of German armies attacking one country after another Sunday morning and then matching to the limits of their strengths.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2434.0,2463.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnimated by nothing other than the whim of their leader was created a picture of Soviet intentions, which was completely contrary to Soviet philosophy. The notion that Soviet armies would start crossing the Elbe River and head towards. Is belied by any assessment of communist ideology. It would be highly uncharacteristic of communist leaders to risk everything on one throw of the dice.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2463.0,2496.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[COUGH] It would be very untypical for communists leaders. Whatever intentions one describes to them, to adopt a mode of policy, which gives up what to them seems their basic superiority namely their better understanding of the underlying factors of international relations. And risks everything on a simple contest of strength.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2496.0,2527.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOf course the communist countries will try to use a physical superiority when it exists but they will not use it in a grand confrontation. But as part of a political process, and really in this sense, the communist approach to foreign policy is much more in the traditional mode of international affairs than the American approach has been.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2527.0,2560.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe American approach in the postwar period has been that either one could get an international system seen by analogy to a domestic system, or you were living in a lawless world. If you were living in a lawless world, it meant that there were outlaws. If they were outlaws, you could be sure that they would attack you sooner or later.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2560.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore foreign policy was the same as amassing superior physical power, and you didn't really have to have any particular idea of what you were going to do with this physical power. Now this [COUGH] tended [COUGH] to be, This was [COUGH] compounded by the fact that in the immediate post-war period, we encountered a world not only in which our notion of aggression seemed to have been vindicated.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2583.0,2619.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut also our notion of how problems tended to be solved. We had an atomic monopoly, and therefore our physical and technological superiority over the rest of the world seemed to be vindicated. Secondly, in our experience domestically, almost every problem that we had recognized as a problem had been soluble by the mobilization of resources [COUGH].\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2619.0,2655.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd by throwing everything behind the solution of individual difficult in the post war world. Most of Europe was in chaos. Much of the rest of the world was struggling toward a sense of identity. And for the first ten years after the end of the war, we could conduct foreign policy when we didn't engage in military programs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2655.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen we didn't fight World War II, we were applying the new deal on a global basis. It was satisfying to be able to develop economic programs which lifted the standard of living In the European countries. The European countries in turn were so dependant on us that it fitted in with our historic notion of America's mission.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2685.0,2718.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt's the only way countries completely dependent on the United States could effect American policy was to turn themselves into lobbyists rather than into diplomats. And for about a decade and the half after the end of the war, European state's man ran domestically on the issues that they could best, of who could best affect decisions that were essentially made in Washington.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2718.0,2748.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe price that was paid for this, was the tendency to see problems either as purely military, in which our physical superiority was crucial, or is largely economical. But a great reluctance either in relation to the internal development of countries or in relation to the development of the world order, to look at the political component of international affairs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2748.0,2781.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe did extremely well where the problem was. In fact, economic, such as in Europe with the Marshall Plan. In Europe, where the state had been established for 200 years, where the real problem was the disparity between living standards and expectations. Where the raising of living standards therefore could contribute very much to political stability.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2781.0,2810.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOur programs were extremely effective on the economic plan in areas where the problem was primarily political. That is where the problem was how to develop a sense of political legitimacy, or a sense of relationship of the various countries among each other. American remedies tended to be much less effective.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2810.0,2840.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nEconomic programs, where there is no well established bureaucracy, sometimes are either irrelevant, or tend to undermine whatever structure exists, this is, after all, this is one of their functions. This indeed is one of the problems we have had in Vietnam where even our most well meaning programs have not necessarily contributed to the difficulty to the problem of how to establish a structure in the countryside with which the population can identify.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2840.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr we have attempted to create legal structures to resist aggression such as in the system of security treaties around the communist periphery. Or in the system of guarantees in the Middle East or in the now current notion but the way to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons is for the United States to get a guarantee against nuclear attacks to any country.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2880.0,2920.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow again, if one looked at foreign policy somewhat historically, one would have to say whether we resist an attack on India depends less on what weapons are used in the attack on India but on the importance we ascribe to India. If India is considered very important, then the United States will presumably resist an attack on it, even if it's conducted with conventional work.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2920.0,2952.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf India is not important, then one could argue that the mere fact that nuclear weapons are used against it, should not necessarily create an obligation on the part of the United States. And one could if not even what creates the obligation on the part of the United States is not what we say, but what our understanding is of World Order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2952.0,2975.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut again, if you think of world order in terms of abstract responsibility of legal guarantee and not in terms of the elements of stability, then it becomes very difficult to develop criteria of why you should act in certain cases. And again, leaving aside, completely, the merits of the Vietnamese dispute.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2975.0,3003.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne simply looks at the catalog of reasons that have been advanced by the United States of why we are engaged in it, one has to be struck by the fact that not only is there no consensus about whether we should be in [INAUDIBLE] but even among those who are in favor of our commitment there, there seems to be a complete confusion as to what it is that should induce the United States to commit itself anywhere.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3003.0,3032.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow this, on the part of the nation that is most responsible for creating an international order. Is a very serious problem, it makes it very hard for other nations to relate themselves to us, it makes us appear very unpredictable and capricious and it tends to absorb an enormous amount of energy in technical solutions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3032.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8117/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in the constant oscillation between policies that are placed into fairly watertight compartments labeled peace and war. Now after the holiday I'll go into [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3064.0,3096.71181"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0916_0001_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, personally, am against hour exams,\nmy associates are four-hour exams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3.34,10.844"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e They're graduate students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=10.844,13.809"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what do you expect?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=13.809,14.596"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=14.596,20.456"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think to compromise we will make,\ninstead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=20.456,24.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will count the hour exam only if\nyour grade is higher than the final.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=24.19,29.856"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your risks were not very great, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=29.856,34.258"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you have to see-\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=34.258,40.993"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e You haven't seen the final yet, so it-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=40.993,43.118"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=43.118,45.177"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Maybe automatic that every grade must","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=45.177,47.513"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=47.513,48.098"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH]\nNow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=48.098,53.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] let me go back\nto [COUGH] the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=53.672,59.001"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the international system as\nit emerged during World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=59.001,67.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] Part of the difficulty\nwas structural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=70.656,76.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inevitably, the formula of unconditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=76.81,82.017"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surrender meant\nthe elimination of Germany and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=82.017,87.647"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan from any international equilibrium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=87.647,93.005"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, quite apart from\nany ideological differences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=93.005,98.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a certain amount of tension\nwas almost inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=98.56,103.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem of organizing\nan international system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=103.33,107.726"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially, in Europe without Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=107.726,111.242"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have been complicated\nin the best of circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=111.242,116.138"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] Because it would've involved,\nin any event,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=116.138,121.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a rearrangement of traditional\nconcepts of international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=121.93,130.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of the main elements, or of the main\ncomponents of the international system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=130.05,134.316"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] The problem was not made\nany easier by the fact that for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=136.798,141.385"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first time in history,\nforeign policy was becoming worldwide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=141.385,147.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that these various\nstatesmen had to keep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=147.426,152.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considerations of every\npart in the globe in mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=152.53,156.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communications had become,\nnearly, instantaneous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=157.42,160.221"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the decisions had to\nbe much more rapid and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=160.221,164.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new weapons technology was\nposing extraordinary risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=164.466,170.207"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I will deal with those\nproblems on some other occasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=170.207,175.974"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what I want to talk about\ntoday is the impact of American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=175.974,181.433"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conceptions on the problems\nof international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=181.433,186.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because for the first time after\nWorld War II and during World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=187.73,193.225"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States gave up its traditional\nisolationism on a permanent basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=193.225,199.508"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States was found\nto emerge as the strongest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=199.508,204.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"single country in the world\nafter World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=204.03,208.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, what we thought about\nthe nature of international order and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=210.0,215.954"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] the relationship of the various\nfactors of the international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=215.954,221.257"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system to which other\nbecame extremely crucial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=221.257,225.179"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, [COUGH] I think that\nas one looks at American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=225.179,230.527"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreign policy from the beginning\nof World War II onward or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=230.527,237.081"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the beginning of our\ninvolvement in World War II onward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=237.081,244.053"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost any criticism you can\nmake will have some validity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=244.053,249.542"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e It is true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=249.542,254.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there have been periods in\nwhich the United States has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=256.27,261.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exclusively preoccupied\nwith notions of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=261.05,265.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, one can find many\nexamples where the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=266.96,272.212"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentrated on the physical amassing of\npower to the exclusion of everything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=272.212,278.989"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The period during World War II when\nwar seemed to become an end in itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=278.989,285.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The period between 1947 and 61, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=285.73,290.041"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly between 1950 and 1961,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=290.041,294.832"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when containment was seen\nin entirely physical terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=294.832,300.473"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think it is also true that\none can distinguish periods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=300.473,306.354"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which [COUGH] foreign policy was seen\nentirely as an exercise of goodwill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=306.354,314.048"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And [COUGH] the solution of\ninternational difficulties was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=316.287,321.361"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identified with good personal\nrelations among statesmen or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=321.361,326.643"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the establishment of international\nlaw in the abstract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=326.643,331.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the rejection of power\nas inherently wicked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=332.95,339.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This would be, for example,\nthe period between 1943 and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=339.3,344.708"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945 as far as Soviet-American\nrelations were concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=344.708,350.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The spirits of summit diplomacy in\nthe 1950s when after having talked for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=350.439,357.056"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten years or eight years about godless\ncommunism and the dangers of aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=357.056,364.003"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A suddenly great reassurance\nwas drawn from the personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=364.003,370.157"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship between Khrushchev and\nEisenhower,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=370.157,375.797"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and later less significantly\nbetween Kennedy and Khrushchev.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=375.797,382.732"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] And\nthese trends seemed to be not to be due to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=382.732,387.599"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the personal aberrations of individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=387.599,392.009"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they seemed to reflect a rather\n[COUGH] common thread in America and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=392.009,399.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thinking about international\npolitics at least since World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=399.758,407.385"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's, for example,\nthe threat that international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=407.385,412.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"order depends on international law, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=412.577,416.362"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international law should be seen\nby analogy to domestic law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=416.362,422.002"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] So for example,\nWilson said during World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=422.002,426.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not trying to keep out of trouble,\nwe're trying to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=426.8,431.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preserve the foundations upon\nwhich peace can be rebuilt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=431.91,437.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And peace can be rebuilt only upon the\nancient foundations of international law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=437.77,445.093"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stimson said at the end of the war,\nthe time is surely coming when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=445.093,449.467"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an international law and act of\naggression by one nation upon another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=449.467,454.167"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be regarded as an offense\nagainst the community of nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=454.167,459.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just as in the development of municipal\nlaw, a homicide had become an offense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=459.37,464.252"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the state, instead of merely a\nmatter of redress by the victim's family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=464.252,469.527"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] Roosevelt developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=469.527,474.635"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"similar themes in which he insisted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=474.635,481.297"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that That World War II\nwas a war not fought for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=481.297,486.958"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expediency, not for\nconsiderations of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=486.958,491.818"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to reestablish a principle of law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=491.818,495.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And John Foster Dulles, when we was\ntrying to explain the basis of American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=495.75,500.538"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreign policy, said, we seek honestly\nto try to follow policies that will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=500.538,505.402"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sustain the basic\nprinciples of rule of law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=505.402,508.294"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thus reacted in 1956 in relation\nto Suez for precisely the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=508.294,513.576"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reasons that led us to act as we\ndid in 1958 in relation to Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=513.576,519.138"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely to support, as we saw it,\nthe principles of international law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=519.138,524.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And George Paul a few years ago said,\nit will be difficult for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=524.92,529.867"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other countries to understand\nthat American foreign policy is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=529.867,535.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not based on a conception of interest,\nbut on a conception of responsibility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=535.008,541.522"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he pointed out that\nthere wouldn't be any world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=541.522,546.996"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peace until other nations had developed\nequally elevated conceptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=546.996,554.219"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and would give up their notions of\ninterest to a notion of responsibility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=554.219,561.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The corollary of this, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=561.58,566.414"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the balance of\npower is inherently wicked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=566.414,573.343"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and [COUGH] that, [COUGH] And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=573.343,578.531"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it produces wars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=578.531,581.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, Wilson said, the present war is\nnot a struggle for the balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=581.53,587.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only a tranquil Europe\ncan be a stable Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=589.02,591.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There must be not a balance of power,\nbut a community of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=591.94,595.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not organized rivalries, but an organized\nconception of the common peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=595.43,601.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, again,\nI could give you quotations from Hull and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=601.65,604.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt which say\nexactly the same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=604.06,607.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is interesting that even\nJohn Foster Dulles was going to enormous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=607.27,611.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lengths to demonstrate that\nthe alliances he was creating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=611.9,616.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were not traditional alliances,\nbut a collective security system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=616.06,620.499"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they were directed not against\nany particular group of nations, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=621.7,626.337"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against aggression as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=626.337,628.224"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Speaking of SEATO he said,\nSEATO is directed against no government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=628.224,633.419"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against no nation, and against no people,\nit is directed only against aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=633.419,639.769"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the Communists find that objectionable,\nit only reveals their ambitions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=639.769,646.433"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] And so it was with every\npact that the United States entered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=646.433,655.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were all described not as alliances,\nwhich is what they were in any traditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=655.25,661.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sense, but as collective security\narrangements, which gave them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=661.22,665.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the characteristic of [COUGH]\nan abstract legal commitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=665.09,671.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, secretary Rusk said,\na few years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=672.8,677.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have no quarrel, American quarrels,\nwith the Communists anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=678.33,683.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All our quarrels are on\nbehalf of other people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=683.1,685.735"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] which is tremendously reassuring,\nI'm sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=685.735,689.912"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e For countries that depend on us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=689.912,693.764"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] And\n[COUGH] this explains the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=693.764,698.949"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we always have gone to\nenormous lengths to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=698.949,704.711"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to demonstrate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=704.711,707.592"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are fighting for\na legal commitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=707.592,713.082"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're fighting in Vietnam to honor a legal\ncommitment under the SEATO treaty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=713.082,719.854"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not American interest, although there\nthe argument has been more confused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=719.854,726.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] Alliances as collective security,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=730.546,735.354"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"balance of power as inherently wicked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=735.354,739.899"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of this was expressed in\na document which Secretary Hull,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=741.25,747.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in March 1944, submitted as explaining\nthe basis of American foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=747.82,755.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This document, and\nit was under various headings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=756.87,759.959"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which the major ones were as follows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=761.29,763.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One was international cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=763.84,766.218"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that read, cooperation between\nnations in the spirit of good neighbors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=766.218,771.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"founded on the principles of liberty,\nequality, justice, morality, and law is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=771.25,775.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most effect method of safeguarding and\npromoting the well-being of all nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=775.56,780.545"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two, political differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=780.545,783.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political differences which present a\nthreat to the peace of the world should be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=783.789,787.632"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"submitted to agencies, which would use\nthe remedies of discussion, negotiation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=787.632,791.761"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conciliation, and good offices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=791.761,793.525"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Three, International Court of Justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=793.525,797.603"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Disputes of a legal character which\npresent a threat to the peace of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=797.603,801.342"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be adjudicated by\nan International Court of Justice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=801.342,804.382"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose decisions would be based upon\napplication of principles of law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=804.382,808.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spheres of influences and alliances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=808.85,811.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There will no longer be need for\nspheres of influence, for alliances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=812.13,815.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for balance of power, or\nany other of the special arrangements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=815.61,819.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Through which, in the unhappy past, the\nnations strove to safeguard their security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=819.33,824.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to promote their interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=824.28,830.198"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, let's see if I can find my\nfriend John Foster Dulles somewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=830.198,838.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Cuz another recurrent theme of our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=838.3,842.802"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreign policy thinking is\nthat we have discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=842.802,847.241"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the true nature of international politics,\nand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=847.241,851.472"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is time for\nother nations to follow our example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=851.472,856.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't follow this quote right now,\nbut he was very fond of saying that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=856.46,862.144"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the process of international relations\nis really a process of enlightenment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=862.144,868.517"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And other nations have to\nunderstand that the old approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=868.517,873.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to international relations\nhas totally failed and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=873.99,878.792"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be replaced by\nnotions of rule of law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=878.792,882.923"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international conciliation, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=882.923,887.291"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it would be tempting to say all\nof this was terribly hypocritical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=887.291,889.853"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that our actions were one thing and\nour professions were another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=889.853,892.209"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But one of the, [COUGH] I think it is safe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=892.209,897.041"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say that most policymakers are too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=897.041,901.722"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"busy to be able to lie consistently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=901.722,906.403"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of them say-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=906.403,910.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Most of them say essentially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=910.01,912.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=912.86,914.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they mean may be trivial,\nsuperficial, unhistorical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=914.1,917.946"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other adjective you\nwant to apply to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=917.946,920.869"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I would think that these notions of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=922.81,926.737"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an international system\nbased on conceptions of law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=926.737,932.383"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the wickedness of the balance of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=932.383,936.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of alliances really as\na system of world order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=936.8,941.709"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were really quite sincerely held\nby most American policymakers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=941.709,948.605"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the result was an uneasy oscillation\nbetween applying our remedies for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=948.605,956.697"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international peace,\nwhich we tended to identify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=956.697,962.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With relations of good will and\nconfidence, and our relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=963.81,968.852"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our notion for how to deal\nwith the disturber of the peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=968.852,974.506"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we drew mostly from World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=974.506,978.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because obviously if these\nmaxims were correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=978.11,980.149"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If peace resulted from this particular,\nif peace had no physical component,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=981.99,988.141"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is you didn't need\na balance of power for peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=988.141,992.347"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you could organize the international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=992.347,996.961"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community on the basis\nof law in the abstract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=996.961,1002.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then if there were tensions, it had to\nbe due to wickedness, illegality and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1002.95,1010.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a profound tendency towards aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1012.91,1017.987"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore again I'm\napplying fairly literally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1017.987,1022.819"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relations of the World War II\nfeeling with Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1022.819,1028.252"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The assumption was that the only\nway peace could be preserved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1028.252,1034.539"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it could not be preserved by\nthe Max Maxims that I described earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1034.539,1041.656"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to be by the Maxims of\naccumulating physical power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1041.656,1047.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been throughout the post-war\nperiod an enormous reluctance to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1047.26,1052.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confront structural problems\nof the international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1052.31,1057.689"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or to explain how one could relate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1057.689,1063.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem of peaceful change to\nthe insistence on international law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1063.68,1069.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because law, in the best of circumstances\nhas a tendency to protect the status quo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1069.6,1075.678"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is therefore very difficult to\napply in a revolutionary period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1075.678,1081.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The tendency to reject considerations\nof equilibrium in the abstract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1082.48,1089.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meant that when power was used,\nit tended to become an end in itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1089.43,1094.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example General Marge, the chief\nof staff in the US Army, in submitting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1094.42,1100.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the military budget for 1919 said this\nprogram was framed on its merits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1100.4,1105.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without any relationship\nwhatever to national politics or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1105.76,1109.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1109.69,1114.183"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1114.183,1119.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Marshall, 30 years later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1119.69,1124.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, I would never recommend risking\nAmerican lives for political objectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1125.73,1130.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose he would only risk\nthem from military objectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1132.24,1136.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the tendency of this was that in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1137.65,1142.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"periods when diplomacy was exalted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1142.426,1147.704"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a great reluctance to face the\npower aspects of international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1147.704,1156.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in periods when power\nwas applied there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1156.0,1161.173"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great difficulty of finding its\nrelationship to foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1161.173,1168.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this came to expression in\nwhat do grew to be the dominant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1168.758,1173.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American view after disillusionment\nof the mediate post vote period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1173.38,1177.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely the policy of containment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1179.97,1181.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the disillusionment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1183.56,1188.218"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in itself had hardly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1188.218,1192.653"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a narcissistic element.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1192.653,1197.548"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A feeling that only wickedness could\nproduce tension after all our good will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1197.548,1204.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While on the other hand,\nfor a man like Stalin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1205.85,1208.629"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was extraordinarily difficult\nto deal with a country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1208.629,1212.046"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which would engage in abstract\nprotestations of good will but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1212.046,1217.523"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was reluctant to reduce\nits notions of a post-war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1217.523,1221.945"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period to any concrete expression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1221.945,1225.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And which tried to rest\nthe international system on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1225.23,1227.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good relations among the leading\nstatesmen in the abstract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1229.16,1233.105"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] Be that as it may,\nthe position of the policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1233.105,1238.696"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of containment was based\non the proposition that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1238.696,1244.157"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before one could negotiate,\none had to accumulate power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1244.157,1250.836"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one had therefore to look at\nforeign policy as successive faces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1250.836,1257.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secretary Acheson said what we must\ndo is create positions of strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1257.36,1262.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we create that strength there will\ncome about a difference in the negotiating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1263.38,1267.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position of the parties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1267.57,1269.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And out of that there should come a\nwillingness on the side of the Kremlin to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1269.49,1274.357"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognize the facts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1274.357,1275.861"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are a number of assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1275.861,1281.372"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behind this theory which seem\nto me peculiarly American.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1281.372,1290.096"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, the notion that\nif the Communists were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1290.096,1294.801"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intransigent that they were committed to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1294.801,1299.254"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aggression in the Hitlerian\nstyle at all costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1299.254,1304.483"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the transformation\nof their system was bound to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1304.483,1309.314"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come about after we had\ncreated positions of strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1309.314,1314.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since they would no doubt not be able\nto stop their policy of aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1314.73,1320.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, there was never\nany consideration of the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1320.77,1324.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of just how the position of strength was\ngoing to be conveyed to the other side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1324.71,1329.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most American statesmen would have\nbeen absolutely shocked if you had told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1329.82,1334.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them that their formulations\nwere bound to be read by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1334.8,1339.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suspicious Soviet Union as threatening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1339.79,1345.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuz how else could we get\nthe Soviet Union to negotiate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1345.265,1348.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unless with at least threatened\nto use the position of strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1348.46,1352.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't use a position of strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1352.77,1355.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the Soviet Union did not\nengage in an act of aggression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1355.09,1358.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then all the containment\npolicy did was to confirm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1358.35,1361.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The status quo physically by\ncreating two military blocks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1361.99,1368.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, the policy showed a lack","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1368.68,1373.594"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ability to relate potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1373.594,1378.509"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strength to actual strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1378.509,1383.433"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's true in 1947,\nwhen we developed the containment policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1383.433,1387.953"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there were many more Soviet Divisions\nthan there were American Divisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1387.953,1393.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you had a foreign policy we're\nsimply the counting of Divisions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1393.93,1398.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union had\nan enormous superiority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1398.3,1400.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand the Soviet Union\nhad just suffered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1401.95,1406.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 15 to 20 million\ndead in World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1406.73,1411.186"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States had an atomic monopoly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1411.186,1415.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American industrial strength","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1418.48,1421.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was incomparably superior to\nthat of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1421.81,1425.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The real sanction we had against\nSoviet aggression during that period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1426.96,1430.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the declaration of war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1430.646,1432.148"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And not how many divisions we had\navailable at any given moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1432.148,1437.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no conceivable way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1437.73,1440.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even without nuclear weapons that\nthe Soviet Union could have won a war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1440.34,1445.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the United States in 1947.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1445.28,1447.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, there's no conceivable way in\nwhich the Soviet Union would have risked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1447.25,1451.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a war with the United States in 1947.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1451.56,1456.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By insisting on building\nup our actual strength,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1456.36,1459.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're in no position to take advantage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1463.76,1466.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diplomatically, of what was probably the\ngreatest disparity of strength that has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1466.78,1470.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever existed between the Soviet Union and\nthe United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1470.83,1475.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from that point of view,\ncontainment in the '40s and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1477.26,1483.083"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early '50s was really\na time-wasting policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1483.083,1488.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A policy which enabled us\nto avoid the question of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1488.1,1493.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what sort of international system\nwe really wanted to create.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1493.758,1501.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was never a good moment to\nnegotiate if you had to insist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1501.078,1506.638"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you first had to build\nup a situation of strength,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1506.638,1511.654"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you could always see some\nmore strengths further down the road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1511.654,1518.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A problem which is very\nsimilar to what we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1519.81,1524.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often faced in Vietnam,\nI don't recall an instance where anyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1524.79,1530.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked people in Saigon when would\nbe a good time to negotiate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1530.8,1534.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't say the best time to negotiate\nwould be six months from whenever you were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1534.92,1538.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asking them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1538.8,1539.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it is always possible to prove","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1540.49,1544.988"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through specific programs how they will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1544.988,1549.767"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"create an additional degree of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1549.767,1554.414"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other difficulty that arose was by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1556.963,1562.358"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasizing the physical\ncomponent at one face and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1562.358,1569.609"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the diplomatic one at another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1569.609,1574.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was impossible to draw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1575.23,1579.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any real strength from either of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1581.29,1584.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was shown partly during\nthe Korean War when at first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1585.49,1591.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the landing of Inchon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1591.4,1594.587"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we decided to change our objective and\nstarted heading north,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1594.587,1598.169"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thereby really creating an incentive for\nthe other side to come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1599.61,1605.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We couldn't negotiate\nwhen we were winning, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1605.31,1608.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we couldn't negotiate\nwhen we were losing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1608.08,1611.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then when we did start negotiating,\nwe stopped military operations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1611.2,1615.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thereby removing the incentive that they\nmight have had for settling in 1951 and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1615.82,1621.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"producing two years of rather\ninconclusive negotiations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1621.53,1628.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's also shown by the attitude\nwhich was reflected during,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1629.75,1638.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, the Geneva Summit meeting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1638.86,1644.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1955, American foreign policy for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1644.83,1647.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eight years have been guild\nto the stopping of communism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1647.12,1651.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For eight years, communism had been\ndescribed as equivalent to Nazism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1651.76,1658.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Eisenhower Administration\nhad come into office in part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1658.71,1662.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it had maintained that\nthe Democrats were soft on communism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1662.87,1666.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, at the first summit meeting,\nwhat happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1667.91,1674.261"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eisenhower, before he even went there,\nhe said, many post-war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1674.261,1679.928"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conferences have been characterized\ntoo much by attention to detail,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1679.928,1686.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by an effort to work on specific problems\nrather than establish the spirit and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1686.0,1692.576"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attitude with which we\nshould approach them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1692.576,1696.547"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the various newspapers engaged\nin an orgy of self-congratulation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1696.547,1705.147"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The New York Times, with the perspicacity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1705.147,1708.349"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which it has maintained since-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1708.349,1711.047"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Said no one would want to underestimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1711.047,1713.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the change in the Russian attitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1713.58,1715.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it remains to President Eisenhower's\nachievement that he comprehended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1717.25,1720.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the change, he ceased the opening and\nturned it to the advantage of world peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1720.83,1727.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The occasion was in fact made from Mr.\nEisenhower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1727.54,1731.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other men might have played\nstrength against strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1731.16,1733.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this is after 80\nyears of containment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1733.63,1736.139"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was Mr. Eisenhower's gift to draw\nothers into the circle of his goodwill and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1736.139,1742.122"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to modify the attitudes of the little band\nof visitors from the other side of the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1742.122,1748.834"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Then the Herald Tribune said it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1748.834,1753.762"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an intense sense of relief which unites\nPresident Eisenhower with President.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1753.762,1760.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wasn't a president, it didn't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1760.64,1762.534"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Neither ever conceived that his own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1762.534,1766.115"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country would launch a war, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1766.115,1768.133"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each giant was quite convinced that\nthe other giant was capable of doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1768.133,1772.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Cold War was suddenly called\noff at Geneva because both sides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1772.94,1777.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognized that these suspicions\nwere entirely unfounded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1777.646,1782.192"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1782.192,1783.943"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life magazine said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1783.943,1785.034"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1785.034,1791.002"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e In a very American [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1791.002,1793.064"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the chief result of the Geneva\nconference is so simple and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1793.064,1797.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"breathtaking that cynics and\nstill question it, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1797.29,1801.438"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans find it a little\ndifficult to grasp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1801.438,1804.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The championship of\npeace has changed hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1804.67,1808.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the mind of Europe,\nwhich judges this unofficial title,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1808.73,1815.777"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has passed from Moscow to Washing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1815.777,1820.209"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to show that this attitude was\nnot confined to the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1820.209,1825.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"McMillan, who was then foreign secretary\nin Britain, made his contribution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1825.85,1832.478"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, why did this meeting\nsend a thrill of hope and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1832.478,1835.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expectation around the world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1835.84,1837.872"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't that the discussions\nwere especially remarkable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1837.872,1841.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't that they reached any\nvery sensational agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1841.14,1843.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't really what they did or\nsaid, which traditionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1845.12,1848.975"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1848.975,1851.434"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e This would have been a rather\ngood definition of failure in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1851.434,1854.193"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traditional development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1854.193,1855.558"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1855.558,1857.288"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e What struck the imagination of\nthe world was the fact of the friendly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1857.288,1861.338"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting between the heads of the two\ngroups into which the world is divided.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1861.338,1866.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These men, carrying their immense burdens,\nmet, and talked, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1866.61,1871.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joked together like ordinary human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1871.01,1875.578"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The Geneva","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1875.578,1882.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spirit meant seeing the other\nman's point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1882.6,1887.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I cannot help thinking that last summer's\nidle was not a vague or sham affair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1887.2,1893.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, within a year, there was a Suez\nCrisis, there was the Hungarian Uprising.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1893.53,1901.955"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in three years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1901.955,1904.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the Berlin Ultimatum,\nwhich, however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1904.1,1909.656"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produced another orgy\nof personal diplomacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1909.656,1914.808"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Khrushchev visited\nthe United States And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1914.808,1920.829"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when again one could find newspaper and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1920.829,1924.234"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"official comments to the effect\nthat the good personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1924.234,1928.981"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relations that were being\nestablished between Eisenhower and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1928.981,1934.452"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Khrushchev would help produce the peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1934.452,1938.183"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the interesting\naspect here is the move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1938.183,1943.204"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the conviction of irreconcilable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1943.204,1947.809"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hostility to the conviction that one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1947.809,1952.134"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conference was going to\nsettle all disputes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1952.134,1957.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument on the one\nhand that a settlement with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1958.72,1964.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union was utterly impossible\nbecause it was ruled by wicked men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1964.42,1969.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on the other hand,\nthe notion that as long as you got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1971.14,1975.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the heads of state together it didn't\nreally matter what they worked on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1975.01,1979.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As long as they came to some agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1979.42,1982.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this agreement would contribute\nto a relaxation of tension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1982.66,1987.675"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a result, much of the diplomacy\nrelated to summit meetings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1988.76,1994.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dealt with such issues as consular\ntreaties, cultural exchange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1994.06,1998.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sort of thing that junior\nofficials in foreign ministries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=1998.98,2003.721"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really are capable of dealing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2003.721,2006.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it was thought that\nthe fact of an agreement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2006.19,2010.503"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was more important than\nthe substance of the agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2010.503,2015.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, as soon as\ntensions became very strong again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2017.56,2025.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would revert to the posture\nof intransigent hostility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2025.646,2033.012"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With the result that\nduring periods of tension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2033.012,2037.049"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as during the Berlin Crisis or\nduring periods such as the Vietnam War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2037.049,2043.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much of the debate in\nthe United States concerns the issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2043.64,2046.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether we should negotiate at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2046.79,2049.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One school of thought holding that\nthe opponent is inherently evil and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2049.44,2055.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's absolutely useless\nto negotiate with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2055.45,2057.759"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another group seeing in the fact\nof negotiation, an end in itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2058.78,2065.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But both groups being\nenormously reluctant to discuss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2066.87,2071.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just what it is that one\nmight negotiate about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2071.37,2076.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And throughout the post-war period for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2077.27,2081.401"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example, leaving\nthe Vietnam war aside now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2081.401,2086.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we'll discuss in April\nin a separate lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2086.14,2091.621"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem,\nit would be very difficult to describe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2091.621,2096.996"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what notion the United States\nhad of an international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2096.996,2104.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would be very difficult to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2104.34,2106.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find an American statement\nin the post-war period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2108.04,2113.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a recognition of the fact that\nnot all international tensions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2113.04,2118.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were caused by the viciousness and\nshortsightedness of communist leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2118.24,2124.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But rather that there was a problem of\nequilibrium in which any Russian regime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2124.17,2131.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extending from the to\nthe Pacific Ocean would present,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2131.21,2136.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not a threat to the peace of the world,\na problem for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2137.59,2142.636"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating an international system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2142.636,2148.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't, after all,\nthat when Russia had a different regime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2148.67,2152.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were no problems of adjusting\nthe relations of European countries with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2153.66,2158.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia then foreign policy\nhad to become worldwide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2158.7,2164.665"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you had an anti-colonial revolution,\nand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2166.13,2170.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you had major powers trying to adjust\ntheir relationships in the center of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2170.84,2175.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a continent that had always\nfaced problems of equilibrium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2175.23,2181.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A certain amount of adjustment and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2181.08,2186.808"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tension was almost inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2186.808,2192.344"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reluctance to face the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2192.344,2197.368"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of equilibrium on the one side, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2197.368,2202.079"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the nature of consensus on the other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2202.079,2207.425"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Created a situation where it would\nbe very difficult in the post-war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2209.899,2215.513"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period to find a concrete expression\nof what it is that the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2215.513,2221.318"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was after to which other\nnations could have adjusted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2221.318,2226.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many declarations about\nthe desire to achieve world order and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2226.25,2231.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2231.29,2232.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many expressions of the need for\ncollective security in the abstract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2232.38,2237.625"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the basic fact of the world situation,\nwhich was that for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2237.625,2243.885"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first time the emergence\nof two super powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2243.885,2249.062"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The existence of\na destructive technology and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2249.062,2254.724"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the anti-colonial revolution found\nreflection in American policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2254.724,2260.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only in the form of\nresistance to aggression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2262.67,2267.541"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in the form of economic\nprograms which were thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2267.541,2272.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"automatically to produce an increase\nin the standard of living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2272.46,2278.485"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with that, political stability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2278.485,2280.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this lack of concreteness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2281.59,2287.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was particularly difficult because\nit was so completely contrary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2288.98,2294.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only to Soviet attitudes but\nto Soviet levels of comprehension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2294.48,2299.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I've pointed out in the previous\nlecture, a Soviet, a communist leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2301.73,2308.018"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in a state in which the communist\nideology is no longer so dominant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2308.018,2313.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will still tend to believe that\nthe foreign policy of a major state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2313.83,2319.261"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any state,\nis produced by its social structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2319.261,2323.482"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that therefore the decisions or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2323.482,2327.811"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settlements have to reflect an objective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2327.811,2332.861"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"balance of forces rather than\ngood personal relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2332.861,2339.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would tend to downgrade\nnegotiating skill and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2340.94,2345.328"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasize creating a balance\nof physical and social and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2345.328,2350.125"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic forces in which\na settlement registers a state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2350.125,2354.922"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of affairs rather than\nproduces a state of affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2354.922,2359.427"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confronted with the choice between\na security belt in Eastern Europe and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2361.668,2366.593"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an abstract American goodwill which\ncould not be reduced to concrete terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2366.593,2371.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no great hesitation\nconceivable for the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2371.84,2376.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, as I've said before,\nit was not really possible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2377.3,2382.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet negotiators to return from\na conference with an American leader and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2382.25,2387.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to maintain that they were\nimpressed by his personality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2387.66,2391.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that they would therefore\nmake agreements not justified by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2391.11,2395.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relationship of forces simply\nbecause good personal relationships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2395.44,2401.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had been established.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2403.02,2403.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The analogy of the Nazi's,\nof the Soviet's to the Nazi's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2405.27,2409.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reflected the fact that our involvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2412.59,2416.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in international affairs\nhappened unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2416.57,2421.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In an extremely untypical situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2421.19,2425.243"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II is one of the few\nwars in which one can fairly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2425.243,2430.211"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say that all the fault is on one side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2430.211,2434.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And which was caused,\nto a considerable extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2434.4,2437.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the actual decision\nto go to war was concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2438.87,2443.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the evil intentions of a very small\ngroup of people and maybe by evil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2443.19,2447.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intentions of one man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2448.9,2453.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The picture of German armies\nattacking one country after another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2453.12,2458.114"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday morning and then matching\nto the limits of their strengths.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2458.114,2463.297"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Animated by nothing other than the whim\nof their leader was created a picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2463.297,2468.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Soviet intentions, which was\ncompletely contrary to Soviet philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2468.55,2474.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The notion that Soviet armies would start\ncrossing the Elbe River and head towards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2474.97,2479.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is belied by any assessment\nof communist ideology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2481.21,2486.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would be highly uncharacteristic\nof communist leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2487.97,2492.942"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to risk everything on\none throw of the dice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2492.942,2496.699"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] It would be very untypical for\ncommunists leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2496.699,2501.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whatever intentions one describes to them,\nto adopt a mode of policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2501.67,2507.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which gives up what to them seems\ntheir basic superiority namely their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2507.672,2513.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better understanding of the underlying\nfactors of international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2513.573,2520.293"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And risks everything on\na simple contest of strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2520.293,2526.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the communist countries will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2527.95,2532.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to use a physical\nsuperiority when it exists but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2532.96,2538.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will not use it in\na grand confrontation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2538.27,2543.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as part of a political process,\nand really in this sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2543.02,2548.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the communist approach to foreign\npolicy is much more in the traditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2549.82,2555.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mode of international affairs than\nthe American approach has been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2555.41,2560.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American approach in\nthe postwar period has been that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2560.97,2565.786"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either one could get an international\nsystem seen by analogy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2565.786,2570.904"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a domestic system, or\nyou were living in a lawless world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2570.904,2576.043"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were living in a lawless world,\nit meant that there were outlaws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2576.043,2579.009"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they were outlaws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2580.17,2581.102"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could be sure that they would\nattack you sooner or later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2581.102,2583.614"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore foreign policy was the same\nas amassing superior physical power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2583.614,2589.616"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you didn't really have\nto have any particular idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2589.616,2593.677"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what you were going to do\nwith this physical power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2593.677,2597.665"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this [COUGH] tended [COUGH] to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2597.665,2603.521"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was [COUGH] compounded by the fact\nthat in the immediate post-war period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2606.22,2611.816"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we encountered a world not only\nin which our notion of aggression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2611.816,2616.394"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seemed to have been vindicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2616.394,2619.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also our notion of how\nproblems tended to be solved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2619.6,2624.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had an atomic monopoly, and\ntherefore our physical and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2626.37,2631.972"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technological superiority over the rest\nof the world seemed to be vindicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2631.972,2639.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, in our experience domestically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2639.646,2644.197"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost every problem that we\nhad recognized as a problem had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2644.197,2650.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been soluble by the mobilization\nof resources [COUGH].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2650.03,2655.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by throwing everything\nbehind the solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2655.41,2659.276"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individual difficult\nin the post war world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2659.276,2663.149"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of Europe was in chaos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2665.36,2668.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much of the rest of the world was\nstruggling toward a sense of identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2668.55,2673.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for the first ten years\nafter the end of the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2673.69,2678.192"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we could conduct foreign policy when\nwe didn't engage in military programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2678.192,2685.123"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we didn't fight World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2685.123,2688.711"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were applying the new\ndeal on a global basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2688.711,2693.504"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was satisfying to be\nable to develop economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2693.504,2698.746"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programs which lifted the standard\nof living In the European countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2698.746,2707.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The European countries in turn were so\ndependant on us that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2707.63,2712.735"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it fitted in with our historic\nnotion of America's mission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2712.735,2718.163"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the only way countries\ncompletely dependent on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2718.163,2722.441"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States could effect\nAmerican policy was to turn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2722.441,2727.097"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves into lobbyists\nrather than into diplomats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2727.097,2731.676"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for about a decade and\nthe half after the end of the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2731.676,2735.807"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"European state's man ran domestically\non the issues that they could best,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2735.807,2741.204"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of who could best affect decisions that\nwere essentially made in Washington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2741.204,2746.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The price that was paid for this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2748.79,2751.715"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the tendency to see problems\neither as purely military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2751.715,2757.046"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which our physical superiority was\ncrucial, or is largely economical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2757.046,2763.756"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But a great reluctance either in\nrelation to the internal development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2763.756,2769.487"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of countries or in relation to\nthe development of the world order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2769.487,2774.925"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to look at the political component\nof international affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2774.925,2781.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did extremely well\nwhere the problem was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2781.06,2783.494"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, economic,\nsuch as in Europe with the Marshall Plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2783.494,2787.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Europe, where the state had\nbeen established for 200 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2789.04,2794.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the real problem was the disparity\nbetween living standards and expectations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2794.16,2800.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the raising of\nliving standards therefore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2800.46,2805.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could contribute very much\nto political stability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2805.359,2810.743"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our programs were extremely\neffective on the economic plan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2810.743,2815.461"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in areas where the problem\nwas primarily political.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2815.461,2819.719"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is where the problem was how to\ndevelop a sense of political legitimacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2820.84,2827.226"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a sense of relationship of\nthe various countries among each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2827.226,2833.037"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American remedies tended\nto be much less effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2833.037,2838.239"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economic programs,\nwhere there is no well established","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2840.202,2845.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bureaucracy, sometimes\nare either irrelevant, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2845.3,2850.181"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to undermine whatever\nstructure exists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2850.181,2854.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is, after all,\nthis is one of their functions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2854.52,2859.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This indeed is one of the problems\nwe have had in Vietnam where even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2859.41,2864.498"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our most well meaning programs\nhave not necessarily contributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2864.498,2869.589"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the difficulty to the problem\nof how to establish a structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2869.589,2874.492"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside with which\nthe population can identify.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2874.492,2879.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or we have attempted to create legal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2880.53,2883.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"structures to resist aggression\nsuch as in the system of security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2884.73,2889.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treaties around the communist periphery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2889.66,2894.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in the system of guarantees\nin the Middle East or in the now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2894.94,2901.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"current notion but the way to prevent\nthe spread of nuclear weapons is for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2903.39,2908.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States to\nget a guarantee against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2908.88,2913.662"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear attacks to any country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2913.662,2919.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now again, if one looked at foreign\npolicy somewhat historically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2920.45,2927.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one would have to say whether\nwe resist an attack on India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2927.07,2930.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depends less on what weapons\nare used in the attack on India but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2933.0,2937.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the importance we ascribe to India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2937.64,2942.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If India is considered very important,\nthen the United States will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2942.64,2947.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presumably resist an attack on it, even\nif it's conducted with conventional work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2947.72,2951.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If India is not important,\nthen one could argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2952.99,2956.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the mere fact that nuclear weapons\nare used against it, should not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2956.94,2961.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessarily create an obligation\non the part of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2961.11,2966.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one could if not even what\ncreates the obligation on the part of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2966.56,2969.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States is not what we say, but\nwhat our understanding is of World Order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2969.54,2974.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, if you think of world order\nin terms of abstract responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2975.63,2981.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of legal guarantee and not in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2981.15,2985.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the elements of stability,\nthen it becomes very difficult to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2987.63,2991.835"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"develop criteria of why you\nshould act in certain cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2991.835,2997.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, leaving aside, completely,\nthe merits of the Vietnamese dispute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=2997.69,3003.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One simply looks at the catalog of\nreasons that have been advanced by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3003.62,3007.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States of why we are engaged\nin it, one has to be struck by the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3007.35,3014.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that not only is there no consensus about\nwhether we should be in [INAUDIBLE] but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3014.52,3019.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even among those who are in\nfavor of our commitment there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3019.72,3023.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there seems to be a complete confusion\nas to what it is that should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3023.59,3027.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"induce the United States\nto commit itself anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3027.84,3031.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this, on the part of the nation\nthat is most responsible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3032.74,3038.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating an international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3038.71,3042.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is a very serious problem,\nit makes it very hard for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3042.06,3046.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other nations to relate themselves to us,\nit makes us appear very unpredictable and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3046.55,3054.416"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capricious and it tends to absorb\nan enormous amount of energy in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3054.416,3059.472"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technical solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3059.472,3064.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the constant\noscillation between policies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3064.68,3069.682"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are placed into fairly watertight\ncompartments labeled peace and war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3069.682,3077.431"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now after the holiday\nI'll go into [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3077.431,3082.015"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159#t=3082.015,3086.502"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17703/file/73159/transcript/8118/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/118/original/transcript_index_158324827520200303-3371-11rtqpq?1583230276","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/118/original/transcript_index_158324827520200303-3371-11rtqpq?1583230276"}]}]}]}