{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/pv6b27q54w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 1977 May 4"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b0931_0001.mp3 (Digital Object ID)","ms_1981_s07_b0931_0002.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audiocassettes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1977 May 4 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;6c8570d5-2eae-4556-adf0-38e8c20d80b1 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076717"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 1977 May 4. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u00266c8570d5-2eae-4556-adf0-38e8c20d80b1"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - open-uri20200305-3371-1vh9mxn.mpga"]},"duration":3552.13059,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/332/original/open-uri20200305-3371-1vh9mxn.mpga?1583399186","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3552.13059,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0931_0001_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e Faster implications for the present and the future. It was about some nine months ago that Dorothy Brown, the chairman of the Department of History, Walter Laqueur, chairman of our international research council, who regrets that teaching duties at Harvard today prevented him from being here and myself had some discussions about such a series.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut it was not until Jules Davids was designated the program director that we got the structure. Professor Brown discussed the series with her full faculty in the Department of History, then discussions with the School of Foreign Service and Professor Davids was designated as the project director. He worked very well in developing an extremely coherent series that I believe has gone far beyond the original expectations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=24.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nRay Khan was particularly helpful in getting George Kennan and one other lecture. With today we will have had six lectures for the benefit of those that may not have been to all of them. First was Dr Ernest May on the uses and misuses of history, David Trask on the legacy of World War I.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=59.0,83.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMaurice Matlaw from the legacy of World War II, George Kinnen, on the lessons of containment.\n\u003e\u003e Well, it's more on Russia past and present.\n\u003e\u003e And I regret that that had to be a small group because he was testing ideas and Professor John Lewis Gaddis' Containment Strategies from Kennan to Kissinger and finally our lecture today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=83.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt's a pleasure to have the Dean of the Colleges of Arts and Sciences with us today, Holly Davis. And now I turn to Jules David, Georgetown's own as I think all of you, most of you, know he arrived in 1943 at Georgetown, PhD in 1947. Has written or edited a host of books, American World of our time, US Diplomacy in the 20th Century, United States and World Affairs with Council on Foreign Relations most recently perspectives in American diplomacy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=113.0,146.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe's on the editorial board of American Jewish Historical Quarterly and he's a very valued member of our International Research Council, Jules?\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n[CROSSTALK]\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE] pretty sure [INAUDIBLE].\n\u003e\u003e I just wanted to say a few words on behalf of the university to welcome you to this, the last of the seminar series.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=146.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI also wanna take the opportunity again on behalf of the university to thank especially the center for strategic studies, our own history department and the school of foreign service and of course to thank all those who participated in the series over the period that they've been held. I think the very title of the seminars, lessons of the past, their implications for the present and the future indicate their aptness for taking place within a university setting.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=176.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPerhaps no other institution on the American scene bears a heavier responsibility for studying and questioning the past so the present be made more intelligible and the future clearer for planning in hope and in peace. The quality of the seminar leaders have been extraordinarily high, all have been scholars and observers of the past, all have contributed to the shaping of the present.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=209.0,238.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNone I believe has contributed as much sense so significantly as our present seminar leader, Dr. Kissinger. So let me welcome you again to this the final session, about the present we always have much to learn and some of what we learn can only be understood in so far as we hear and question those who contributed to its quality.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=238.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e I would just like to express my thanks to the center, and particular to David Ackshire, for really making this series of programs possible. It's worked out quite well, I think. And we're delighted, naturally, today to have Dr. Kissinger with us. In our program for those of you who have not participated in some of our other sessions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=268.0,292.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe've tried to do two things, first to deal with contemporary affairs and to assess the value of history as this is seen from the perspective of the scholar, the policymaker, the diplomatist, and the strategist. And second, we've tried to provide a forum where students and faculty on the main campus, largely associated with the History Department and the School of Foreign Service, the graduate school, and today, I believe we have a number of law School students and some of our faculty professors with us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=292.0,328.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'd like to welcome them, and of course students from our graduate school. What we are trying to do is to consider the broad problems and issues that are of historical concern. Dr. Kissinger has many unique distinctions. He is our only Secretary of State who has been a career scholar in international relations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=328.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe is the only one who has been born in Europe and the only person who has served a president directly, with no official position in the State Department Congress, or the Military services. A status which changed only in 1973 when he was named the secretary of State. I'm sure that Dr. Kissinger will certainly not remember this keen as his memory might be.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=355.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut, when I was with the council on foreign relations as a staff associate from 1963 to 1965, I participated in a number of seminars with Doctor Kissinger at the council. Any of you who are familiar with the Council of Foreign Relations know that the seminars are continuous and the dialogue on foreign policy proceeds very much or almost as much as the center here on a virtually day, afternoon, evening basis.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=387.0,423.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWell, it was at this time that around 1963 to 65, that I undertook the writing of the council's annual volume on the United States and World Affairs, covering the year of 1964. This was some 12 years ago. And I tried to think about some of those seminars that I participated in to help me in the writing of the book, they were quite frequent I can assure you.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=423.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut, I can't for the life of me really recall what these seminars were about. But, I do remember that were several sessions in which both Dr. Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski were present. Dr. Kissinger, for a time, was director of the studies of the council on foreign relations. What stays in my mind, is that Dr. Kissinger at the seminar sessions that I attended, tended to be somewhat unusually quiet.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=449.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nProfound and absorbed. But keep in mind that this is some 12, 13 years ago. Rodzinski, on the other hand, was always a valuable, sharp, and brilliantly articulate. Invariably, when Rodzinski exhausted himself, Dr. Kissinger would then respond with a few well chosen words that usually undercut and cast doubt on just about everything that Rodzinski said.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=482.0,515.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e As things turned out, it was Dr. Kissinger who was to make the full first dress entry into public life. He was to do so at a great time of crisis in the nation's history. Controversy will surround the Nixon administration for many years to come, but when historians look back, and surely they will find that during the period of the Nixon and Ford administrations, it was Dr. Kissinger that helped to steady the boat.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=515.0,552.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAlthough it was President Nixon who established the general direction of policy and supplied the power, it was as person has observed, was Dr. Kissinger who clearly elaborated the tactics of diplomacy and carried them out often in a highly personal style. Dr. Kissinger is generally credited with advancing the balance of power concept in diplomacy and world politics.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=552.0,582.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThough he appears to have conceded that the classic balance of power gain was inapplicable in the 20th century. However, while acknowledging that balance of power was obsolete, he has always insisted that we, \"Must have a certain equilibrium of strength\". Attempting to reconcile this disparity, a writer has said that Kissinger had no fixed formula, but rather a general approach that depended as much on the subtleties and sensitivities of the practitioner as on anything else.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=582.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd as a final note I'd just like to add this, a comment of a writer, an interesting remark that he made. According to Dr. Kissinger, he said, one of the greatest errors to which Americans are particularly prone Is to aim directly for peace. A statesman who wishes nothing but peace is at the mercy of any expansionist revolutionary power willing to risk war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=622.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nStatesmen who pursue reasonable national interests, rather than peace itself, may be able to balance and limit their demand. The resulting equilibrium which Kissinger called a legitimate international order then brings peace as a by-product. During the 1970s, Dr. Kissinger appeared to have changed some of his perceptions, as well as the perceptions of the American people.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=658.0,695.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo a considerable degree, it was the impact of these changed perceptions that were to greatly alter the character of the cold war. I'd like to later comment on some of these remarks, to tie them in with a question that might form a bridge between our previous speakers and Dr. Kissinger.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=695.0,721.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAt the moment, it's with great pleasure that I wish to turn the session over to Dr. Kissinger.\n\u003e\u003e Thank you very much. And I thought that it would be most useful if we could leave as much time as possible for discussion rather than for a lecture by me and I don't really have a formal lecture.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=721.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI have been struck, Although I will not talk about this subject, but it's something that historians ought to reflect about. I've been struck by the difficulty in the contemporary period of forming reasonable historical judgements. In the period about which I was writing, when I was a scholar, primarily the communications between diplomats and their governments, they were very difficult and therefore it was necessary for the governments to cater out the conceptions instruction and for the diplomats to explain their philosophy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=758.0,802.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was impossible to the participants at the Congress, for the participants at the Congress of Vienna, for example, to receive day to day tactical instructions on how they should conduct their affairs. And therefore the historian can read the documents, which are not all that plentiful, mercifully, and can form some impression of what it is that the various individuals wanted to achieve.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=802.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the contemporary period, the communication is instantaneous. Therefore there's no need to give an explanation of why certain things are being done. Instructions are very often simply to tell the diplomat what he's supposed to say at a particular session. Therefore, moreover, the danger of leaks is overwhelming. That it is in the interest of anybody who wants to conduct a reasonably coherent diplomacy to confine his communications only to those practical instructions that need to be carried out.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=837.0,880.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it is perfectly possible, as a result of all of this, an enormous amount of material accumulates, that can be selectively leaked, that cannot possibly be studied by any one scholar. The instructions go out in so many different channels and in so many different forms of classification, that for somebody who has not been a participant it is going to be, I'll dare say impossible to determine what was crucial and what was peripheral.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=880.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat was written to keep the bureaucracy quiet, and what was written to be implemented, what was written for purposes of later disclosure and what was written in order to be really carried out. And therefore, I was sorely tempted to give a presentation here of current myths of what happened in the last ten years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=910.0,935.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNot from the point of view of who was right or wrong, but simply from the point of view of the enormous factual inaccuracies that are constantly being repeated about a whole set of issues that one could enumerate. But I will forgo this temptation because it really wouldn't be all that useful to you so, though it would be fun for me.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=935.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[LAUGH]\nAnd I thought that what I would do, you're free to ask me in the question period, about any subject that concerns you. What I thought I would do is to discuss the problem of statesmanship as it appears to me how history relates to it and to illustrate it by some examples from the historical events of the 19th and 20th century with particular emphasis to the problem of the structure of the international order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=961.0,1008.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, the first point I would like to make is that the conduct of foreign policy is a form of art, and not a precise science. Something the professor said very difficult to grasp. If it were a precise science, anybody could learn it and therefore you could lay down precise conceptual rules that are more or less universally valid that anybody can follow.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1008.0,1046.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut the conduct of foreign policy, no matter what general principles you establish, requires in each instance a recognition of comparable situations. We can talk here forever about the balance of power or legitimacy. The impact of personality and yet as each new case arises that knowledge will be empty if you do not understand what the elements of power are.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1046.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHow legitimacy is conceived, what the impact of structure on events can be. That requires an intuitive feeling which can be partly taught, but which is partly indefinable. Now I think it is clear in history that no international order has ever lasted indefinitely. Now you can call me a pessimist, I'm simply saying this is a fact of history.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1079.0,1117.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSince we live in a period characterized by unusual brilliance of international leadership. We will no doubt achieve a permanent international order, that will be in produce to change. And I do not wish to leave the impression with you ladies and gentlemen that I would not happily settle for this.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1117.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAll I'm saying is that in the 5,000 years of recorded history, most every international has ever existed has sooner or later collapsed. This must have some objective causes. Even if we remedy them all, in our lifetime. And if we are lucky, even in one administration. The difficulty arises, first of all in the obligations of a statesman.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1142.0,1185.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat is the dilemma of a statesman? The dilemma of a statesman is that he has to operate by making a whole series of judgements that he cannot prove while he's making them. He has to deal with other units whatever they are called. Nations, regions, continents. That are not necessarily subject to his wealth, and he therefore have to strike a balance between the capabilities of the other parties and their intentions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1185.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf he a statesmen can always escape his dilemmas by making the most favorable assumptions about the intentions of other parties. And by assuming that there is no problem, because the other party is always benevolent. If he does that, then of course sooner or later, a situation may arise where his judgment turned out to be wrong.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1231.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd if his judgment turns out to be wrong, it is the essence of statesmanship that you cannot, like an act of admission, say, I've made a terrible mistake. I'm going back to the library and write another book. What you have done is produce something irretrievable. So, therefore, one of the purposes of statesmanship must be to make the intentions of the other side at least partly irrelevant.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1266.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo put yourself into a position where regardless of what the other side may intend, it is not capable of carrying out its designs. In the abstract you would say, therefore, that it is better to gear your policy to the capabilities of the other side rather than to its intentions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1300.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nYet, if you carry this to an extreme, you will be driven into a policy that seeks empire or hegemony. Because the only way you can be sure the other side is not capable of harming you is to reduce it to impotence. Absolute security for one side must mean absolute insecurity for all other sides.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1323.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore the debate that is often going on on whether the purposes, say, of the Soviet Union at defenses or offenses could be beside the point. The key question is not whether a country feels threatened, although that is a key question. But the question is what it takes to reassure it?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1354.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf a country is only reassured by the impotence of all its neighbors. Then the trend of its policy will be towards hegemony whatever its motives may be. And defensive motives can therefore lead to aggressive foreign policies. I don't want to pursue this subject indefinitely, except to say that any statesman must strike a balance between capability and intention.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1379.0,1416.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe cannot rely entirely on the goodwill of another sovereign state, because that would be an abdication of foreign policy. He cannot base his policy entirely on physical pre-eminence because unless he is willing to establish a world empire because this will unite everyone in defences Arrangement. And it will impose a constant policy of divide and rule, pressure, and so forth.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1416.0,1458.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo therefore, the structural problem of foreign policy is to try to find some relationship which assures the relative security. But therefore the relative insecurity of all of the parties. And some common sense of values, so that the participants are submit in an international system, as sufficiently satisfied so that the will not attempt to overthrow the international order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1458.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, having said this, how to apply this to given situations is extremely difficult and has to be adjusted from case to case. And it depends on many factors. It depends first of all on, what is the conception, of what is the sovereign unit. It depends on what is this sovereign units are capable of doing to each other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1506.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd it depends finally what these units want to do to each other. You say, what is the conception of a unit? One tremendous change in the international system occurred at the time of the change from the 18th to the 19th century/ When the Feud Lord had broke down and the National State emerged.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1549.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThis meant automatically that every Feudal ruler was threatened no matter how benevolent, how benevolently he governed. No matter what his intentions were, because what was considered a legitimate political unit had changed its meaning. The same was true during the colonial period, at the end of the colonial period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1575.0,1601.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt is not exactly true that all these colonies felt oppressed at every period in their history. In fact, the few thousand British could not possibly have colonized India except with the support of a significant proportion of the population. What made colonialism intolerable was a change of values that in part was brought in by the colonizers themselves.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1601.0,1631.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that's the concept in the 18th century. The concept that there was an Indian nation was Unheard of. It was the ideas brought in by the colonizers that changed the concepts of what represented legitimate authority. And therefore brought about a revolutionary situation as far as British rule in India was concerned and the same was true in many other Parts of the world.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1631.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'm not justifying what was done. I'm trying to explain this structural aspects of it. So, if you have a change in what is considered a legitimate unit, you will automatically have a transformation at the international system and an endless period of upheaval. And this is one of the problems with the contemporary field.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1662.0,1684.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nit's the essence of decolonization. It's the essence of the interdependence problem. Second problem is, what are nation's capable of doing to each other? In the 18th and 19th century, certainly in the 18th century, it was a matter of total irrelevance whether China was hostile to the west or vice versa.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1684.0,1716.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere was no means that they could interact with each other in any consistent manner. The technical capability for imposing the will of one region on another simply did not exist. And therefore the various regions of the world conducted their foreign policy essentially in isolation from each other, and without even any knowledge from each other and indeed developed a totally different style of foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1716.0,1745.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn Europe, the style of foreign policy that developed was based on a group of more or less equal sovereign states that balanced off each other's power. In Asia, the style of foreign policy that developed was sort of a hegemonial power. Of one country that dominated the whole region by its cultural and physical strength.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1745.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd which never had to think of balance of power, in the normal sense, as it was conceived in the West. And the conduct of foreign policy today, by China for example and Western nations, has for that reason quite different attributes. And of course, the third question is what do nations want to do to each other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1771.0,1798.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr states, or whatever the political unit is, I repeat, all of these factors go into the making of foreign policy. Now, let me talk about a few structural problems as they emerged in western history in the last two centuries, and then answer your questions. Any news man who wants to write something moderately profound, Mentions the enormous debt that I owe to Metternich.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1798.0,1840.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The unfortunate problem is that I really wanted to write a book about this man.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And if want to write about historical lesson. And I only started writing about Metternich as a counterpoise to Bismark in order to understand him. Then what I wrote about Metternich got so long, and I got drawn off in so many other things, that I never got around to finishing a book of this man, which is half written.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1840.0,1873.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it simply isn't true that I was extremely influenced by Metternich who was conditioned. The conditions in which he operated were quite different. However, there are a number of aspects to that period that are fascinating, or that I found fascinating. And one is they managed to create an international system that lasted on the whole 100 years, which is better than any of their successors managed to achieve.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1873.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne of the paradoxes is all of their successors said they were making permanent peace and were lucky if it lasted 20 years. The people who made peace at the Congress of Vienna though they'd be lucky if it lasted a decade. And it lasted 100 years, which shows that statesmen are not always the best practiced.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1913.0,1936.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat do I find interesting about that period? What I find interesting about the period, is that it had in it, many of the elements that reappeared in later periods, though as I said before, it doesn't save you from the problem of recognizing what it is you're looking at.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1936.0,1960.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere was the problem that the hundreds of feudal states in Europe were being consolidated by nationalism into larger units which meant that all the traditional power relationships had to be adjusted both physically and conceptually. There was the fact that as always in revolutionary periods side by side with the emerging new forms there existed the old forms.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1960.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThird, there was the question of the conduct of a major war when Napoleon's invasion of Russia failed, and therefore, the possibility of defeating French hegemony emerged. Now for the American approach to war, the American approach to war had always been that war and peace are discrete elements of policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1999.0,2030.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat you fight war to defeat your enemy, and then you make peace. And then, hopefully, you live happily ever after. The difference in the approach of the statement at the end of a Napoleonic world, and at the end of World War II is very striking. At the end of World War II, you have General Bradley writing in his autobiography, very scathingly about the British.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2030.0,2068.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat the British were obsessed with the Balkans and with Southern Europe. Of course there was no great military goal to be sought but what they lacked in military goals they made up in political opportunity. As if there was something wrong with it, as if it was somehow sacrilegious to seek a political objective in a war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2068.0,2097.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAt the end of the Napoleonic war, structurally a problem very comfortable to the one that existed at the end of World War II arose. And the problem was that as the Russian armies entered central Europe. They would become the dominant factors in European politics. And the more territory they acquired, the more they would be able to determine the shape of this element At the end of World War II practically no attention was paid to this issue.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2097.0,2136.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the post World War II period has been profoundly affected by the decisions that were made as to where the lines of demarcation would be, what political controls could be exercised in areas occupied by military force, and it has taken us 30 years to establish some equilibrium on the continent of Europe.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2136.0,2161.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd even then it has required the permanent presence of American forces to maintain the equilibrium, without going through the diplomacy of the Congress of Vienna and the period preceding it. The interesting thing to me, has been that the chief actors would not permit any military operations to be conducted without having some political goals met.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2161.0,2197.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn other words, they did not side a war for unconditional surrender. They fought the war in which as a price for every Russian advance. Russia had to agree to some political structure which I don't wanna go into now. That in the possible appeal, limited dare capacity to impose their will.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2197.0,2223.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow I admit this is not a very glorious way of fighting a war. On the hand, and if, it has the advantage. That it relates, the bargaining that will follow a war to the actions that occurred during it. The second interesting aspect was the relationship that was established between legitimacy and equilibrium between intentions and capabilities.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2223.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere was an attempt to create a moral consensus on the moral basis that today would be unacceptable but that united enough countries in a common approach. So that they had a stake in maintaining the peace. And there was a rather subtle solution to the problem of Germany. The problem of Germany in Central Europe can be summed up from a structural point of view as follows.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2264.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nGermany located in the center of the continent. Surrounded by many countries, with more border countries adjoining it than anybody else. Either they are been either too strong or too weak for the peace of Europe. When Germany was very weak as it was in 16th, as it was in 17th, and 18th century, it tended invasions from all sides.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2295.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen Germany was very strong, it was tempted to attack all of it's neighbors. Is Germany strong enough to defend itself against all it's neighbours simultaneously? Was also strong enough to defeat each of them singly. And therefore, it had a tendency to produce an armaments race by its very existence, apart from its intention.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2325.0,2351.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow in the period from 1815 to 1860, there was created a loose confederation of German states that was strong enough for defense but too disunited for attack. And that therefore was capable of resisting pressures from the outside without being able to generate pressures of its own. This I think, these are interesting lessons about the relationship between legitimacy and equilibrium and peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2351.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut the really modern period, in my view, started with the advent of Bismarck. Now again without going into the specifics of the diplomacy. What Bismarck actually said was An international system can be based entirely on balance of power. The restraints that were imposed by the common adherence to legitimate principles.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2386.0,2421.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe convictions that were held growing out of the 18th century were so much baggage. Every state should be free to conduct its own policy based on its own conception of the national interest. If it calculated that correctly, it would understand that there are inherent limits to its strength, and therefore, it would produce a rather moderate foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2421.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut at the same time, it placed all the energies on the balance of power. Now, through extraordinary skillful, and I might add, extremely moderate foreign policy, Bismarck managed to create a united Germany. And maintained the peace, For about 40 years, even after he had upset the previous system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2447.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut without going into all of the details, again, I would like to make a number of structural points. One was, That a policy based on pure balance of power is not the easiest, but the most difficult foreign policy to conduct. Because it requires, first of all, a constantly correct assessment of what the elements of power are.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2479.0,2509.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecondly, it requires a total unemotionallity that statesmen are not affected by any other considerations of friendship, of loyalty, to anything other than the national interest. Third, it requires a domestic structure that will support this. Fourth, it requires that there are no permanent friends, but also that there are no permanent enemies.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2509.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause as soon as you have a permanent enemy, the freedom of maneuver is immediately reduced. Now as you know, after Germany defeated France in 1871, the German generals insisted on the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine. Sensing that Bismarck fought very bitterly, which caused him to say, I have a much more than I thought desirable in this war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2542.0,2572.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe result of this was that France became a permanent enemy of Germany. And the Germany's freedom of manuever, therefore, was reduced. Indeed, there was this paradox that developed. Once Germany was united, it produced structurally the very dangers that it sought to avoid. Once Germany was divided, it became a threat to each of its neighbors individually.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2572.0,2607.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd thereby became forced then, by it's very existence, into an alliance with each other. And as it did so, The very attempt by later German leaders, unimaginative, to become more reliable and more steady, compounded their problem. Because the less they were capable of conducting a flexible policy, the more they were gonna unite everybody against them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2607.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, I mention all of this because I believe that the great tragedy in Western history has been the outbreak of World War I. There was no reason for World War I that justified the enormous casualties that were inflicted. The destruction of material and human values, and the overthrow of practically all political systems that entered the war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2643.0,2677.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe reason was a unfortunate combination of circumstances. First, the fact that, in the best of circumstances, when a new state enters the international system of the power of Germany, it has a profoundly unsettling effect. As we experience now in the growth of Soviet power. When a country acquires suddenly and dramatically in a relatively short period of time, and no immense additional resources of power, it forces adjustments on everybody.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2677.0,2716.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd when that country then is led by mediocre leaders, unaware of the historical implications of what they're doing, the situation can become extremely, it became quite uncontrollable. Cuz the great temptation, Let me put it this way. What the balance of power system that Bismarck created imposed on Europe was that there needed to be great statesmen in every generation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2716.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe fact of the matter is that most statesmen are mediocre. And it was not evil intention, but mediocrity, that produced World War I. None of the political leaders of Europe understood that one, their system was tending towards confrontation. None of them understood that a war with modern weapons would be violently destructive.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2759.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNone of them understood that they were making military plans that would spread a war over, at least, all of Europe. None of them understood that they were heading into a four-year conflict. The Germans started out with what was called the nightmare of coalitions. And started making military plans to protect themselves against the worst contingency, which would be an attack from both sides.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2795.0,2829.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey then modified it to a plan to knock out one of their opponents quickly, so that they could turn on the other. And the next thing one knew was that the military said, first they said, what if there is a two-front war? And which they then changed, what if there isn't a two-front war?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2829.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo finally by the turn of the century, the German military plans required that even if one of their neighbors did not attack them, they would have to attack them. Because they had to knock somebody out before the other one mobilized Each of the European countries drew lessons from history that made a catastrophe inevitable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2850.0,2878.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Austrians decided that Serbia was like Sardinia and that they had to knock it out before it organized all of the Balkans. And all of them had made military plans in which the military decisions ran away with the political decisions. [INAUDIBLE] end of June 1914, when the archduke was assassinated, no European leader thought that there was a very serious crisis.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2878.0,2906.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they all went on vacation, except, unfortunately, the Austrian ones.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e By the time they came back from vacation, well, the French went on a state visit to Russia, and the German emperor went into the Norwegian fjords. By the time they were all back in their capitals, so many military dispositions had been taken that nobody understood that the mobilization schedules ran away with their political decision making.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2906.0,2939.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, I put so much emphasis on this because I believe, strongly, that there must be a balance of power. But I believe, also, that if a balance of power becomes an end in itself, it has its own self-destructive tendencies. I believe, very much, that a country without [INAUDIBLE] will, sooner or later, become the plaything of forces out of its control.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2939.0,2971.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut I believe, also, that a country that makes its decisions dependent only on military considerations will be dragged into adventures, the consequences it cannot foresee. We have to learn from World War II, in which a preponderance of strength in one country tempted it to attack. But we also have to learn from World War II, one, where an equivalence of strength produced a war because nobody knew how to get it under political control and how to put it into the service of foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2971.0,3009.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I would urge anybody who wants to write a paper on the topic to study the diplomacy of July 1914 and to see how none of the statesmen had the foggiest idea of going to war. They thought they were going into a crisis similar to one they had happily surmounted, no, not happily, but easily surmounted many times in the previous decade.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3009.0,3035.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere isn't one leader in Europe who would have gone to war in August 1914 if he had known what the world would look like in 1918. And the big watershed in European politics was not World War II. World War II was morally acceptable because one fought against absolute evil.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3035.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWorld War I, coming at the end of a century of belief in uninterrupted progress, and then slaughtering 10 million people for a purpose that nobody could really describe. Of course, it was all very well to say the Kaiser had to be overthrown. They thought of him as preposterous, as a loud mouth, and a lot of other things.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3056.0,3078.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut he had never been considered the incarnation of evil, until mounting casualties forced each country to invent war aims to justify what they had already done. So this is something that has to be understood. Now, the next thing is here was a war fought to destroy German hegemony, which is followed by a peace settlement, which actually, from the point of view of German hegemony, was more favorable to Germany than the world that existed previously.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3078.0,3117.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBefore World War I, there were two great powers on each side of Germany. There was France on the one side, and Russia on the other. There was Britain, commanding the seas. After World War I, the people who made the peace, paying no attention to the structural problems of peace, created a world which was basically more favorable to German expansion than the world that had existed before World War I.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3117.0,3153.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was more favorable to German expansion because Germany was surrounded on all sides by weak successor states of uncertain domestic strength, none of which was capable of resisting Germany. Moreover, the Soviet Union had either taken itself out, or was pushed out, or a combination of both, out of the European system altogether by adopting the communist system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3153.0,3183.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd all of these weak states around Germany were at least as afraid of the Soviet Union as they were of Germany. So the only hope there was for European peace was French vigilance. The only way peace could be preserved under the Treaty of Versailles would be if France had a hair-trigger response and, at the slightest sign of German aggressiveness, would react.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3183.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe only hope for maintaining the peace was to keep Germany permanently disarmed, which imposed, again, on France, the permanent obligation of becoming the policeman of Europe. France, having just lost 5% of its population killed in the war, 2 million people, and that in the younger age group, killed in the war, was in absolutely no position to carry on such a road.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3214.0,3241.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd Britain even less so, because Britain, historically, was simply applying the lessons of its history, which was to back the weaker against the stronger. So therefore, they tended to back Germany against France. [COUGH] The incongruity of the Versailles system was shown by the fact that, what did the French do, given this political and military problem?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3241.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey built the Maginot Line. The Maginot Line testified to the fact that Germany would sooner or later become predominant in Europe, because the only way the Versailles agreement could be maintained would be through an offensive French strategy. As soon as the French withdrew into the Maginot Line, it, in effect, said, go and take Eastern Europe.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3269.0,3293.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen you attack us, we'll defend ourselves. So even without the Nazis, in fact, what kept Germany from dominating Europe, in my view, was the Nazis. If they had moved more slowly, the structure of the Versailles settlement was more favorable for Germany than the previous system. It was very onerous, it was very arduous, it was bound to inflame Germany.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3293.0,3324.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt was one of the unwisest settlements ever made, in my view, but that's not the issue. The issue is how statesmen can misconceive, in my view, their structural problems and their balance of power problems. Now therefore, when Hitler took over in Germany, he had a relatively easy situation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3324.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAll he had to do was rearm and reoccupy the Rhineland, and Eastern Europe was defenseless. And once the French did not move when he reoccupied the Rhineland, it was all over, from a structural point of view. It was just a question of time. And method how Eastern Europe would fall under German hegemony.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3347.0,3371.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, let me make a brief observation about the structure of the world after World War II. After World War II, the problem of German hegemony disappeared. But there suddenly emerged another colossal country spreading itself into the center of Europe. Now in contrast to the period of the Congress of Vienna, none of the statesmen except perhaps Churchill Of World War II gave any attention to what would happen in the post war period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3371.0,3405.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nYou read the memoirs of American statesmen, and I have here somewhere, and it's easy to find whole catalog of horrors of what American leaders in World War II were saying. And anybody who raised, to an American at that time, the problem of the post war period was considered outrageous.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3405.0,3425.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe were determined not to discuss the post-war period while the war was going on. We were determined that we we were gonna base the post-war period on good faith and getting along with everybody, and that the victors in World War II would work together in the post-war period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3425.0,3444.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat we certainly, I don't know whether it could have been prevented, we will never know this. What we do know is that practically no attention was paid to the issue of structure until Soviet armies were in the centre of Europe. Eastern Europe was under communist domination, and there no longer existed any possibility for balancing Russian power through European sources, for the first time in European history.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3444.0,3483.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe second problem which was not forseeable was that in the post war period for the first time in history, the various elements of power became in congruence with each other. Right up to the end of World War II, there was almost always a direct relationship between economic power, and military power, and political power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3483.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8224/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt never happened before that a country could be economically very strong and militarily very weak or very rarely did it happen. Now, the various elements of power have become quiet in congress. It is possible to be militarily very strong and economically of moderate strength. It is possible to be economically very strong, such as Japan and to be militarily extremely weak.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3509.0,3552.13059"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0931_0001_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faster implications for\nthe present and the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3.0,6.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was about some nine months ago\nthat Dorothy Brown, the chairman of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=6.32,10.421"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Department of History, Walter Laqueur,\nchairman of our international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=10.421,15.017"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research council, who regrets that\nteaching duties at Harvard today prevented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=15.017,19.826"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him from being here and myself had\nsome discussions about such a series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=19.826,24.163"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was not until\nJules Davids was designated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=24.163,28.192"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the program director that\nwe got the structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=28.192,32.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Brown discussed the series with\nher full faculty in the Department of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=32.69,38.836"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History, then discussions with\nthe School of Foreign Service and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=38.836,43.971"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Davids was designated\nas the project director.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=43.971,48.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He worked very well in developing\nan extremely coherent series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=48.573,53.936"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I believe has gone far\nbeyond the original expectations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=53.936,59.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ray Khan was particularly helpful\nin getting George Kennan and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=59.95,66.061"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one other lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=66.061,68.028"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With today we will have\nhad six lectures for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=68.028,71.073"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the benefit of those that may\nnot have been to all of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=71.073,75.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First was Dr Ernest May on the uses and\nmisuses of history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=75.14,80.055"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Trask on the legacy of World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=80.055,83.478"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maurice Matlaw from the legacy\nof World War II, George Kinnen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=83.478,87.058"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the lessons of containment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=87.058,88.865"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, it's more on Russia past and\npresent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=88.865,96.081"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e And I regret that that had to be\na small group because he was testing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=96.081,101.759"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ideas and Professor John Lewis\nGaddis' Containment Strategies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=101.759,107.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Kennan to Kissinger and\nfinally our lecture today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=107.439,113.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a pleasure to have the Dean\nof the Colleges of Arts and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=113.15,117.805"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sciences with us today, Holly Davis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=117.805,120.946"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now I turn to Jules David,\nGeorgetown's own as I think all of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=120.946,125.995"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of you, know he arrived in\n1943 at Georgetown, PhD in 1947.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=125.995,131.408"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has written or edited a host of books,\nAmerican World of our time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=131.408,135.972"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"US Diplomacy in the 20th Century,\nUnited States and World Affairs with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=135.972,141.026"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Council on Foreign Relations most recently\nperspectives in American diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=141.026,146.749"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's on the editorial board of\nAmerican Jewish Historical Quarterly and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=146.749,151.501"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's a very valued member of our\nInternational Research Council, Jules?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=151.501,156.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=156.439,160.262"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[CROSSTALK]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=160.262,164.085"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE] pretty sure [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=164.085,169.236"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I just wanted to say a few words on\nbehalf of the university to welcome you to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=169.236,173.119"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, the last of the seminar series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=173.119,176.188"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also wanna take the opportunity again\non behalf of the university to thank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=176.188,181.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially the center for strategic\nstudies, our own history department and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=181.08,186.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the school of foreign service and of\ncourse to thank all those who participated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=186.27,191.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the series over the period\nthat they've been held.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=191.08,195.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the very title of the seminars,\nlessons of the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=195.38,201.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their implications for the present and\nthe future indicate their aptness for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=201.26,206.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking place within a university setting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=206.36,208.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps no other institution on\nthe American scene bears a heavier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=209.63,213.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsibility for studying and\nquestioning the past so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=213.79,218.445"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the present be made more intelligible and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=218.445,222.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the future clearer for\nplanning in hope and in peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=222.3,226.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The quality of the seminar leaders\nhave been extraordinarily high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=227.75,231.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all have been scholars and\nobservers of the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=231.64,234.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all have contributed to\nthe shaping of the present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=234.64,237.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None I believe has\ncontributed as much sense so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=238.56,241.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"significantly as our present\nseminar leader, Dr. Kissinger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=241.99,245.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let me welcome you again to this\nthe final session, about the present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=246.45,251.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we always have much to learn and some of\nwhat we learn can only be understood in so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=251.87,257.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far as we hear and question those\nwho contributed to its quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=257.81,263.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I would just like to express\nmy thanks to the center, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=268.968,272.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular to David Ackshire, for really\nmaking this series of programs possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=272.359,277.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's worked out quite well, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=278.69,280.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're delighted, naturally,\ntoday to have Dr. Kissinger with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=280.97,285.431"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our program for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=286.64,288.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those of you who have not participated\nin some of our other sessions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=288.6,292.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've tried to do two things, first\nto deal with contemporary affairs and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=292.82,298.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assess the value of history as this is\nseen from the perspective of the scholar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=298.77,305.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policymaker, the diplomatist,\nand the strategist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=305.5,309.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And second, we've tried to provide\na forum where students and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=309.48,313.464"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faculty on the main campus, largely\nassociated with the History Department and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=313.464,318.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the School of Foreign Service, the\ngraduate school, and today, I believe we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=318.579,323.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a number of law School students and\nsome of our faculty professors with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=323.54,328.611"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to welcome them, and of course\nstudents from our graduate school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=328.611,334.988"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we are trying to do is to\nconsider the broad problems and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=334.988,339.999"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issues that are of historical concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=339.999,343.425"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Kissinger has many\nunique distinctions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=343.425,348.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is our only Secretary of State\nwho has been a career scholar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=348.63,353.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=353.06,355.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is the only one who has\nbeen born in Europe and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=355.33,359.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only person who has served\na president directly, with no","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=359.16,364.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"official position in the State Department\nCongress, or the Military services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=364.96,370.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A status which changed only in 1973 when\nhe was named the secretary of State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=370.02,375.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that Dr.\nKissinger will certainly not remember this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=377.57,381.949"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keen as his memory might be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=383.62,385.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, when I was with the council\non foreign relations as a staff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=387.14,391.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associate from 1963 to 1965,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=391.88,395.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I participated in a number of seminars\nwith Doctor Kissinger at the council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=395.01,400.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any of you who are familiar with\nthe Council of Foreign Relations know 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here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=412.11,417.327"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a virtually day,\nafternoon, evening basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=417.327,423.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it was at this time that around\n1963 to 65, that I undertook the 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1964.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=432.63,437.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was some 12 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=437.49,439.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I tried to think about some of those\nseminars that I participated in to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=440.318,444.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help me in the writing of the book,\nthey were quite frequent I can assure you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=444.68,449.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, I can't for the life of me really\nrecall what these seminars were 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quiet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=477.37,482.178"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Profound and absorbed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=482.178,485.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But keep in mind that this is some 12,\n13 years 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articulate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=495.98,497.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Invariably, when Rodzinski\nexhausted himself, Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=498.91,503.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kissinger would then respond with\na few well chosen words 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out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=515.695,520.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was Dr. Kissinger who was to make the\nfull first dress entry into public life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=520.93,526.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was to do so at a great time of\ncrisis in the nation's history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=528.09,532.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Controversy will surround\nthe Nixon administration for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=534.54,537.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many years to come, but\nwhen historians look back, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=537.56,541.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surely they will find that during\nthe period of the Nixon and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=541.58,546.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ford administrations, it was Dr.\nKissinger that helped to steady the 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observed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=556.19,561.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Dr. Kissinger who clearly\nelaborated the tactics of diplomacy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=561.5,565.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carried them out often in\na highly personal style.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=565.99,569.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Kissinger is generally credited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=569.93,575.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with advancing the balance of power\nconcept in diplomacy and world 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but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=606.92,611.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather a general approach that\ndepended as much on the subtleties and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=611.75,617.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sensitivities of the practitioner\nas on anything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=617.9,622.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as a final note I'd\njust like to add this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=622.65,627.467"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a comment of a writer,\nan interesting remark that he 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particularly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=639.76,645.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prone Is to aim directly for peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=645.21,649.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A statesman who wishes nothing 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interests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=658.955,662.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than peace itself, may be able\nto balance and limit their demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=662.19,667.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The resulting equilibrium which Kissinger\ncalled a legitimate international 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Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=680.78,683.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kissinger appeared to have\nchanged some of his perceptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=683.36,688.859"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the perceptions\nof the American people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=690.0,693.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To a considerable degree, it was\nthe impact of these changed perceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=695.29,699.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were to greatly alter\nthe character of the cold war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=700.86,704.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to later comment\non some of these remarks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=706.99,710.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to tie them in with a question\nthat might form a bridge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=710.94,716.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between our previous speakers and\nDr. Kissinger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=716.6,721.817"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the moment,\nit's with great pleasure that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=721.817,725.635"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wish to turn the session over to Dr.\nKissinger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=725.635,729.554"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=732.718,735.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I thought that it\nwould be most useful if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=735.95,741.572"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we could leave as much\ntime as possible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=741.572,747.038"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discussion rather than for\na lecture by me and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=747.038,752.973"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't really have a formal lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=752.973,758.149"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have been struck, Although I\nwill not talk about this subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=758.149,764.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's something that historians\nought to reflect about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=764.426,767.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been struck by the difficulty\nin the contemporary period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=768.35,772.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of forming reasonable\nhistorical judgements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=772.76,775.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the period about which I was writing,\nwhen I was a scholar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=777.46,782.425"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primarily the communications between\ndiplomats and their governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=782.425,788.444"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were very difficult and\ntherefore it was necessary for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=788.444,793.219"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the governments to cater out\nthe conceptions instruction and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=793.219,798.185"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the diplomats to\nexplain their philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=798.185,802.125"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was impossible to the participants\nat the Congress, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=802.125,806.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the participants at the Congress of\nVienna, for example, to receive day to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=806.0,810.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day tactical instructions on how\nthey should conduct their affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=810.96,815.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the historian\ncan read the documents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=816.57,819.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are not all that plentiful,\nmercifully, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=820.96,826.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can form some impression of what it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=826.08,831.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the various individuals\nwanted to achieve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=831.24,835.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the contemporary period,\nthe communication is instantaneous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=837.21,842.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore there's no need\nto give an explanation 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of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=880.5,885.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"material accumulates,\nthat can be selectively leaked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=885.7,889.632"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that cannot possibly be\nstudied by any one scholar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=889.632,893.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The instructions go out in so\nmany different channels and in so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=895.3,898.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many different forms of classification,\nthat for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=898.69,901.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody who has not been\na participant it is going to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=901.97,904.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll dare say impossible to determine\nwhat was crucial and what was peripheral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=904.82,910.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was written to keep\nthe bureaucracy quiet, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=910.57,912.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was written to be implemented,\nwhat was written for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=912.8,917.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"purposes of later disclosure and what was\nwritten in order to be really carried out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=917.99,923.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, I was sorely tempted to\ngive a presentation here of current","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=924.62,929.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myths of what happened\nin the last ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=929.91,935.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not from the point of view of\nwho was right or wrong, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=935.71,940.424"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply from the point of\nview of the enormous factual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=940.424,944.935"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inaccuracies that\nare constantly being repeated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=944.935,949.243"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a whole set of issues\nthat one could enumerate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=949.243,954.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I will forgo this temptation\nbecause it really wouldn't be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=954.67,959.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all that useful to you so,\nthough it would be fun for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=959.08,961.998"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[LAUGH]\nAnd I thought that what I would do, you're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=961.998,967.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"free to ask me in the question period,\nabout any subject that concerns you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=967.77,974.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I thought I would do is\nto discuss the problem of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=974.23,979.605"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"statesmanship as it appears to\nme how history relates to it and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=979.605,986.105"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to illustrate it by some examples from\nthe historical events of the 19th and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=986.105,994.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20th century with particular\nemphasis to the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=994.23,1000.105"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the structure of\nthe international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1000.105,1004.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the first point I would\nlike to make is that the conduct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1008.839,1014.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of foreign policy is a form of art,\nand not a precise science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1014.64,1021.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something the professor said\nvery difficult to grasp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1021.0,1026.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it were a precise science,\nanybody could learn it and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1027.58,1033.089"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore you could lay down precise\nconceptual rules that are more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1033.089,1040.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less universally valid\nthat anybody can follow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1040.008,1044.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the conduct of foreign policy,\nno matter what general principles you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1046.739,1051.637"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"establish, requires in each instance\na recognition of comparable situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1051.637,1057.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can talk here forever about\nthe balance of power or legitimacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1057.95,1064.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The impact of personality and\nyet as each new case arises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1065.86,1072.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that knowledge will be empty if you do not\nunderstand what the elements of power are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1073.65,1078.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How legitimacy is conceived, what\nthe impact of structure on events can be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1079.21,1086.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That requires an intuitive feeling\nwhich can be partly taught,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1088.09,1095.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but which is partly indefinable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1095.05,1100.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I think it is clear in history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1100.82,1103.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that no international order\nhas ever lasted indefinitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1105.13,1110.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you can call me a pessimist, I'm\nsimply saying this is a fact of history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1111.89,1116.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since we live in a period characterized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1117.72,1120.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by unusual brilliance of\ninternational leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1120.8,1123.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We will no doubt achieve\na permanent international order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1124.34,1129.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be in produce to change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1130.64,1133.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I do not wish to leave\nthe impression with you ladies and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1134.53,1138.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gentlemen that I would not\nhappily settle for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1138.19,1142.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All I'm saying is that in the 5,000\nyears of recorded history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1142.37,1146.461"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most every international has ever\nexisted has sooner or later collapsed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1146.461,1151.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This must have some objective causes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1156.378,1162.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if we remedy them all,\nin our lifetime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1162.44,1165.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we are lucky,\neven in one administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1167.19,1169.163"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difficulty arises, first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1175.597,1180.362"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the obligations of a statesman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1180.362,1185.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the dilemma of a statesman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1185.33,1187.546"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dilemma of a statesman is\nthat he has to operate by making","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1190.748,1196.001"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whole series of judgements that he\ncannot prove while he's making them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1196.001,1202.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has to deal with other units\nwhatever they are called.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1204.29,1209.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nations, regions, continents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1209.85,1211.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That are not necessarily\nsubject to his wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1213.43,1218.532"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he therefore have to strike\na balance between the capabilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1218.532,1224.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the other parties and their intentions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1224.79,1229.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he a statesmen can always escape\nhis dilemmas by making the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1231.16,1236.467"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"favorable assumptions about\nthe intentions of other parties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1236.467,1241.693"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by assuming that there is no problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1244.375,1247.411"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the other party\nis always benevolent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1247.411,1250.899"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he does that,\nthen of course sooner or later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1254.278,1258.797"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a situation may arise where his\njudgment turned out to be wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1258.797,1264.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if his judgment turns out to be wrong,\nit is the essence of statesmanship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1266.36,1271.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you cannot, like an act of admission,\nsay, I've made a terrible mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1271.55,1278.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going back to the library and\nwrite another book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1278.03,1280.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you have done is produce\nsomething irretrievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1282.34,1287.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, therefore, one of the purposes\nof statesmanship must be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1289.43,1293.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make the intentions of the other\nside at least partly irrelevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1295.43,1299.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To put yourself into a position where\nregardless of what the other side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1300.95,1305.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may intend, it is not capable\nof carrying out its designs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1305.85,1310.014"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the abstract you would say, therefore,\nthat it is better to gear your policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1313.276,1318.186"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the capabilities of the other\nside rather than to its intentions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1318.186,1322.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet, if you carry this to an extreme,\nyou will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1323.87,1328.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven into a policy that seeks empire or\nhegemony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1328.65,1333.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the only way you can be\nsure the other side is not capable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1335.35,1339.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of harming you is to\nreduce it to impotence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1339.97,1343.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Absolute security for one side must mean\nabsolute insecurity for all other sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1344.85,1351.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the debate that is often\ngoing on on whether the purposes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1354.26,1359.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say, of the Soviet Union at defenses or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1359.75,1364.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offenses could be beside the point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1364.35,1367.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The key question is not whether\na country feels threatened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1368.74,1373.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although that is a key question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1373.21,1374.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the question is what\nit takes to reassure it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1375.6,1378.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a country is only reassured by\nthe impotence of all its neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1379.21,1382.979"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the trend of its policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1384.72,1388.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be towards hegemony\nwhatever its motives may be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1389.57,1394.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And defensive motives can therefore\nlead to aggressive foreign policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1395.15,1400.441"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to pursue\nthis subject indefinitely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1402.952,1407.797"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except to say that any\nstatesman must strike a balance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1407.797,1412.752"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between capability and intention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1412.752,1416.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He cannot rely entirely on the goodwill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1416.18,1421.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of another sovereign state, because that\nwould be an abdication of foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1421.27,1426.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He cannot base his policy entirely\non physical pre-eminence because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1427.63,1434.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless he is willing to establish\na world empire because this will unite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1434.27,1439.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everyone in defences Arrangement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1439.75,1445.409"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it will impose a constant\npolicy of divide and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1447.699,1453.983"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rule, pressure, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1453.983,1458.281"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So therefore, the structural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1458.281,1463.859"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem of foreign policy is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1463.859,1469.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to find some relationship which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1469.008,1475.873"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assures the relative security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1475.873,1481.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But therefore the relative\ninsecurity of all of the 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so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1494.085,1500.584"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the will not attempt to\noverthrow the international order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1500.584,1506.659"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, having said this, how to apply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1506.659,1511.681"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this to given situations\nis extremely difficult and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1511.681,1518.809"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be adjusted from case to case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1518.809,1523.839"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it depends on many factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1526.05,1530.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It depends first of all on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1530.37,1533.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the conception,\nof what is the sovereign unit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1534.39,1538.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It depends on what is this sovereign\nunits are capable of doing to each 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19th","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1563.91,1568.995"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"century/ When the Feud Lord had broke\ndown and the National State emerged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1568.995,1574.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This meant automatically that\nevery Feudal ruler was 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period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1596.11,1600.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not exactly true\nthat all these colonies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1601.84,1607.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt oppressed at every\nperiod in their history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1607.66,1610.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the few thousand British could\nnot possibly have colonized India","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1611.95,1617.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except with the support of a significant\nproportion of the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1617.72,1621.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What made colonialism intolerable\nwas a change of values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1623.17,1627.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in part was brought in\nby the colonizers themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1627.86,1631.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the concept\nin the 18th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1631.81,1635.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The concept that there was\nan Indian nation was Unheard 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world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1656.54,1662.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not justifying what was done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1662.78,1664.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm trying to explain this\nstructural aspects of 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system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1676.83,1680.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an endless period of upheaval.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1680.13,1682.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is one of the problems\nwith the contemporary field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1682.31,1684.905"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the essence of decolonization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1684.905,1686.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the essence of\nthe interdependence 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exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1725.83,1730.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the various regions of\nthe world conducted their foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1731.53,1735.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially in isolation from each other,\nand without even any 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power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1757.198,1763.948"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of one country that dominated\nthe whole region by its cultural and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1763.948,1769.676"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1769.676,1771.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And which never had to\nthink of balance of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1771.56,1777.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the normal sense,\nas it was conceived in the West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1777.36,1781.099"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the conduct of foreign policy today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1782.64,1786.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by China for example and\nWestern nations, has for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1786.61,1791.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that reason quite different attributes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1791.373,1795.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, the third question is what\ndo nations want to do to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1795.466,1798.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or states, or\nwhatever the political unit is, I repeat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1798.93,1804.621"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of these factors go into\nthe making of foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1804.621,1810.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me talk about a few\nstructural problems as they emerged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1810.325,1815.352"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in western history in the last two\ncenturies, and then answer your questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1815.352,1821.604"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any news man who wants to write\nsomething moderately profound,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1823.16,1827.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mentions the enormous debt\nthat I owe to Metternich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1833.932,1840.629"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The unfortunate problem is that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1840.629,1845.613"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really wanted to write\na book about this man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1845.613,1848.617"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1848.617,1850.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if want to write about historical lesson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1850.078,1855.403"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I only started writing about\nMetternich as a counterpoise to Bismark","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1855.403,1859.958"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to understand him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1859.958,1862.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then what I wrote about Metternich got so\nlong, and I got drawn off in so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1862.27,1866.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many other things, that I never got\naround to finishing a book of this man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1866.02,1870.601"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is half written.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1870.601,1871.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it simply isn't true\nthat I was extremely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1873.9,1879.091"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"influenced by Metternich\nwho was conditioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1879.091,1884.857"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The conditions in which he\noperated were quite different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1884.857,1887.831"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, there are a number of\naspects to that period that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1887.831,1894.598"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are fascinating, or\nthat I found fascinating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1894.598,1900.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one is they managed to create\nan international system that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1900.73,1904.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lasted on the whole 100 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1904.76,1907.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is better than any of their\nsuccessors managed to achieve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1907.21,1912.057"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the paradoxes is all of their\nsuccessors said they were making permanent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1913.59,1917.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peace and\nwere lucky if it lasted 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1917.37,1919.599"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who made peace at\nthe Congress of Vienna though they'd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1920.72,1924.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be lucky if it lasted a decade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1924.38,1926.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it lasted 100 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1926.91,1929.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which shows that statesmen are not\nalways the best practiced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1929.34,1934.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do I find interesting\nabout that period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1936.52,1940.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I find interesting about the period,\nis that it had in it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1942.65,1946.917"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the elements that reappeared in\nlater periods, though as I said before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1946.917,1952.393"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't save you from the problem of\nrecognizing what it is you're looking at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1952.393,1958.056"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was the problem that the hundreds\nof feudal states in Europe were being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1960.579,1965.792"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consolidated by nationalism into larger\nunits which meant that all the traditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1965.792,1971.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"power relationships had to be adjusted\nboth physically and conceptually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1971.577,1976.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was the fact that as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1978.33,1983.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always in revolutionary\nperiods side by side with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1983.55,1988.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the emerging new forms there\nexisted the old forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1990.71,1997.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third, there was the question\nof the conduct of a major war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=1999.12,2004.365"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Napoleon's invasion of Russia failed,\nand therefore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2004.365,2010.041"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the possibility of defeating\nFrench hegemony emerged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2010.041,2015.196"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now for the American approach to war,\nthe American approach to war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2017.669,2023.115"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had always been that war and\npeace are discrete elements of policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2023.115,2028.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That you fight war to defeat your enemy,\nand then you make peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2030.22,2036.018"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, hopefully,\nyou live happily ever after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2036.018,2043.061"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difference in the approach\nof the statement at the end of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2046.636,2051.286"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Napoleonic world, and at the end\nof World War II is very striking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2051.286,2056.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the end of World War II,\nyou have General Bradley writing in his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2058.82,2062.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"autobiography, very\nscathingly about the British.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2062.76,2068.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the British were obsessed with\nthe Balkans and with Southern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2068.96,2074.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course there was no great\nmilitary goal to be sought but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2074.87,2079.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they lacked in military goals\nthey made up in political opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2079.23,2084.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As if there was something wrong with 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resisting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2367.29,2370.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressures from the outside without being\nable to generate pressures of its own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2370.99,2375.889"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This I think, these are interesting\nlessons about the relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2377.1,2382.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between legitimacy and\nequilibrium and peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2382.29,2386.734"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the really modern period, in my view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2386.734,2392.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started with the advent of Bismarck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2392.426,2397.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now again without going into\nthe specifics of the diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2399.5,2402.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What Bismarck actually said was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2404.25,2406.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An international system can be\nbased entirely on balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2407.565,2411.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The restraints that were imposed by the\ncommon adherence to legitimate principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2413.19,2419.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The convictions that were held growing out\nof the 18th century were so much baggage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2421.51,2427.982"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every state should be free to\nconduct its own policy based on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2427.982,2432.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its own conception of\nthe national interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2432.82,2436.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it calculated that correctly, it would\nunderstand that there are inherent limits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2438.03,2442.897"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to its strength, and therefore, it would\nproduce a rather moderate foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2442.897,2447.842"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time, it placed all\nthe energies on the balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2447.842,2455.106"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, through extraordinary skillful,\nand I might add,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2455.106,2460.038"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely moderate foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2460.038,2463.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bismarck managed to\ncreate a united Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2463.26,2467.197"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maintained the peace, For","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2467.197,2473.697"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 40 years, even after he\nhad upset the previous system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2473.697,2479.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But without going into all of the details,\nagain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2479.14,2482.332"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to make a number\nof structural 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are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2502.122,2509.452"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, it requires a total\nunemotionallity that statesmen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2509.452,2515.608"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not affected by any other\nconsiderations of friendship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2515.608,2521.536"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of loyalty, to anything other\nthan the national interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2521.536,2527.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third, it requires a domestic\nstructure that will support 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reduced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2545.911,2550.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now as you know,\nafter Germany defeated France in 1871,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2550.67,2556.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the German generals insisted on\nthe annexation of Alsace-Lorraine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2556.17,2562.534"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sensing that Bismarck fought very\nbitterly, which caused him to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2562.534,2568.322"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a much more than I\nthought desirable in this war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2568.322,2572.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The result of this was that France\nbecame a permanent enemy of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2572.78,2578.797"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Germany's freedom of manuever,\ntherefore, was reduced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2578.797,2583.629"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, there was this\nparadox that developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2585.71,2590.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once Germany was united,\nit produced structurally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2590.8,2597.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very dangers that it sought to avoid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2597.17,2602.244"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once Germany was divided,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2602.244,2604.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it became a threat to each of\nits neighbors individually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2604.008,2607.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thereby became forced then,\nby it's very existence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2607.78,2613.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into an alliance with each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2613.28,2616.477"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as it did so,\nThe very attempt by later German leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2621.003,2627.988"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unimaginative, to become more reliable and\nmore steady, compounded their problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2627.988,2634.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the less they were capable\nof conducting a flexible policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2635.94,2640.348"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more they were gonna\nunite everybody against them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2640.348,2643.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I mention all of this because\nI believe that the great tragedy in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2643.93,2650.919"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Western history has been\nthe outbreak of World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2650.919,2656.358"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was no reason for\nWorld War I that justified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2660.404,2664.805"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the enormous casualties\nthat were inflicted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2664.805,2669.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The destruction of material and\nhuman values, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2669.19,2672.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the overthrow of practically all\npolitical systems that entered the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2672.32,2676.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason was a unfortunate\ncombination of circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2677.76,2681.279"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, the fact that,\nin the best of circumstances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2682.8,2689.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when a new state enters the international\nsystem of the power of Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2689.03,2693.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has a profoundly unsettling effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2695.03,2697.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As we experience now in\nthe growth of Soviet 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2705.475,2708.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no immense additional resources of power,\nit forces adjustments on everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2708.855,2714.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when that country then\nis led by mediocre leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2716.4,2723.335"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unaware of the historical\nimplications of what they're doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2723.335,2731.628"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the situation can become extremely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2731.628,2736.454"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it became quite uncontrollable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2736.454,2740.844"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuz the great temptation,\nLet me put it this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2740.844,2747.259"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the balance of power system\nthat Bismarck created imposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2747.259,2752.294"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Europe was that there needed to be\ngreat statesmen in every generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2752.294,2758.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact of the matter is that\nmost statesmen are mediocre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2759.48,2764.615"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was not evil intention, but\nmediocrity, that produced World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2764.615,2771.571"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of the political leaders\nof Europe understood that one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2774.578,2779.794"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their system was tending\ntowards 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destructive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2789.19,2793.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of them understood that\nthey were making military plans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2795.45,2800.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would spread a war over,\nat least, all of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2802.28,2807.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of them understood that they were\nheading into a four-year conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2809.82,2812.937"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans started out with what was\ncalled the nightmare of coalitions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2815.45,2819.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And started making\nmilitary plans to protect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2821.26,2823.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves against the worst contingency,\nwhich would be an attack from both sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2823.86,2828.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They then modified it to a plan to knock\nout one of their opponents quickly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2829.69,2834.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that they could turn on the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2834.93,2836.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the next thing one knew\nwas that the military said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2836.02,2841.452"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first they said,\nwhat if there is a two-front 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even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2850.23,2856.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if one of their neighbors did not attack\nthem, they would have to attack them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2856.59,2859.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they had to knock somebody\nout before the other one mobilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2859.77,2865.296"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each of the European\ncountries drew lessons from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2870.225,2874.355"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history that made\na catastrophe inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2874.355,2878.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Austrians decided that\nSerbia was like Sardinia and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2878.9,2882.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had to knock it out before\nit organized all of the Balkans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2882.38,2886.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of them had made military plans\nin which the military decisions ran away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2887.16,2891.981"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the political decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2891.981,2893.965"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] end of June 1914,\nwhen the archduke was assassinated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2893.965,2900.248"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no European leader thought that\nthere was a very serious crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2900.248,2906.017"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they all went on vacation, except,\nunfortunately, the Austrian ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2906.017,2910.544"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e By the time they came back from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2910.544,2913.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacation, well, the French went\non a state visit to Russia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2913.86,2919.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the German emperor went\ninto the Norwegian fjords.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2919.18,2921.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the time they were all\nback in their capitals, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2921.51,2926.013"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many military dispositions had\nbeen taken that nobody understood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2926.013,2931.882"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the mobilization schedules ran away\nwith their political decision making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2931.882,2939.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I put so\nmuch emphasis on this because I believe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2939.129,2943.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strongly, that there must\nbe a balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2943.48,2947.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I believe, also, that if a balance\nof power becomes an end in itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2947.466,2953.418"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has its own\nself-destructive tendencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2953.418,2957.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe, very much,\nthat a country without [INAUDIBLE] will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2958.61,2964.766"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sooner or later, become the plaything\nof forces out of its control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2964.766,2971.385"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I believe, also, that a country\nthat makes its decisions dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2971.385,2976.674"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only on military considerations\nwill be dragged into adventures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2976.674,2981.618"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the consequences it cannot foresee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2981.618,2984.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to learn from World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2985.79,2988.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which a preponderance of strength\nin one country tempted it to 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=2998.714,3005.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to put it into the service\nof foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3005.09,3009.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would urge anybody who wants to\nwrite a paper on the topic to 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happily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3029.63,3031.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but easily surmounted many\ntimes in the previous decade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3031.37,3034.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There isn't one leader in Europe who\nwould have gone to war in August","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3035.46,3041.357"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1914 if he had known what\nthe world would look like in 1918.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3041.357,3047.261"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the big watershed in European\npolitics was not World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3047.261,3051.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II was morally acceptable\nbecause one fought against absolute evil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3051.64,3056.202"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3056.202,3057.055"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming at the end of a century of\nbelief in uninterrupted progress, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3057.055,3061.713"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then slaughtering 10 million people for a\npurpose that nobody could really 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applying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3241.42,3246.112"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lessons of its history, which was to\nback the weaker against the stronger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3246.112,3250.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So therefore, they tended to\nback Germany against France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3250.672,3256.503"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[COUGH] The incongruity of the Versailles\nsystem was shown by the fact that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3256.503,3263.183"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what did the French do,\ngiven this political and military problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3263.183,3269.347"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They built the Maginot Line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3269.347,3271.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Maginot Line testified to\nthe fact that Germany would sooner or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3271.58,3275.762"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later become predominant in Europe,\nbecause the only way the Versailles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3275.762,3280.392"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agreement could be maintained would be\nthrough an offensive French strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3280.392,3285.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As soon as the French withdrew\ninto the Maginot Line, it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3286.47,3290.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in effect, said, go and\ntake Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3290.43,3293.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you attack us,\nwe'll defend ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3293.44,3296.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even without the Nazis, in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3298.47,3300.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kept Germany from dominating Europe,\nin my view, was the Nazis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3301.96,3306.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they had moved more slowly,\nthe structure of the Versailles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3306.73,3311.138"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settlement was more favorable for\nGermany than the previous system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3311.138,3316.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very onerous, it was very arduous,\nit was bound to inflame Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3316.06,3321.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was one of the unwisest settlements\never made, in my view, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3324.37,3328.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's not the issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3328.69,3329.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The issue is how statesmen\ncan misconceive, in my view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3329.51,3335.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their structural problems and\ntheir balance of power problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3335.26,3339.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now therefore,\nwhen Hitler took over in Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3341.31,3344.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had a relatively easy situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3344.86,3347.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All he had to do was rearm and\nreoccupy the Rhineland, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3347.8,3351.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern Europe was defenseless.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3351.81,3355.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once the French did not move\nwhen he reoccupied the Rhineland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3355.81,3360.045"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was all over,\nfrom a structural point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3360.045,3363.231"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was just a question of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3363.231,3365.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And method how Eastern Europe\nwould fall under German hegemony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3365.54,3369.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me make a brief observation\nabout the structure of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3371.75,3376.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3376.96,3380.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After World War II, the problem\nof German hegemony disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3380.62,3384.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there suddenly emerged\nanother colossal country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3384.13,3388.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spreading itself into\nthe center of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3388.63,3392.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in contrast to the period\nof the Congress of Vienna,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3394.72,3398.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none of the statesmen except perhaps\nChurchill Of World War II gave any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3398.0,3402.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attention to what would happen\nin the post war period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3402.25,3405.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You read the memoirs of American\nstatesmen, and I have here somewhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3405.53,3409.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's easy to 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time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3417.43,3420.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem of the post war\nperiod was considered outrageous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3420.4,3425.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were determined not\nto discuss the post-war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3425.62,3428.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period while the war was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3428.91,3431.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were determined that we we were gonna\nbase the post-war period on good faith and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3431.3,3436.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting along with everybody, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3436.48,3439.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the victors in World War II would\nwork together in the post-war period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3439.91,3444.863"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we certainly, I don't know\nwhether it could have been prevented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3444.863,3449.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will never know 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history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3488.283,3493.255"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the various elements of power became\nin congruence with each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3493.255,3499.823"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right up to the end of World War II, there\nwas almost always a direct relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3499.823,3505.216"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between economic power, and\nmilitary power, and political power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3505.216,3509.913"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It never happened before that a country\ncould be economically very strong and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3509.913,3517.557"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"militarily very weak or\nvery rarely did it happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3517.557,3522.623"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the various elements of power\nhave become quiet in congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3522.623,3527.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is possible to be\nmilitarily very strong and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3527.31,3531.775"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economically of moderate strength.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3531.775,3535.446"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is possible to be economically\nvery strong, such as Japan and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3535.446,3540.051"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be militarily extremely weak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332#t=3540.051,3542.542"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73332/transcript/8225/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/225/original/transcript_index_158341718820200305-3371-bgodbh?1583399189","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/225/original/transcript_index_158341718820200305-3371-bgodbh?1583399189"}]}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - open-uri20200305-3371-1u709gx.mpga"]},"duration":2929.47591,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/333/original/open-uri20200305-3371-1u709gx.mpga?1583399207","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2929.47591,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0931_0002_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e When one talks today of a balance of power, one is talking about many different balances. And one is talking about a world in which all of the three questions I put to you before, namely what is the unit that constitutes legitimate authority? What are states capable of doing to each other?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd what do states want to do to each other, or for each other? All of them are in the process of change. And all of them require understanding. Now, what I, to bring this to a point and to permit you to ask questions. What I want to stress is, first, what is it you can learn from history?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=25.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nYou cannot learn from history how you should handle the Middle East crisis that broke out in October, 1973. What you can learn from history is the structure of problems that I have very superficially described to you. And then you have to analyze in each period which of these structure problems are relevant.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=57.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHistory is not a cookbook which gives you recipes. History teaches by analogy but it still forces you to figure out what is analogies, if anything is. History can give you a feel for the significance of the events, but it cannot teach you which individual events are significant. And therefore the quotation that Mr Davids read about me, is probably correct.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=91.0,125.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt's impossible for anybody to write down a conceptual scheme and then apply it literally to evolving situations. He can write down certain principles, he can develop certain understandings, but he cannot predict in advance how they apply to concrete situations. I would say however, on the other hand, that one of the problems of contemporary leadership, is that in all democracies that I know, and maybe in all dictatorships, this struggle of getting into office is so intense that people have no time to reflect about the sort of issues that I have raised.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=125.0,172.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd by the time they get into office, it is much too late to think about them. Because then they have to make decisions. And nobody would think that he can go on a tennis court and play just because somebody has given him a few principles. But they seem to think that you can conduct foreign policy just by reading a few briefing papers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=172.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat was the difference between Churchill and his contemporaries? Or between the goal and his contemporaries. It wasn't superior intelligence. They were all of roughly equal intelligence. It was that some of the great leaders had a feel for the course of events, and how they can influence it. And I know almost no great leader, in fact I know no great leader who did not study history and tried to get an understanding of problems that other nations or other men have failed.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=197.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo, on the one hand you can learn nothing that you can apply, on the other hand you can't apply anything. Unless you know something of how other generations have faced comparable problems, the compromises they've had to make. How their best judgments turned out to be disastrous, and how limited human foresight is when you think you know a lot, and how much more limited it must be when you don't know anything, because we always tend to think of historical tragedy as not getting what you want.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=236.0,285.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut if you study history you will find that the worst tragedies have occurred when people got what they wanted and it turnout that it was the wrong thing. Let me stop at this point and answer questions, either on what I've said or on why we went into Cambodia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=285.0,314.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e I first want to thank Dr. Kissinger very much for his presentation this afternoon. And I think we can well understand why Dr. Kissinger was regarded as such a highly popular professor when he was teaching at Harvard University. In our discussion session, the questions can be directed to Doctor Kissinger we could get into any comments between and among the participants in the group and any observation or any matters that are of concern to you could be brought up If I may, I'll just take the prerogative I'd like to ask Dr. Kissinger the first question.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=314.0,371.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAs I said before, I kind of form a little bridge between what had gone before in our sessions and what is now on the table. I'd like to raise this matter that was brought up in the session with John Lewis Gaddis. Dr. Gaddis, I thought, presented fairly good and decisive analysis of what he called the strategies of containment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=371.0,402.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd he was looking at these strategies of containment from, George Cannon to Henry A Kissinger. And in doing this he defined five distinct strategies of containment. But in this connection what intrigued me was his reference to the first, Strategy of containment which he identified with George F Cannon and referred to so to speak as the Cannon Doctrine.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=402.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAs he explained, Cannon did not express this In his famous published in foreign affairs but it was brought out in his policy recommendation within government. Here Cannon was emphasizing very very strongly that a distinction had to be made between the interest of the Soviet Union as a state and international communism.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=438.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHe implied in 1946 that the United States could contain the first, but not the last And then he went on to note that the Kennedy Doctrine was to be subsequently distorted, by the Truman Doctrine, by Dean Acheson and the national security council famous Draft 68. The policies pursued by President Eisenhower, by Kennedy, and by the Johnson administration.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=473.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAll of which tended to identify international communism with the Soviet Union. And the distinction, which Kennan thought was essential, was a loss. Then Dr. Gaddis suggested that this approach was to be changed in the Nixon/Kissinger era, after 1969. And at that point, the administration reverted back to what Kennan referred to as the Kennan Doctrine.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=505.0,543.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn other words, the distinction again was reestablished of identifying the Soviet Union, and the interest of the Soviet Union, as distinct from matters pertaining to the threat of international communism. And I thought it would be of some note here, since we have Dr Kissinger right before us, as to whether he could tell us whether Dr Gaddis's interpretation has any merit, or whether it has some validity.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=543.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Right, I think it has some merit, but I'd first like to make a general observation about containment. In our folklore, containment is considered a very bellicose policy, in the folklore of critics. Even the Kennan version, or the Acheson version of containment. But, if you look at the balance of power that existed at the end of World War II, it is very odd to consider this a very bellicose policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=578.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Soviet Union had just lost 20 million people in the world. They were technologically, incredibly backward. All of Western Russia was devastated and at that point, they ran a gigantic bluff on us. By creating the impression that they had the capability of overrunning Europe, almost at will. The Soviet Union was not capable of conducting a major war in the period 1945 to 1955.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=608.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the containment policy had the practical consequence, that the United States wasted the period of it's greatest superiority. By thinking that it had to buildup its forces before it would negotiate. Instead of trying to head for a negotiation for a settlement of the post-war issues, when we had, relatively, the greatest strength.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=642.0,667.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nChurchill, in 1946 and 1947, made a series of speeches, saying if this is how the Soviet Union behaves in the greenwood, how will they behave when the trees are fully grown? And he made a series of speeches, urging an attempt to settle the post war issues now. In fact we were bemused with the theory that we needed more strength before we could negotiate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=667.0,694.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhere, in fact, the relative balance was bound to shift against us, as Soviet technology developed. So, I will take defense of Kennan, it was the mildest possible American response to the post war period. Never has a nation enjoyed so much superiority and gotten so little for it, as the United States did in the 45 to 55 period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=694.0,722.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow to answer your specific question, it is quite true. That by the time we came into office, in 1969, we no longer had that superiority. And it is now a fact, which I should have mentioned in my presentation, that military power has changed it's significance. So that, you can accumulate additional power and do very little with it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=722.0,746.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBy 1969, the nuclear stalemate was either there or imminent. We were bogged down in a war in Vietnam, in which we found 550,000 Americans in a war in Southeast Asia. And it became clear that the problem of opposing the spread of communism was a different problem from preventing the spread of Soviet military power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=746.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore, we had to try to reestablish an equilibrium of power vis-a-vis the Soviet Union. Given the new circumstances, when we no longer could rely on our nuclear monopoly. And at the same time find a form of preventing this spread of international communism, by means other than simply a confrontation with the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=782.0,807.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBy identifying ourselves with the peace issues, by identifying ourselves with attempts to establish world structure. So I would say that the Gaddis analysis of what we're trying to do is essentially correct.\n\u003e\u003e Are there any questions from the floor? I think we have to ask you to come to the microphones.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=807.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Okay, this will follow from what you just said. In 1974, you stated that the policy of detente would encourage the Soviet Union to redefine its interest. And develop a self-interest in fostering the entire process of relaxation of tensions. Are you as optimistic about this now, as you were then?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=829.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e The first thing one has to ask, in discussing any policy is, what were the alternatives? And people are now discussing detente as if, at the time that we developed it, which was in 1970 and 71, all choices were open to us. I would like tor recall to you that from 1969 to 1972 the Nixon administration was under constant attack from being to bellicose.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=851.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nHundreds of thousands of students were parading through the streets of Washington, at quarterly intervals. Parents were writing us with the odd request. That we had to get their children under control, because they had lost control of their own families. You read the New York Times and Washington Post, or any of the newspapers of that period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=882.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd you would find it very odd, you will not find anyone saying, for God's sakes, be tough to the Soviet Union. The whole possibility, at that time, of conducting any creative policy, was to demonstrate to the American people, that they had a government that was concerned with peace.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=907.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd indeed, the only possibility of resisting the Soviet expansion that we thought might come with the growth of power, depended absolutely on our being able to demonstrate that we were not the cause of war. So that, we would not have rioters on the street every time we conducted a strong foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=929.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo, you have to look at the historic origins of the detente. Secondly, what is it that the detente was attempting to do? It later became sort of a caricature, in which, once peace was achieved, everybody could have the benefit. Of peace, plus talking tough, which was not very noticeable when there was still an opportunity to do something.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=949.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat did detente try to do? Detente tried to take into account the fact that in the field of strategic weapons, in effect a stalemate had developed. That therefore we could not permit crisis to develop simply to degenerate into war like World War I did. Because when tens of millions of lives are at stake one must think of what the world will look like after the crisis, and not just at the beginning of the crisis.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=977.0,1006.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThird, we had to establish, not just in the United States but among all our allies, that the United States was not an obstacle to peace. Fourth we had to see whether it was possible, by giving the Soviet Union some incentives, to bring about a moderate conduct. And if it failed, to have a basis for resisting it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1006.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow unfortunately the collapse of the Nixon administration made it impossible to conduct any of these policies on a consistent basis, because we immediately got under assault on in the congress and elsewhere. But I would think that the basic principles of the detente policy were correct then and are correct now.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1034.0,1058.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey should not be pursued with any illusions. The Soviet Union is a major military power. We must prevent the spread of it's military power. But we must also be in a position where we can appeal to other countries, and where we do not become the international bully simply throwing its weight around.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1058.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd this requires a fine balance, and I think the policy was essentially correct. And in its major outlines you can't even say that it has failed because, except for Angola, the Soviet Union did not try any major adventures. And in Angola, we defeated ourselves, they didn't defeat us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1078.0,1102.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nDetente has never provided for the automatic application of restraint. It has always presupposed, that when there is a transgression there will be resistance. So, on the whole, we brought about a massive change to the Middle East while detente was going on. There have been no confrontations comparable to the recurrent Berlin Crisis of the 60s.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1102.0,1130.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut the Soviet Union, we must remember, is an ideologically and militarily competitive state. And detente, it has meant coexistence, it has not meant cooperation.\n\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger, at the beginning of your talk, you said that you were tempted to talk about some of the myths which have arisen in the last 10 or 15 years about American policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1130.0,1159.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd you've done that to some extent, but I would like if you would adjust yourself to that a bit further. And specifically while you do that, I think a very interesting problem you've brought on a number of occasions is, which of these myths come from longer range structural problems?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1159.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe differences, for example, in the ways that American politicians and policy makers, the American people, look at international affairs as opposed to the way that Europeans have had to look at them, given their history.\n\u003e\u003e I think that the biggest change in American perception of foreign policy occurred in the last ten years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1175.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause, until 1969 the United States possessed such a predominance of resources that we never really had to conduct foreign policy in any traditional sense. It used to be a myth in America, for example, that the Europeans were peculiarly petty, and peculiarly prone to produce wars by their approach to foreign policy, as compared to the superior morality of the American approach.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1200.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow the fact of the matter was that the European margin of survival was so much narrower than the American margin of survival that Europeans felt threatened by changes that were bound to be peripheral to the United States. Who possessed Alsace-Lorraine was not a matter of great importance to the United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1236.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut it was, for a long time, a matter of vital importance to France and Germany. So the Europeans would begin to defend themselves long before American security was threatened, creating the illusion in this country that there was something superior in our approach to foreign policy. Now we have found that the basic problem of foreign policy is, that at a time when there is a capacity for action, you have no knowledge.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1256.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBy the time you have knowledge you may have lost capacity for action. I refer to the German invasion of the Rhineland in 1936. Morally it was an indefensible case for France to attack. Because all the Germans were doing was moving troops into their own territory, which is something every national state was permitted to do at the time.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1285.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the other hand, once there were German troops in the Rhineland, the French capacity to intervene in Eastern Europe structurally disappeared. So, once the French permitted the Germans to fortify the Rhineland, I repeat, it was simply a question of time before Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and so forth fell.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1310.0,1332.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd indeed, a moderate German leadership would have brought about this domination without a world war. And [COUGH] because inherently the Versailles agreement put a burden on France that France could not meet now. During the Vietnam war, for example It was a constant debate that somehow the stupid American negotiators had offended the sensitive flowers from Hanoi who had dropped a word, who had whispered a word to some postman who was delivering a letter.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1332.0,1382.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd if only we had understood that profound remark that this person had made, we could have settled the war three years early. The fact of the matter is when people want to settle a war, they usually settle the war. They don't whisper in corners. When in history has it happened that somebody has wanted to settle something and whispered something in passing, a slight modification?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1382.0,1404.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then the idiots on the other side didn't pick it up? Moreover, nine tenths of the time, we had already proposed what people were recommending. I saw today the New York Times has an editorial saying, it was really rather strange. They're describing the horrible things that happened in Vietnam and Cambodia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1404.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd instead of saying those who managed to lose us the war are responsible for it, they're blaming those, I mean they have as much responsibility for it as any other single group. But nevertheless they say, we tried to overthrow Giap, we overthrew Giap Because he wouldn't let us enter the Parrot's Beak.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1425.0,1449.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWell, a number of things wrong with it. One, we didn't know what Ho Chi had known. Two, we didn't try to overthrow Sihanouk. In fact, when he was overthrown, rightly or wrongly, we thought it was a trick by him to bring pressure on the North Vietnamese. For four weeks, we thought this was one of those plays that he was so marvelous in staging.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1449.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe never asked him or his successors to go into Parrot's Beak. We finally went into Parrot's Beak, but for a reason which it has always eluded me why it should have become a subject of profound moral dispute. Four North Vietnamese divisions were killing Americans. We went in there to pick up their weapons.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1476.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI know I have a moral blind spot about this. We picked up about 20,000 weapons in that area. I can't feel that this was very outrageous, but I don't want to get into this debate. I'm talking about the approach to foreign policy. You read the debates that went on during the Vietnam War.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1501.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe basic theory, now, you can say it was we should have gotten out right away. That's an arguable proposition. What's not an arguable proposition is that a succession of leaders were so stupid that they missed these profound signals that were constantly coming out, and that these Vietnamese had their feelings hurt by us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1525.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd because their feelings were hurt, the war was prolonged. I mean, this is a peculiar, American approach to it. And in fact, the general assumption has to be if you want to make a historical analysis, usually, it is best to assume that the statesmen are as intelligent as the analysts, and that if they made a mistake, it wasn't for the most obvious reasons, and to try to understand what it was that went wrong on a more profound level than just what the folklore tends to present.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1547.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e May I ask those who are asking questions to identify themselves so we can all know?\n\u003e\u003e I'm Joel David, I'm on the law faculty as an adjunct professor. I'd like to turn, for a moment, to an economic question. It's really, I suppose, in three parts. First, in looking toward a future world order, what importance do see to this demand of the developing countries for a new international economic order, and what response should we have?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1597.0,1625.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe second question, which relates to this, is is there a constructive use of the United Nations that we can make? And is there an important role for the UN in a new world order? The last question, which again, I think, relates to these two, is did you perceive any difficulty in making foreign policy in this area with too much identity between the interests of the United States and the interests of its largest industrial corporations?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1625.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd is there a problem in the State Department in dividing those two perceived interests, thank you.\n\u003e\u003e Well, let me deal with the last question first, the influence of American corporations on American foreign policy. I hold the view that there are many respects in which Marx was wrong.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1656.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut in the respect in which he was overwhelmingly wrong was in his belief that corporations have a perception of foreign policy, and would know how to pursue it if they had one. I don't want to be offensive to any businessmen that may, by mistake, have wandered into this group.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1681.0,1703.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But I have yet to discover the corporation executive who understands the relationship between foreign policy, long-range foreign policy and the interests of his corporation. Certainly, when they're in danger of expropriation or things like this, they try to bring pressure to defend it. But to conduct foreign policy in the interest of their corporation, that, in my view, is beyond them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1703.0,1733.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I have had, you're just losing a year's financing, right, but that part of it. I occasionally met with businessmen, not to learn anything from them, I have to tell you, but to tell them what I thought the foreign policy was, and to try and get a glimmer of understanding to keep their representatives abroad from behaving in too abject a fashion.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1733.0,1772.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, on the problem of the new economic order, that has to be looked at from two points of view. On one level, it is simply a demand by the developing countries to get a greater share of the resources. And it's a tactical device by which they can improve their position.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1772.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the other level, though, it is a correct statement of what is inevitably going to happen. When you have a world community of 150 states, compared to the 50-plus that existed in 1945, you are bound to have a new system. When the control of the energy is the hands of, maybe, ten of these states, you're bound to have adjustments.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1791.0,1823.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhen the gap between the industrialized and the developing nations is widening, rather than narrowing, it is difficult to speak of homogeneous international orders. So I have never been offended by the principle that we are heading for a new economic order. And in fact, in September 1975, I made a stupefying speech at the United Nations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1823.0,1849.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt lasted about an hour and a half, laying out what we thought its chief elements should be. Now, leaving aside whether those are the correct elements, or some other, better elements, I believe that the United States should have no hesitation of identifying itself with aspirations to a new economic order.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1849.0,1874.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat we must resist is to turn this into a confrontation. And what we must not permit is to let the impression be created that we will yield only to blackmail, or that blackmail is the way by which these objectives can be achieved. And if there's to be a new economic order, there must be some reciprocal obligations on the part of the recipients, and not simply a one-way street in which the United States is asked to transfer resources to countries that, in every other respect, oppose us in every significant category.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1874.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, with respect to the United Nations, when I came to Washington, the United Nations was in very high repute, and that was only 1969. We had a 25th reunion celebration in which speeches of extraordinary eloquence were delivered by all leading American officials and others. A few years, I was always on the skeptical side at that time.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1911.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen, within three or four years, the pendulum swung way over the other way. Now I don't believe that the United Nations is or can be a world government. I believe that the voting patterns in the General Assembly are sometimes outrageous and reflect nothing except the pressures of various [INAUDIBLE].\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1949.0,1968.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the other hand, the United Nations is a meeting place in which exchanges can take place in a normal fashion that would, in any event, take place. But which would be very difficult to arrange and which would be even more confrontational if they occurred on an ad hoc basis.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1968.0,1987.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey permit the establishment of peace keeping machinery and other devices that have been very helpful. They permit, in some cases, the channeling of economic aide in an uncontroversial fashion. So, I think if we don't ask too much of the United Nations, it can be helpful, though some of the proceedings in the General Assembly are extremely deplorable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1987.0,2017.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Isn't our position, which we've had for the last four years, that all international codes of conduct for multinationals should be voluntary, and not binding in any sense? Both an exact identity with our corporate position and an attack on the strength of the Untied Nations.\n\u003e\u003e Well, my own view is that with respect to codes of conduct for corporations, It's hard to define it in the abstract.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2017.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI would be perfectly prepared to support a binding code of conduct if I agreed with it. But the fact that it is binding wouldn't bother me provided it were coupled with some reciprocal obligation on the part of the host government with respect to expropriation and so forth. But I think it is in the self-interest.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2056.0,2080.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf this is the view of the corporations, it just shows how little they understand. It is in their self-interest that they be prevented from participating in the domestic politics of their host countries. Trust in their self-interest that they get some assurances against expropriation. And if those two could be married in a binding obligation, I think it would be in our interest and I personally would support it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2080.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd would've supported it if it would have ever come up that way.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE] Russian History in the Russian Air Studies Program at Georgetown. One simple question, going back to one of your major points that you raised, which concerned what can be learned or cannot be learned from history for the conduct of foreign policy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2106.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat do you think the Soviet leaders learn, or think they learn from history concerning the conduct of foreign policy?\n\u003e\u003e I think that's a very good question to which I don't have a good answer. Because first of all, you have to ask yourself what Soviet leaders? Cuz this present Soviet leadership is a group that has had a harrowing life.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2134.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey've gone through the purges, they made their picketfence when all their superior disappeared into slave labor camps. The next thing they knew, they were in a war that killed a large percentage of their population. Then got caught again in the post-World War II purchase. Then they had to take over under conditions of near panic when Stalin died.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2166.0,2196.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen they got rid of Kruschev. So this is a generation now that's in its 70s and I frankly do not think they're super conceptual.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But I do think that one of the themes is they may not have any great conceptions of what they're gonna do.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2196.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI, for example, do not believe that they have a plan to take over the world, which may not prevent them from taking it over.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But I think what they are good at is accumulating power, they do it domestically, they do it internationally. They cannot conceive that somewhere along the line in ways that they cannot necessarily describe.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2220.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat may not come in helpfully. Secondly, they're incredibly persistent. If you're an American policymaker and you make a proposal, and if six months later it isn't accepted, your whole bureaucracy and all your newspapers will say, you're not flexible. You better come up with a new proposal. You are the obstacle to a settlement.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2245.0,2266.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Russians stick with the same thing year after year after year. And gradually, you say, well, what the hell?\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Frankly, in my experience, I don't think that this is a extremely theoretical group that languishes deeply about the meaning of history even though they're Marxists.\n\u003e\u003e My name is Kevin Murphy from the School of Foreign Service.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2266.0,2301.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nDr. Kissinger, the current administration has declared the ultimate goal of international nuclear disarmament. What is your opinion of that goal? And if you were given the task of forming a short-run and long-run policy for carrying out that rather ambitious goal, how would you go about it? What would you do?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2301.0,2326.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e I don't think it's possible. I don't think that total nuclear disarmament is possible at a time when nuclear technology is spreading all over the world. And therefore, I quite frankly don't think this is a realistic goal. And therefore, I wouldn't know how to do it. I wouldn't even know how we could get rid of the nuclear arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union in a reliable way.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2326.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI can imagine how they can be limited. I could imagine how they can be reduced, and I have favored policies in that direction. But I believe we are doomed to live in the nuclear age, and I wouldn't know how to get rid of them.\n\u003e\u003e Are there any technologies on the horizon, such as laser, which would provide for the kind of defense that would require a fundamental change in our strategy?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2356.0,2387.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e One of the revolutionary aspects in our period is the rapid change in technology. And therefore, almost every five years, there has been a revolution in technology. I don't know of any specific individual weapon that would require A total change in our strategy. The basic strategic problem we now face is that throughout most of the post-war period, we could control irresponsible behavior by this, so that of nuclear war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2387.0,2424.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe are now in a situation where the capacity to conduct general nuclear war still exist but it is so dangerous that we can not really rely on it in the face of many of the foreseeable crisis. This is the big change in our strategy that has to be assimilated, and unless we develop a bigger capacity for regional defense, we are going to have major problems in the 80s, particularly when the younger generation of Soviet leaders comes in.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2424.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Dr. Kissinger, I'm Mike Goldberg, also of the Foreign Service School. And my question to you is, in your talk you just gave, you said that one of the principles of diplomacy is to have no permanent enemy and no permanent friend but in post war period especially with by poll restructure you find western Europe is more less Integrated aspect of the United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2460.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe United States is making up the western poll. Specifically, I'd like to ask you how you respond to critics of the Nixon administration that say you alienated western Europe to a certain extent, causing it to move over to the Soviet Union? To an extent. Also, what you foresee as the future of Western Europe, especially in light of the Euro-communist threat.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2488.0,2521.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd thirdly, in line with this also, as a structural change, if you see the structural solution to our problems is maybe creating new poles of power throughout the world to counter the American and Soviet pole, and in the short run, the use of proxy states to implement US policy and strategy in different regions of the world.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2521.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e First of all, I didn't say it is the essence of diplomacy not to have permanent friends or permanent enemies. I said, if you conduct a pure balance of power policy. Which we are not, and which we shouldn't be. If that sort of policy that Bismarck's system imposed on European states was.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2547.0,2565.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne in which they could not have proven them friends, they had proven them enemies, and therefore, had to be perfectly flexible in changing alliances. This is inappropriate in a period of ideological division. You can do that only when the domestic structures are. So that precondition would never exist today and I'm not saying that this is a policy that should be or possibly be conducted today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2565.0,2591.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIndeed I think that the Bismarck policy as much as I admire his technical diplomatic skill turned out to be a disaster for Germany because it put a burden on Germany. That it could not possibly meet and therefore burden on the peace of Europe. And what I meant to say was that if your balance of power policy that assumes perfect flexibility is undoable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2591.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, with respect to the criticism of the Nixon administration and whatever I may have done that we alienated Europe and made them move over to the Soviet Union. First of all, I don't know anybody in western Europe who has moved over to the Soviet Union. Secondly, this is one of those myths that developed and you cannot destroy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2617.0,2639.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI would have thought that in the last two years, the American relations with Western Europe were better than they've been at any time since the immediate post war period. I've just spent a week in Europe and I must say, based on the perception I had from the heads of government of the countries I visited, for whom I could do nothing anymore.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2639.0,2664.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI didn't have the impression that they thought back to this period as one in which there were strains in our relationship. But the country, this is one of those. There was a rocky period in 1973 where in every West European country and in the United States of governments but simultaneously in difficulty.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2664.0,2686.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPompidou was dying, Brand was in difficulty. Heath failed of re-electron and Nixon was under assault because of Watergate. Therefore, there was no central core that could hold these together, and of course strains developed, but as soon as that period was over, from the Spring of 74 on, our relations with Western Europe were extraordinarily good.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2686.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, Euro-Communism has absolutely nothing to do with the United States. Euro-Communism develops from many factors. The boredom of modern industrial society is one of them. I mean you, after all, have this curious phenomenon. That all the West Europeans have to do is take a plane to any East European capital.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2713.0,2738.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the worst West European free enterprise country would be considered paradise in the best East European country. But you have these ideological polarization, you've had slow reform in some countries such as Italy, but whatever the reason Euro communism developed mostly as a result of indigenous European tendencies. And in so far as we contribute to it, it's by giving the impression that we don’t care and that we could work with the Communist in Europe, which I don’t believe for a minute.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2738.0,2776.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI believe that if the Communist come to power in Europe, when people speak of independent European Communist parties, first thing I'd have to say is when the French communist party which was the most Stalinist west European party. Votes by a vote of its central committee of 141 to nothing that it is now gonna be independent, it is one of the most amazing conversions of history.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2776.0,2804.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat all members of the central committee of the most Stalinist party should have simultaneously come to the same conclusion is something that I think is an extraordinary spiritual event.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The father will forgive me.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The second is-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e All you have to do is read what the east European communists were saying in 45, 46 and 47 and what the west European communists are saying today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2804.0,2841.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd someday I'm gonna hand out blank statements and ask people to identify the West European leader who said it and it will turn out to be or somebody from Eastern Europe. I just I think the advent of Communists into office in Western Europe will be an event of historic importance with which we shouldn't kid ourselves.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2841.0,2862.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe may not be able to prevent it. But we, at least, shouldn't kid ourselves. I'm afraid [INAUDIBLE].\n\u003e\u003e I hate to do this, but our time is really running out. And I know that you have many other questions that you'd like to ask Dr. Kissinger. I think Dr. Kissinger really wrapped up that last question quite neatly.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2862.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8226/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd maybe we ought to adjourn with that without getting to other areas that might create some complication. With that I'd like to thank Dr. Kissinger for all of his candor, and his frankness, his humor. And express our appreciation for his presence here today.\n\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2883.0,2929.47591"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0931_0002_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When one talks today\nof a balance of power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2.918,5.625"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one is talking about\nmany different balances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=5.625,8.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one is talking about a world in which\nall of the three questions I put to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=8.76,13.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you before, namely what is the unit\nthat constitutes legitimate authority?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=13.94,21.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are states capable\nof doing to each other?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=21.69,24.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what do states want to do to\neach other, or for each other?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=25.31,28.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them are in the process of change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=29.83,31.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of them require understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=32.61,34.536"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what I, to bring this to a point and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=34.536,41.676"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to permit you to ask questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=41.676,47.354"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I want to stress is, first,\nwhat is it you can learn from history?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=49.897,55.328"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You cannot learn from\nhistory how you should handle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=57.789,62.575"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Middle East crisis that\nbroke out in October, 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=62.575,68.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you can learn from history is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=68.37,72.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structure of problems that I have\nvery superficially described to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=74.14,77.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you have to\nanalyze in each period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=83.47,86.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which of these structure\nproblems are relevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=87.47,90.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History is not a cookbook\nwhich gives you recipes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=91.97,95.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History teaches by analogy but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=95.68,98.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it still forces you to figure\nout what is analogies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=98.96,104.686"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if anything is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=104.686,109.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History can give you a feel for\nthe significance of the events, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=109.17,114.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it cannot teach you which\nindividual events are significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=114.59,117.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the quotation that Mr Davids\nread about me, is probably correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=118.89,125.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's impossible for anybody to\nwrite down a conceptual scheme and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=125.05,130.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then apply it literally\nto evolving situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=130.94,137.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He can write down certain principles,\nhe can develop certain understandings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=137.04,143.506"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he cannot predict in advance how\nthey apply to concrete situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=143.506,148.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say however, on the other hand,\nthat one of the problems of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=148.63,153.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contemporary leadership, is that in\nall democracies that I know, and maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=153.47,159.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all dictatorships, this struggle\nof getting into office is so intense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=159.31,165.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people have no time to reflect about\nthe sort of issues that I have raised.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=165.58,170.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by the time they get into office,\nit is much too late to think about them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=172.29,176.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because then they have to make decisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=176.46,178.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody would think that he\ncan go on a tennis court and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=179.82,185.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play just because somebody has\ngiven him a few principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=185.9,188.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they seem to think that\nyou can conduct foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=190.18,193.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just by reading a few briefing papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=193.02,195.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the difference between\nChurchill and his contemporaries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=197.7,203.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or between the goal and\nhis contemporaries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=203.58,205.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't superior intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=205.95,207.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were all of roughly\nequal intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=209.98,212.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was that some of the great\nleaders had a feel for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=212.88,217.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the course of events, and\nhow they can influence it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=217.06,221.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know almost no great leader,\nin fact I know no great leader who did not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=221.37,226.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study history and\ntried to get an understanding of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=226.47,231.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems that other nations or\nother men have failed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=231.58,235.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, on the one hand you can learn\nnothing that you can apply,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=236.57,241.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other hand you\ncan't apply anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=243.04,245.289"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unless you know something of how\nother generations have faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=246.29,250.675"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparable problems,\nthe compromises they've had to make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=250.675,255.156"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How their best judgments\nturned out to be disastrous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=257.224,262.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how limited human foresight\nis when you think you know a lot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=262.79,269.324"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how much more limited\nit must be when you don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=269.324,274.406"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know anything,\nbecause we always tend to think of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=274.406,279.488"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historical tragedy as not\ngetting what you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=279.488,284.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you study history you will find\nthat the worst tragedies have occurred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=285.68,290.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when people got what they wanted and\nit turnout that it was the wrong thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=290.55,296.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me stop at this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=298.45,302.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point and answer questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=302.8,307.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either on what I've said or\non why we went into Cambodia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=308.62,314.748"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e I first want to thank Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=314.748,323.939"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kissinger very much for\nhis presentation this afternoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=323.939,329.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think we can well understand why Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=329.34,333.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kissinger was regarded as such\na highly popular professor when he was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=333.11,338.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teaching at Harvard University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=338.3,343.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our discussion session,\nthe questions can be directed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=343.28,347.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Doctor Kissinger we could get\ninto any comments between and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=348.64,353.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the participants in the group and\nany observation 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table.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=376.15,380.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to raise this matter that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=381.73,385.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was brought up in the session\nwith John Lewis Gaddis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=386.48,391.375"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Gaddis, I thought,\npresented fairly good and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=391.375,396.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decisive analysis of what he called\nthe strategies of containment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=396.32,402.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was looking at these\nstrategies of containment from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=402.61,405.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Cannon to Henry A Kissinger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=406.95,410.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in doing this he defined five distinct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=410.42,414.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strategies of containment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=416.68,419.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in this connection what intrigued\nme was his reference to the first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=419.93,427.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strategy of containment which he\nidentified with George F 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us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=694.06,699.355"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as Soviet technology developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=699.355,701.973"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I will take defense of Kennan,\nit was the 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international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=796.646,801.932"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communism, by means other than simply\na confrontation with the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=801.932,807.657"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By identifying ourselves\nwith the peace issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=807.657,810.639"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by identifying ourselves with attempts\nto establish world structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=810.639,814.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I would say that the Gaddis\nanalysis of what we're trying to do is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=814.97,819.926"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=819.926,821.706"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Are there any questions from the floor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=821.706,825.739"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we have to ask you\nto come to the microphones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=825.739,829.403"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Okay,\nthis will follow from what you just said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=829.403,833.036"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1974,\nyou stated that the policy of detente","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=833.036,836.562"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would encourage the Soviet Union\nto redefine its interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=836.562,840.754"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And develop a self-interest in fostering\nthe entire process of relaxation 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then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=846.39,851.692"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e The first thing one has to ask,\nin discussing any policy is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=851.692,855.063"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what were the 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period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=905.811,907.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you would find it very odd,\nyou will not find anyone saying, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=907.79,912.384"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God's sakes, be tough to the Soviet 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people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=922.33,925.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had a government\nthat was concerned with peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=925.63,929.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, the only possibility of\nresisting the Soviet expansion 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=938.821,942.719"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that, we would not have rioters on\nthe street every time we conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=942.719,947.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a strong foreign 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strategic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=979.421,983.218"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons, in effect\na stalemate had developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=983.218,986.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That therefore we could not\npermit crisis to 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but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1006.353,1011.767"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among all our allies, that the United\nStates was not an obstacle to peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1011.767,1019.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fourth we had to see\nwhether it was possible, 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basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1039.662,1044.462"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we immediately got under assault\non in the congress and elsewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1044.462,1049.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I would think that the basic\nprinciples of the detente 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around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1075.1,1078.965"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this requires a fine balance, and I\nthink the policy was essentially correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1078.965,1083.394"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in its major outlines you can't\neven say that it has failed because,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1083.394,1090.192"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except for Angola, the Soviet Union\ndid not try any major adventures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1090.192,1097.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in Angola, we defeated ourselves,\nthey didn't defeat us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1097.58,1102.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Detente has never provided for\nthe automatic application of restraint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1102.577,1108.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has always presupposed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1108.53,1109.682"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when there is a transgression\nthere will be resistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1109.682,1113.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, on the whole,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1113.05,1114.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we brought about a massive change to the\nMiddle East while detente was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1114.63,1120.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been no\nconfrontations comparable to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1121.47,1126.094"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the recurrent Berlin Crisis of the 60s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1126.094,1130.161"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Soviet Union, we must remember,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1130.161,1133.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an ideologically and\nmilitarily competitive state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1133.39,1138.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And detente, it has meant coexistence,\nit has not meant cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1138.672,1144.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger,\nat the beginning of your talk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1149.598,1151.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you said that you were tempted to\ntalk about some of the myths which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1151.94,1155.244"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have arisen in the last 10 or\n15 years about American policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1155.244,1159.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you've done that to some extent, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1159.0,1161.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like if you would adjust\nyourself to that a bit further.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1161.61,1165.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And specifically while you do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1165.573,1167.518"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think a very interesting problem you've\nbrought on a number of occasions is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1167.518,1171.719"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which of these myths come from\nlonger range structural problems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1171.719,1175.252"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The differences, for example,\nin the ways that American politicians and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1175.252,1179.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy makers, the American people, look\nat international affairs as opposed to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1179.46,1184.136"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way that Europeans have had to\nlook at them, given their history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1184.136,1188.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I think that the biggest\nchange in American perception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1189.95,1195.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of foreign policy occurred\nin the last ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1195.265,1200.126"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, until 1969\nthe United States possessed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1200.126,1204.923"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such a predominance of resources\nthat we never really had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1204.923,1209.928"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to conduct foreign policy\nin any traditional sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1209.928,1215.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It used to be a myth in America,\nfor example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1215.41,1218.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Europeans were peculiarly petty,\nand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1219.58,1223.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peculiarly prone to produce wars by\ntheir approach to foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1223.76,1231.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as compared to the superior\nmorality of the American approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1231.51,1236.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the fact of the matter was that\nthe European margin of survival was so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1236.95,1241.375"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much narrower than the American margin\nof survival that Europeans felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1241.375,1245.804"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threatened by changes that were bound\nto be peripheral to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1245.804,1250.632"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who possessed Alsace-Lorraine\nwas not a matter of great","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1250.632,1254.029"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"importance to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1254.029,1256.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was, for a long time, a matter of\nvital importance to France and Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1256.75,1261.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the Europeans would begin to defend\nthemselves long before American security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1261.38,1266.192"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was threatened, creating the illusion\nin this country that there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1266.192,1270.366"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something superior in our\napproach to foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1270.366,1273.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we have found that the basic\nproblem of foreign policy is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1273.71,1279.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that at a time when there is a capacity\nfor action, you have no knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1279.03,1285.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the time you have knowledge you\nmay have lost capacity for action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1285.87,1289.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I refer to the German invasion\nof the Rhineland in 1936.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1289.52,1293.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morally it was an indefensible case for\nFrance to attack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1293.58,1299.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because all the Germans were doing was\nmoving troops into their own territory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1299.2,1304.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is something every national\nstate was permitted to do at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1304.37,1309.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, once there were\nGerman troops in the Rhineland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1310.78,1315.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the French capacity to intervene in\nEastern Europe structurally disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1315.18,1320.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, once the French permitted the Germans\nto fortify the Rhineland, I repeat, it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1320.74,1326.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply a question of time before Austria,\nCzechoslovakia, Poland, and so forth fell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1326.8,1332.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, a moderate German leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1332.54,1335.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have brought about this\ndomination without a world war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1338.05,1341.709"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And [COUGH] because\ninherently the Versailles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1341.709,1348.727"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agreement put a burden on France","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1348.727,1353.712"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that France could not meet now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1353.712,1358.706"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the Vietnam war, for example It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1358.706,1363.907"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a constant debate that somehow\nthe stupid American negotiators had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1363.907,1370.027"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offended the sensitive flowers\nfrom Hanoi who had dropped a word,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1370.027,1375.739"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had whispered a word to some\npostman who was delivering a letter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1375.739,1382.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if only we had understood that\nprofound remark that this person had made,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1382.39,1386.206"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we could have settled\nthe war three years early.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1386.206,1388.623"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact of the matter is when\npeople want to settle a war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1388.623,1391.765"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they usually settle the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1391.765,1394.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't whisper in corners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1394.03,1395.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When in history has it happened that\nsomebody has wanted to settle something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1395.98,1400.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whispered something in passing,\na slight modification?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1400.15,1404.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the idiots on the other\nside didn't pick it up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1404.88,1407.962"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moreover, nine tenths of the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1407.962,1410.938"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had already proposed what\npeople were recommending.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1410.938,1415.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw today the New York Times\nhas an editorial saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1415.79,1419.393"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was really rather strange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1419.393,1421.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're describing the horrible things\nthat happened in Vietnam and Cambodia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1421.44,1424.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And instead of saying those who managed\nto lose us the war are responsible for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1425.81,1430.743"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, they're blaming those, I mean\nthey have as much responsibility for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1430.743,1435.521"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it as any other single group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1435.521,1437.465"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nevertheless they say,\nwe tried to overthrow Giap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1437.465,1442.734"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we overthrew Giap Because he wouldn't\nlet us enter the Parrot's Beak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1442.734,1449.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, a number of things wrong with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1449.61,1451.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, we didn't know what Ho Chi had known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1451.41,1454.215"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two, we didn't try to overthrow Sihanouk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1454.215,1457.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, when he was overthrown, rightly\nor wrongly, we thought it was a trick","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1457.21,1462.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by him to bring pressure\non the North Vietnamese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1462.53,1468.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For four weeks, we thought this was\none of those plays that he was so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1468.67,1473.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marvelous in staging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1473.71,1476.363"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We never asked him or\nhis successors to go into Parrot's Beak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1476.363,1482.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We finally went into Parrot's Beak,\nbut for a reason which it has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1482.79,1489.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always eluded me why it should have become\na subject of profound moral dispute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1489.93,1494.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Four North Vietnamese divisions\nwere killing Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1494.93,1499.481"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went in there to pick up their weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1499.481,1501.606"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know I have a moral\nblind spot about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1501.606,1505.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We picked up about 20,000\nweapons in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1507.92,1512.381"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't feel that this\nwas very outrageous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1512.381,1515.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't want to get into this debate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1515.83,1519.018"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about the approach\nto foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1519.018,1522.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You read the debates that went\non during the Vietnam War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1522.15,1525.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic theory, now, you can say it was\nwe should have gotten out right away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1525.88,1529.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an arguable proposition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1529.58,1531.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's not an arguable proposition is that\na succession of leaders were so stupid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1531.95,1536.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they missed these profound signals\nthat were constantly coming out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1537.57,1543.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that these Vietnamese had\ntheir feelings hurt by us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1543.33,1547.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because their feelings were hurt,\nthe war was prolonged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1547.48,1551.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, this is a peculiar,\nAmerican approach to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1551.13,1556.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, the general assumption has to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1556.33,1560.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be if you want to make\na historical analysis, usually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1562.05,1566.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is best to assume that the statesmen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1566.96,1572.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are as intelligent as the analysts,\nand that if they made a mistake,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1572.93,1578.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't for\nthe most obvious reasons, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1579.67,1583.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to understand what it was that went\nwrong on a more profound level than just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1583.59,1589.055"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the folklore tends to present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1589.055,1594.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e May I ask those who are asking\nquestions to identify themselves so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1597.432,1602.087"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can all know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1602.087,1603.278"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I'm Joel David, I'm on the law\nfaculty as an adjunct professor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1603.278,1605.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to turn, for a moment,\nto an economic question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1605.76,1610.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's really, I suppose, in three parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1610.4,1612.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, in looking toward\na future world order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1612.87,1616.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what importance do see to this demand\nof the developing countries for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1618.0,1622.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new international economic order,\nand what response should we have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1622.02,1625.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second question,\nwhich relates to this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1625.96,1629.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is is there a constructive use of\nthe United Nations that we can make?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1629.067,1633.698"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is there an important role for\nthe UN in a new world order?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1633.698,1639.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The last question, which again,\nI think, relates to these two,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1639.07,1643.496"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is did you perceive any difficulty\nin making foreign policy in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1643.496,1647.925"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area with too much identity between\nthe interests of the United States and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1647.925,1652.828"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the interests of its largest\nindustrial corporations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1652.828,1656.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is there a problem in\nthe State Department in dividing those two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1656.65,1661.194"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perceived interests, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1661.194,1663.639"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well,\nlet me deal with the last question first,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1663.639,1667.131"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the influence of American corporations\non American foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1667.131,1672.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hold the view that there are many\nrespects in which Marx was wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1675.042,1680.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the respect in which he was\noverwhelmingly wrong was in his belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1681.34,1687.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that corporations have a perception\nof foreign policy, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1687.11,1692.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would know how to pursue\nit if they had one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1692.46,1696.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to be offensive to any\nbusinessmen that may, by mistake,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1697.91,1701.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have wandered into this group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1701.789,1703.545"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But I have yet to discover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1703.545,1707.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corporation executive who understands\nthe relationship between foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1707.93,1712.906"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long-range foreign policy and\nthe interests of his corporation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1712.906,1719.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly, when they're in danger of\nexpropriation or things like this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1719.23,1722.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they try to bring pressure to defend it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1722.37,1724.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to conduct foreign policy in\nthe interest of their corporation, that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1726.01,1731.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my view, is beyond them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1731.62,1733.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have had,\nyou're just losing a year's financing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1733.98,1739.768"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right, but that part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1739.768,1745.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I occasionally met with businessmen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1748.218,1751.723"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to learn anything from them,\nI have to tell you, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1751.723,1756.712"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to tell them what I thought\nthe foreign policy was, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1756.712,1761.596"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and get a glimmer of\nunderstanding to keep their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1761.596,1766.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representatives abroad from\nbehaving in too abject a fashion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1766.373,1772.148"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, on the problem of\nthe new economic order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1772.148,1775.392"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has to be looked at\nfrom two points of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1775.392,1779.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On one level, it is simply a demand by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1779.39,1782.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the developing countries to get\na greater share of the resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1783.83,1787.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a tactical device by which\nthey can improve their position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1787.72,1791.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other level, though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1791.64,1793.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a correct statement of what\nis inevitably going to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1793.95,1799.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you have a world community\nof 150 states, compared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1799.27,1804.338"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the 50-plus that existed in 1945,\nyou are bound to have a new system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1804.338,1811.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the control of the energy\nis the hands of, maybe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1811.75,1817.395"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten of these states,\nyou're bound to have adjustments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1817.395,1823.428"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the gap between the industrialized\nand the developing nations is widening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1823.428,1827.823"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than narrowing, it is difficult to\nspeak of homogeneous international orders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1827.823,1832.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I have never been offended\nby the principle that we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1832.61,1837.343"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are heading for a new economic order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1837.343,1840.798"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, in September 1975,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1840.798,1844.742"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I made a stupefying speech\nat the United Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1844.742,1849.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It lasted about an hour and a half,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1849.93,1852.962"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"laying out what we thought\nits chief elements should be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1852.962,1857.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, leaving aside whether those\nare the correct elements, or some other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1857.99,1860.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better elements,\nI believe that the United States should","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1862.3,1868.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have no hesitation of identifying itself\nwith aspirations to a new economic order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1868.47,1874.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we must resist is to turn\nthis into a confrontation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1874.0,1880.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we must not permit is\nto let the impression be created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1880.08,1885.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we will yield only to blackmail, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1885.07,1887.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that blackmail is the way by which\nthese objectives can be achieved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1887.41,1893.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if there's to be a new economic order,\nthere must be some reciprocal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1893.78,1898.032"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obligations on the part of the recipients,\nand not simply a one-way street in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1898.032,1902.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States is asked to\ntransfer resources to countries that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1902.98,1907.023"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in every other respect,\noppose us in every significant category.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1907.023,1911.022"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with respect to the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1911.022,1915.497"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I came to Washington,\nthe United Nations was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1915.497,1920.718"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in very high repute,\nand that was only 1969.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1920.718,1926.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a 25th reunion\ncelebration in which speeches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1926.76,1932.478"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of extraordinary eloquence\nwere delivered by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1932.478,1937.434"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all leading American officials and others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1937.434,1942.272"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few years, I was always on\nthe skeptical side at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1942.272,1949.006"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, within three or four years,\nthe pendulum swung way over the other way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1949.006,1953.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I don't believe that the United\nNations is or can be a world government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1953.65,1957.587"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe that the voting patterns in\nthe General Assembly are sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1957.587,1962.863"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outrageous and reflect nothing except\nthe pressures of various [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1962.863,1968.497"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, the United Nations\nis a meeting place in which exchanges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1968.497,1973.537"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can take place in a normal fashion\nthat would, in any event, take place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1973.537,1978.503"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But which would be very\ndifficult to arrange and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1978.503,1981.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would be even more confrontational\nif they occurred on an ad hoc basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1981.35,1985.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They permit the establishment\nof peace keeping machinery and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1987.13,1992.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other devices that have been very helpful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1993.54,1995.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They permit, in some cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1997.17,1999.034"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the channeling of economic aide\nin an uncontroversial fashion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=1999.034,2003.149"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think if we don't ask too\nmuch of the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2003.149,2008.331"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can be helpful,\nthough some of the proceedings in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2008.331,2012.892"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the General Assembly\nare extremely deplorable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2012.892,2017.266"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Isn't our position,\nwhich we've had for the last four years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2017.266,2021.138"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all international\ncodes of conduct for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2021.138,2023.792"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multinationals should be voluntary,\nand not binding in any sense?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2023.792,2028.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both an exact identity with\nour corporate position and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2028.59,2032.108"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an attack on the strength\nof the Untied Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2032.108,2035.253"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, my own view is that with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2035.253,2040.378"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respect to codes of conduct for\ncorporations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2040.378,2048.593"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's hard to define it in the abstract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2052.066,2056.389"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would be perfectly prepared to support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2056.389,2060.957"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a binding code of conduct\nif I agreed with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2060.957,2066.072"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the fact that it is binding wouldn't\nbother me provided it were coupled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2066.072,2070.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some reciprocal obligation on\nthe part of the host government with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2070.83,2075.362"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"respect to expropriation and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2075.362,2077.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think it is in the self-interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2077.95,2080.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If this is the view of the corporations,\nit just shows how little they understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2080.86,2084.946"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is in their self-interest that they\nbe prevented from participating in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2084.946,2089.836"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the domestic politics of\ntheir host countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2089.836,2093.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trust in their self-interest that they get\nsome assurances against expropriation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2093.03,2097.686"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if those two could be\nmarried in a binding obligation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2097.686,2101.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it would be in our interest and\nI personally would support it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2101.9,2106.894"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And would've supported it if it\nwould have ever come up that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2106.894,2111.766"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE] Russian History in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2111.766,2115.709"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russian Air Studies Program\nat Georgetown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2115.709,2122.184"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One simple question, going back to one\nof your major points that you raised,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2122.184,2127.414"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which concerned what can be learned or\ncannot be learned from history for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2127.414,2132.321"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conduct of foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2132.321,2134.504"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you think the Soviet\nleaders learn, or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2134.504,2137.731"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think they learn from history concerning\nthe conduct of foreign policy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2137.731,2142.877"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I think that's a very good question\nto which I don't have a good answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2147.404,2152.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because first of all, you have to\nask yourself what Soviet leaders?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2152.41,2160.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuz this present Soviet leadership is\na group that has had a harrowing life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2160.34,2166.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've gone through the purges,\nthey made their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2166.67,2171.065"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picketfence when all their superior\ndisappeared into slave labor camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2171.065,2177.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next thing they knew,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2177.33,2178.754"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were in a war that killed a large\npercentage of their population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2178.754,2182.582"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then got caught again in\nthe post-World War II purchase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2182.582,2188.557"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they had to take over under\nconditions of near panic when Stalin died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2188.557,2196.255"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they got rid of Kruschev.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2196.255,2197.535"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is a generation\nnow that's in its 70s and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2197.535,2202.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I frankly do not think\nthey're super conceptual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2202.0,2206.582"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2206.582,2211.082"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do think that one of\nthe themes is they may not have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2211.082,2215.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any great conceptions of\nwhat they're gonna do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2215.87,2220.667"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, for example, do not believe that\nthey have a plan to take over the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2220.667,2225.367"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may not prevent\nthem from taking it over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2225.367,2228.311"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e But I think what they are good at is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2228.311,2231.445"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accumulating power, they do it\ndomestically, they do it internationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2231.445,2238.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They cannot conceive that somewhere\nalong the line in ways that they cannot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2239.83,2243.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"necessarily describe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2243.68,2245.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That may not come in helpfully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2245.39,2248.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, they're incredibly persistent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2248.42,2252.477"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're an American policymaker and\nyou make a proposal, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2252.477,2255.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if six months later it isn't accepted,\nyour whole bureaucracy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2255.97,2259.656"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all your newspapers will say,\nyou're not flexible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2259.656,2262.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You better come up with a new proposal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2262.644,2264.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are the obstacle to a settlement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2264.96,2266.793"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Russians stick with the same\nthing year after year after year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2266.793,2270.825"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And gradually, you say,\nwell, what the hell?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2270.825,2276.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Frankly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2276.99,2282.406"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my experience, I don't think that\nthis is a extremely theoretical group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2282.406,2287.922"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that languishes deeply about the meaning\nof history even though they're Marxists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2287.922,2294.142"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e My name is Kevin Murphy from\nthe School of Foreign Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2298.453,2301.733"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Kissinger,\nthe current administration has declared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2301.733,2306.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ultimate goal of international\nnuclear disarmament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2306.573,2311.421"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is your opinion of that goal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2311.421,2313.625"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you were given the task of forming\na short-run and long-run policy for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2313.625,2318.565"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carrying out that rather ambitious goal,\nhow would you go about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2318.565,2322.979"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2322.979,2324.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I don't think it's possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2326.06,2327.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that total nuclear\ndisarmament is possible at a time when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2330.32,2334.854"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear technology is\nspreading all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2334.854,2338.268"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, I quite frankly don't\nthink this is a realistic goal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2338.268,2344.343"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore,\nI wouldn't know how to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2344.343,2346.119"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't even know how we\ncould get rid of the nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2348.72,2351.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arsenals of the United States and\nthe Soviet Union in a reliable way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2351.65,2356.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can imagine how they can be limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2356.19,2359.558"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could imagine how they can be reduced,\nand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2359.558,2362.536"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have favored policies in that direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2362.536,2365.524"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I believe we are doomed to\nlive in the nuclear age, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2365.524,2368.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't know how to get rid of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2368.34,2370.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Are there any technologies\non the horizon, such as laser,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2373.04,2378.356"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would provide for\nthe kind of defense that would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2378.356,2383.142"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"require a fundamental\nchange in our strategy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2383.142,2387.408"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e One of the revolutionary aspects in our\nperiod is the rapid change in technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2387.408,2393.306"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, almost every five years,\nthere has been a revolution in technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2393.306,2399.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know of any specific\nindividual weapon that would require","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2399.97,2405.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A total change in our strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2405.29,2407.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic strategic problem we now face\nis that throughout most of the post-war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2407.2,2412.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period, we could control irresponsible\nbehavior by this, so that of nuclear war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2412.55,2419.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are now in a situation where the\ncapacity to conduct general nuclear war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2424.79,2429.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still exist but it is so\ndangerous that we can not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2430.32,2435.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really rely on it in the face of\nmany of the foreseeable crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2435.43,2441.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the big change in our\nstrategy that has to be assimilated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2441.37,2446.471"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unless we develop a bigger\ncapacity for regional defense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2446.471,2451.389"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are going to have major\nproblems in the 80s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2451.389,2455.191"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly when the younger\ngeneration of Soviet leaders comes in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2455.191,2460.791"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Dr. Kissinger, I'm Mike Goldberg,\nalso of the Foreign Service School.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2460.791,2464.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my question to you is, in your\ntalk you just gave, you said that one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2465.73,2471.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the principles of diplomacy is to have\nno permanent enemy and no permanent friend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2471.87,2476.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in post war period especially\nwith by poll restructure you find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2477.74,2483.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"western Europe is more less Integrated\naspect of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2483.3,2488.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States is making\nup the western poll.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2488.99,2492.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Specifically, I'd like to ask you how\nyou respond to critics of the Nixon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2493.88,2499.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administration that say you alienated\nwestern Europe to a certain extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2499.1,2503.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"causing it to move over\nto the Soviet Union?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2503.55,2507.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To an extent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2507.1,2509.013"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, what you foresee as\nthe future of Western Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2509.013,2515.283"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in light of\nthe Euro-communist threat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2515.283,2521.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thirdly, in line with this also,\nas a structural change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2521.17,2526.258"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you see the structural solution\nto our problems is maybe creating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2526.258,2531.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new poles of power throughout\nthe world to counter the American and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2531.73,2537.106"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet pole, and in the short run,\nthe use of proxy states to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2537.106,2542.002"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"implement US policy and strategy\nin different regions of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2542.002,2547.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e First of all, I didn't say it is\nthe essence of diplomacy not to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2547.579,2550.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permanent friends or permanent enemies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2550.6,2552.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, if you conduct a pure\nbalance of power policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2552.61,2556.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which we are not, and\nwhich we shouldn't be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2556.65,2559.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If that sort of policy that Bismarck's\nsystem imposed on European states was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2559.13,2565.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One in which they could not have proven\nthem friends, they had proven them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2565.97,2569.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enemies, and therefore, had to be\nperfectly flexible in changing alliances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2569.03,2573.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is inappropriate in\na period of ideological division.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2573.95,2577.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can do that only when\nthe domestic structures are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2577.65,2581.734"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that precondition would\nnever exist today and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2582.93,2585.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that this is a policy that\nshould be or possibly be conducted today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2585.89,2590.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed I think that the Bismarck policy as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2591.18,2593.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much as I admire his technical diplomatic\nskill turned out to be a disaster for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2593.81,2598.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany because it put\na burden on Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2598.72,2602.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That it could not possibly meet and\ntherefore burden on the peace of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2602.75,2607.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I meant to say was that if your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2607.45,2612.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"balance of power policy that assumes\nperfect flexibility is undoable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2612.03,2616.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with respect to the criticism of\nthe Nixon administration and whatever I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2617.62,2623.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may have done that we alienated Europe and\nmade them move over to the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2623.8,2627.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, I don't know\nanybody in western Europe who has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2627.79,2630.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved over to the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2630.61,2632.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, this is one of those myths\nthat developed and you cannot destroy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2632.74,2639.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have thought that\nin the last two years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2639.21,2641.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American relations with Western Europe\nwere better than they've been at any time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2642.69,2647.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the immediate post war period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2647.35,2651.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've just spent a week in Europe and\nI must say, based on the perception I had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2651.45,2655.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the heads of government of\nthe countries I visited, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2655.97,2660.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whom I could do nothing anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2660.13,2664.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't have the impression that\nthey thought back to this period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2664.13,2668.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as one in which there were\nstrains in our relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2668.66,2672.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the country, this is one of those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2672.43,2674.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a rocky period in 1973 where\nin every West European country and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2674.68,2680.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States of governments but\nsimultaneously in difficulty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2680.83,2686.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pompidou was dying,\nBrand was in difficulty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2686.37,2690.585"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heath failed of re-electron and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2690.585,2694.352"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nixon was under assault\nbecause of Watergate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2694.352,2699.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, there was no central core\nthat could hold these together, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2699.81,2703.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course strains developed, but\nas soon as that period was over, from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2703.31,2708.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Spring of 74 on, our relations with\nWestern Europe were extraordinarily good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2708.63,2713.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, Euro-Communism has absolutely\nnothing to do with the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2713.09,2716.485"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Euro-Communism develops from many factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2716.485,2722.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The boredom of modern industrial\nsociety is one of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2722.35,2726.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean you, after all,\nhave this curious phenomenon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2727.67,2730.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That all the West Europeans have to do is\ntake a plane to any East European capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2730.44,2738.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the worst West European free\nenterprise country would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2738.77,2743.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considered paradise in the best\nEast European country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2743.758,2748.465"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you have these\nideological polarization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2748.465,2752.458"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've had slow reform in\nsome countries such as Italy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2752.458,2757.247"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but whatever the reason Euro\ncommunism developed mostly as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2757.247,2762.238"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a result of indigenous\nEuropean tendencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2762.238,2766.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in so far as we contribute to it, it's\nby giving the impression that we don’t","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2766.97,2771.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care and that we could work\nwith the Communist in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2771.09,2774.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I don’t believe for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2774.3,2776.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe that if the Communist come\nto power in Europe, when people speak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2776.53,2782.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of independent European Communist parties,\nfirst thing I'd have to say is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2782.28,2787.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the French communist party which was\nthe most Stalinist west European party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2787.33,2793.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Votes by a vote of its central\ncommittee of 141 to nothing that it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2793.62,2799.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now gonna be independent, it is one of\nthe most amazing conversions of history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2799.94,2804.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That all members of the central\ncommittee of the most Stalinist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2804.97,2810.429"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"party should have simultaneously\ncome to the same conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2810.429,2815.786"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something that I think is\nan extraordinary spiritual event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2815.786,2821.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The father will forgive me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2821.359,2824.053"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e The second is-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2824.053,2827.524"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2827.524,2829.679"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e All you have to do is read what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2829.679,2831.842"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the east European communists\nwere saying in 45, 46 and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2831.842,2836.352"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"47 and what the west European\ncommunists are saying today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2836.352,2841.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And someday I'm gonna hand\nout blank statements and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2841.61,2846.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask people to identify the West European\nleader who said it and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2846.24,2849.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will turn out to be or\nsomebody from Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2849.48,2854.182"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just I think the advent of Communists\ninto office in Western Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2854.182,2859.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be an event of historic importance\nwith which we shouldn't kid ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2859.23,2862.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We may not be able to prevent it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2862.91,2864.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we, at least, shouldn't kid ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2864.71,2866.967"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm afraid [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2866.967,2869.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I hate to do this, but\nour time is really running out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2869.02,2873.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know that you have many other\nquestions that you'd like to ask Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2873.08,2877.771"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kissinger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2877.771,2878.637"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think Dr. Kissinger really wrapped\nup that last question quite neatly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2878.637,2883.541"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maybe we ought to adjourn with\nthat without getting to other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2883.541,2888.405"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"areas that might create some complication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2888.405,2891.902"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With that I'd like to thank Dr.\nKissinger for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2891.902,2896.427"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of his candor, and\nhis frankness, his humor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2896.427,2901.425"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And express our appreciation for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2901.425,2907.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his presence here today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2907.12,2911.598"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [APPLAUSE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333#t=2911.598,2921.598"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17815/file/73333/transcript/8227/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/227/original/transcript_index_158341720920200305-3371-lqfoub?1583399209","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/227/original/transcript_index_158341720920200305-3371-lqfoub?1583399209"}]}]}]}