{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/f47gq6rc0k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 November 19"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b1000_0001.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audiocassettes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1980 November 19 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;1f6a1775-ebed-4c3e-a351-ca94da238c52 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076786"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 November 19. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u00261f6a1775-ebed-4c3e-a351-ca94da238c52"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20200312-3371-15xkusp.mpga"]},"duration":3574.28244,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/605/original/open-uri20200312-3371-15xkusp.mpga?1584013129","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3574.28244,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b1000_0001_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e You can ask me about next Tuesday.\n\u003e\u003e Next we're gonna meet on Tuesday.\n\u003e\u003e Same time?\n\u003e\u003e Same time, I know we're all eager to meet on Wednesday.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH] And I have to, I have to end this little earlier today about 5:20. I wanted, I'll talk today about China, the next time about the Middle East.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=4.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then, We'll have a number of wrap up sessions. Now, we've been discussing various aspects of a foreign policy. The country we have, for a long time had greatest difficulty understanding, has been China. Partly because for a variety of reasons. For one reason, the Chinese political experience is totally different from ours.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=46.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nUntil about 2,000 years ago, the Chinese history was more or less similar to European history. In the sense that there were a large number of states that were maneuvering against each other on the basis of diplomacy of sovereign countries. But well actually about 200 BC the Chinese formed a unified political system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=109.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd while afterwards they occasionally had civil wars that were frequently occupied by foreign invaders, the Chinese, in their orbit, never had to conduct foreign policy on the basis of the principal of sovereignty. The Chinese were culturally preeminent and physically predominant. The Chinese perception of international relations was of the Middle Kingdom surrounded by a series of concentric circles of tributary states in various forms of vassal relationship to Peking.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=145.0,205.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe tribute was for the Chinese not a question of, not derived from inquisitiveness, because the Chinese would often give back more as gifts to their, technically, battle states that they received from them. It was a question of principle of establishing the idea of cultural and political superiority. And therefore when the British ambassador appeared at the end of the 18th century, he was treated in one category of tributary state.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=205.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd it was put through the chord ritual that established his hierarchical relationship to the emperor which was very low because he was very far away and moreover a barbarian. Well, the degree of barbariandom being measured by the degree to which Chinese cultural forms had been assimilated. And obviously since the Europeans had no Chinese cultural forms whatever.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=265.0,306.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey rated very far down on the scale. Secondly, the Chinese had developed the abstract notion of the state. Millennia before the Europeans did. In Europe, at least after the collapse of the Roman Empire, in Europe between the Roman Empire and The French Revolution political obligations were futile. And the offices were more or less hereditary.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=306.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Chinese had, a least theoretically, a merit system and civil service at a time when Europe was still divided up into a series of feudal fiefdoms. And when every government employee was a personal retainer of some lord, the Chinese already had competitive systems of examination. Now one could go on, and on, and on.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=358.0,394.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nFor example in they have these huge excavations where the Chinese buried a whole division of statues. In lieu of burying the people, and so one has an exact. One has an accurate picture of what the Chinese military establishment was like 250 BC. And they were about 400 years ahead of the Europeans at that time.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=394.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI mean, they were at the point in 250 BC that the Romans reached about 200 AD. But where European history has series of catastrophic breaks, collapse of the Roman Empire, starting all over again, gradual development. The Chinese history is one of very slow progression. The Chinese were far ahead of Europe until about the 18th century technologically, and state craft, and the organization of their society.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=435.0,479.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut at the same time, they never had a technological revolution. And that's all the more interesting, because if you read Chinese books on physics, they had, in the 17th century, already, theories of physics that were not developed until the 18th century in the West, and 19th century. The only point is the Chinese did not believe in experiments.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=479.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd so they had the theory, but they didn't apply it. Now, I mentioned all of this to indicate a number of things. First, because of this long Chinese tradition of almost uninterrupted cultural homogeneity and of relatively few catastrophic breaks in the evolution of the style of life, there is a tradition of Chinese statecraft that is more consistent and more subtle than any in the West, certainly than any that I have encountered.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=508.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAt the same time, there is an inherent tension in Chinese society, Between the demands of the environment, And the essence of being Chinese. Now, that tension did not arise until 19th century, because being Chinese enabled you to dominate the environment. It even enabled you to absorb foreign conquerors, who became sinified, and became so much dominated by the culture that the Manchus, for example, who conquered China in the 17th century, remained there as rulers for 300 years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=566.0,627.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd when the West encountered them, took them as classical representatives of Chinese culture. But starting in the 19th century, the Chinese had a tremendous shock because they encountered the West, which they considered culturally inferior. They dealt with them as a sovereign state, to which they were not used.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=627.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then began to assault them military, for which they had no intellectual preparation, because while, occasionally, foreign conquerors had come, they had always been of a culture that could be assimilated. Now, at this point, the Chinese and Japanese histories diverge. Japan was sort of a cultural tributary of China until the 19th century.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=664.0,696.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd while its history had been different, it was, in its way, as peculiar as China was in its cultural identity. But the Japanese decided, when they were forcibly opened to the West, that cost what it may, they were going to modernize themselves, become as strong as the West, and if possible, stronger.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=696.0,727.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd even if it meant that they would have to give up their Japanese culture, they would imitate the West in order to become invulnerable. As it turned out, they didn't have to give up their Japanese culture, but they didn't know that when they started on that road. The Chinese made the opposite decision.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=727.0,752.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Chinese decided that if to modernize was to stop being Chinese, it wasn't worth it. And therefore, in the 19th century, the Chinese went back and forth between a decade of modernization and a decade of rebellion against the foreign devils. And essentially, the Chinese relied on their superior ability to manipulate the foreigners, while retaining their Chinese essence.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=752.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd one has to say they succeeded spectacularly. They were totally weak, and yet they did not go the route of India. They were the only country that was never occupied. And compared to their impotence, they gave up concessions in various cities. But they managed to get so many foreigners in that they could balance them off against each other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=791.0,825.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd instead of giving one concession, they gave several concessions. They invited limited colonization to make sure they could play off the various European states against each other. And to maintain any Chinese government under those circumstances was an extraordinary tour de force. Now, I've gone through this sketchy background because I think it is of some significance in understanding the Chinese attitudes towards contemporary international affairs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=825.0,873.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause on the one level, Chinese political society has been different from the West, Not only in the categories that I've already described, but also in the category, for example, that, where in the West, the realm of moral values and the realm of political authority were separated, in the sense that religion was not under the control of the state, in China, under Confucianism, the state was considered to be an ethical instrument.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=873.0,920.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the state, as the educator, as the imposer of moral standards, is not only not a strange Chinese phenomenon, it is the only Chinese political phenomenon that has ever existed. And for that reason, Western notions of political democracy are extraordinarily complex for Chinese to handle. In addition, The Chinese family structure, in China, you have always had authoritarianism.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=920.0,973.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMoral authoritarianism, mitigated by the autonomy of the family. And by the essentially madly individualistic character of the people. So that it is almost impossible to get the Chinese under coherent control. And you have, In a way, you don't need democracy in China because the people are so individualistic the units are so self contained.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=973.0,1007.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat, when I see some Chinese here, they can probably contradict me. But this is, I think, my perception of it. For example, I have gotten to know now Chinese communist leaders. And it's only in recent years that I have learned that many of them come from families that in 1948 deliberately split up.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1007.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne of them stayed with the communists, one went to Taiwan, and one went to the Unites States. And now, I don't know what contact they have with their brothers in Taiwan, but I saw a very high Chinese official a little while go. Came to my apartment and said what are you gonna do tomorrow?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1038.0,1056.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSaid I'm gonna visit my brother in Long Island.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And for 25 years, one had been a communist, the other had been on the United State's side, I'm absolutely certain. That at the time when our government had no clue how to communicate with Peking, that those families managed to communicate with each other by ways that are inscrutable to me.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1056.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut it is inconceivable to me that they did not know what the various family members are doing. So it creates a certain relativity of any political [INAUDIBLE].\nI say all of this because it's this phenomenon which we suddenly encountered at the end of the war. Now first the Chinese communist revolution was a rebellion against the colonization process of China.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1090.0,1135.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecond, it was revolution against Chinese feudalism. But mostly, I would say against the incompetence of the Chiang Kai Shek government. If it had been competent, it was not its oppressiveness that produced the revolution, it was its incompetence. And in this respect it has similarities to Vietnam, that failure proves that the mandate of heaven has been withdrawn.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1135.0,1172.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThird, the Maoist version of communism was a very Chinese phenomenon. In the sense that even though they claimed to be the representatives of objective historical forces, they also claimed that nobody could be as pure as the Chinese. They would not take foreign aid, they would not accept foreign contacts.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1172.0,1199.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMao lived just like a Chinese Emporer withdrawn in the old imperial city in very simple surroundings, but that's unimportant. Because in fact the emporers lived in fairly simple surroundings by Western Standards. If you compare the residence of the Chinese Emperor with the residence in Versailles, it's extremely simple.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1199.0,1221.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd so, in this sense, what Mao did is to create a Confucian state with communist philosophy instead of Confucian philosophy. In isolation, trying to prevail through the moral superiority of its maxims. On the other hand, And on the other hand, this was a monumental undertaking. Because it did mean they had to change all the old values of Chinese society, even if the forms changed.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1221.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they were still living in a international environment in which China was no longer physically predominant. So this created a tremendous incongruity, objectively, China was extremely weak. And they dealt with this problem by creating the impression that China was so dedicated to principles. And so absolutely adamant about the defense of its interests that if you threatened China at all, it would go to war, against all rational calculations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1277.0,1322.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo us who think like westerners and don't understand the situation properly. We thought in Korea we were facing unlimited hordes of Chinese manpower. It was total nonsense, the pool of trained Chinese manpower was minimal at the time. There were hordes, but they were needed to feed the country.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1322.0,1349.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe numbers of people that China could get involved in Korea was just about the maximum that they had available. There were no additional Chinese that could have been involved. It was an illusion they created by acting unyielding. For the Chinese to attack the strongest part in the world in Korea was by western standards an act of total irrationality.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1349.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey did it because they figured that if we could get away with getting to their borders without opposition, there was no telling what we would do next. And then once we had discovered their weakness, there would be no end to the demands we would make on them. And so, they threw absolutely everything they had into the Korean war and lost it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1379.0,1402.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut this was not like Vietnam, the Chinese were beaten in Korea, but managed to use our preconceptions. I mean, if we had continued fighting, when the negotiations started, the Chinese army in Korea would almost certainly have collapsed. And they had no additional resources. But they managed to drag us into a long negotiation, appealing to our preconceptions that when negotiations start you have to stop military operations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1402.0,1429.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they managed to get out of it. Same with India, India was bringing pressure on Tibet. And suddenly, the Chinese hit them. Everybody thought the Chinese were not gonna head for Calcutta. They couldn't head for Calcutta. They were at the absolute limit of their strength wherever they were.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1429.0,1453.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then they did very Chinese thing, they assembled all the equipment. Cleaned it that they had captured, left it in parks for the Indians and withdrew to the border they had claimed to have. Or in Vietnam last year by any Western calculation, for the Chinese to attack Vietnam which is physically stronger with their border against Russia effectively defenseless, was a mad enterprise.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1453.0,1488.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMost people thought the Russians would attack them. We had disassociated from the Chinese, and yet they did it. And they succeeded, because whatever we say about the military implications, they are now tying down 2 to 400,000 Vietnamese at their border. And they're protecting Thailand, because Vietnamese know that or they think know that if they go into Thailand, they're gonna get hit again.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1488.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow this is a very peculiar style of diplomacy that turns weakness into an asset. And implacability into an instrument. And it's also the result of at least in my experience, the most sophisticated analogies of the international environment that I know. The Chinese may not have understood a thing about the balance of power in the 18th century.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1530.0,1565.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut once they realized that they were living in a world of states that could harm them, they have made it their business to study it. And the most cold-blooded non-ideological analysis of the balance of power that one can encounter in the world, at least in this generation and the previous generation of leaders is in Peking.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1565.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, this however creates all of these strands create a number of problems. The first problem is an internal problem for the Chinese. How to be a Confucian state which at this moment means to be a communist state and yet how to modernize it which is the old problem of the 19th century.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1597.0,1630.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMao thought the way to do that was to be pure communist. The present generation of leaders is in my view attempting to dismantle communism. I mean they'll keep it as sort of a state religion but if I understand what they're trying to do now, it is to dismantle the communist party on the local level and on the regional level and to start a sort of state capitalism with a market economy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1630.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhether that can work, indeed whether you can gather 900 million people at all, whether that's possible technically that you can give orders that 900 million people obey. I think it's an open question. And I think we may suggest a back and forth between the traditional China which would be and Maoist and the modern China which is more or less the Tang Zhou Ping group.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1667.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I personally would not bet which of them is going to become the ultimate victor. Right now the Tang Zhou Ping group is the dominant group, but if they have ten years, they will certainly bring about revolutionary changes in the economy. And then it will be interesting to see what happens to governmental structures.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1701.0,1724.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow this is the domestic situation truly. But the international situation is how you survive as a weak state that fields itself intellectually superior in a world in which you have no illusions about human motivations. And I hope the Chinese people here do not think that doing them justice.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1724.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI do not think that excessive sentimentally is an attribute of Chinese state graph. How to do this requires a superior understanding of the international environment and a cold-blooded maneuvering among the various forces. Now by cold blooded maneuvering, I don't mean cheating, betraying, and taking advantage, because anybody who has dealt with the Chinese in business or in diplomacy knows that.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1753.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey have understood that in foreign policy, you meet the same people over and over again, and that therefore reliability is the best form of Machiavellianism. And where that in my experience written documents were not needed with the Chinese when they gave you their word, you could absolutely count on it and I'm told this is true in business, as well.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1803.0,1835.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt might be difficult to get their word, but there will be no petty. When I negotiated with the Chinese for those of you who wouldn't know the very first time I negotiated with the Chinese I said, that we wanted to draft and communicate and they said to me, how do we proceed?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1835.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI said, why don't we both put down our maximum position and see if where we can develop? [INAUDIBLE] Said, that's ridiculous. We'll never agree this way. Why don't we put nothing down and you tell me what you absolutely must have and I'll tell you what I absolutely must have and then let's go off and each try to communicate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1863.0,1885.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that's what we did. We spent three hours and I'll explain [INAUDIBLE] and he actually produced to communicate better for us than I did and we accepted their communicate with one word change. Now that you could never do with the Russians who are too emotionally insecure. On technical subjects I occasionally handed the Chinese my own briefing books that our own bureaucracy had prepared and I said rather than waste my time on going through this with you, why don't you study what I know?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1885.0,1921.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd then you will come up with a reasonable solution yourself. Again if you do this with the Russians you might as well commit suicide. Or with almost anybody else but these are, I've permitted the Chinese. For example, we only had an English text to Shanghai communicate when we had to leave.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1921.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI told to Chinese to translate it into Chinese and I trust them and they could have done anything. Afterwards I had it analyzed by a Chinese language expert, and whenever there were three or four Chinese words for an American word. They gave us the word that was best for us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1952.0,1975.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo but actually the Shanghai community is better for us in Chinese than in English. But when you say better, that's half of 1%. The irrelevant. But on the other end, it's very smart because it gained so much confidence that they can ban. While it's inconceivable to do that with the Soviets.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1975.0,1998.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt's a different society. I'm not saying that's a quality, because- The Chinese did not do this because they loved us. All this talk about the need for our two people to be close together is with all due respect to the Chinese here total nonsense. Chinese lived happily for thousands of years without contact with United States.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1998.0,2027.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they would live happily for thousands of more years without contact with the United States. Without any sense of deprivation, were it not for the fact that they cold, bloodedly decided in the 60's that they needed us. And they decided that they needed us. First they broke with the Soviets because they thought Soviets we're trying to dominate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2027.0,2065.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen after the invasion of Czechoslovakia, they decided that they had to get the two barbarians split from each other. And if possible to get us an interest in their defense in case the Soviets would attack them. Now I don't want to go through all the various diplomatic moves that we undertake to get us together.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2065.0,2096.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd for example the Nixon administration is often given credit for opening up China. But that's partly nonsense the Chinese decided they were going to move towards us. What we deserve credit for is that we understood what they needed to do this and that we chose a method of doing it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2096.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat wasn't too time consuming and that was compatible with their style of doing business. That is a merit we deserve but opening to the west was a Chinese decision. It was also our decision but we didn't talk them into it, we didn't convince them. They determined that they were going to balance us and the Russians.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2121.0,2148.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd to try to get us on their side if necessary in their defense. The various ways by which this would stand how you establish communication with a country with which you have absolutely no diplomatic relations. And moreover with a country that is in the habit of never asking for anything.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2148.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOne of the Chinese styles is to try to maneuver you to the position of asking them for what you want. Which is a residue of the middle kingdom. All these cumbersome maneuvers are not interesting now. What is interesting is the possible foundation of Chinese-American relations. I would say that in this current period of Chinese weakness.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2171.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Chinese required a close relationship with the United States. Conversely, we require a close relationship with China. Because if those, if the million Soviet troops that are now on the Chinese border were suddenly to show up in the Middle East or Western Europe. The whole local balance would be over term.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2207.0,2241.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo this is a case of reciprocal interest. We have to remember that the Chinese that did not start the quarrel with the Soviet Union, that's a favor to us. Conversely that quarrel started autonomously and it has it's own larger. Conversely we are not moving closer to China as a favor to them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2241.0,2285.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in fact, this is the only basis on which a relationship between the two of us can easily be understood and be cleared. Now this has a number of consequences. One has to do this Taiwan, it is not strange in Chinese history that provinces are autonomous, that has very often happened in Chinese history.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2285.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat is unacceptable to the Chinese is that a foreign country claims a legal right over a Chinese province. That they have also never accepted in Chinese history. Therefore, it is a great mistake to think that because they need us against the Soviet Union, we can do what we want in Taiwan.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2310.0,2338.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBecause the Chinese will conclude that if they give us legal rights in Taiwan. The Soviets can then claim legal rights in inner Mongolia, Sentai and other parts. And they will absolutely not accept this cuz what it may. On the other hand if we do not claim legal rights in Taiwan there is no inherent necessity for them to force a decision.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2338.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the ultimate evolution because they are sufficiently self-confident that Chinese culture is sufficiently peculiar. That sooner or later, the two parts are going to come together. So with respect to Taiwan. A large measure of autonomy and semi-independence. And relations to the United States is possible, just as long as we don't make an issue of it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2377.0,2416.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf we make an issue of it and ask him to accept it, I think it will lead to an explosion. Second this is the time on [INAUDIBLE] peculiar. Second in relation between us and the Chinese on the world scale. What the Chinese fundamentally want from us is to maintain the global balance of power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2416.0,2453.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat is the overwhelming interest they have in us. If for that they have to accept visits by the Boston Symphony-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And other things, they will endure this with good grace. And they will send us the Peking Opera. But I don't think that any Chinese political figure attaches any great significance to those events, except insofar as they help us establish a claim on each other.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2453.0,2491.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI do not think they believe they have a great deal to learn from us culturally. And they think we probably will not be able to learn a great deal from them culturally.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e What is a problem for them is the technical, is to come up to our technical level which is unique in Chinese history.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2491.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nUp to now China has always been educationally superior to its environment. But China now has twenty universities that were closed for ten years. For China to reach the university level of Japan, they would have to have 900 universities, if you do it by population. And to have ours, they'd have to have something like 3,000 universities.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2510.0,2544.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTo go from 20 universities to 900 universities, when you have missed 10 years of higher education, is a colossal problem. And nobody knows what the next generation of Chinese leaders will be like, when this present sophisticated group that were still trained on the old values and knows outside world, when the disappear.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2544.0,2568.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I say nobody knows maybe the Chinese know, I don't know. Nobody I know knows. And I suspect that the 70 year olds that run China now, also don't know exactly what will happen. That's a big unanswered question. But as long as the sophisticated people still run China, they will make a very careful analysis of the international situation.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2568.0,2595.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they will judge us by our performance. I don't think you can explain to any Chinese, how it was possible that the region from Pakistan, Iran, Turkey was turned from American predominance into hostility to the United States. This is incomprehensible. This is taken as a sign of weakness whatever moral reasons we give for it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2595.0,2622.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt would still be interpreted in China as a sign of our morality weakening us, to the point of unreliability. It also means that this idea that we can use the China card is extremely dangerous. Because the China card means that we will use China to annoy the Russians, when they do something bad.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2622.0,2649.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut the implication is that we will stop using China, if the Soviets are conciliatory to us. The only way of cooperating with the Chinese is, to have some agreement on what our mutual interests are. And convincing each other that we will pursue them, regardless of the fluctuations of other relationships.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2649.0,2679.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd secondly is convincing them that we will not fail to understand the requirements of the balance of power, in the pursuit of other abstract notions like human rights, or economic aid, or whatever else. So then if this analysis is correct, it is not at all to be excluded that if the Chinese overcome the massive obstacles to their own modernization, cultural, physical, technical and become really powerful like Japan, I would expect that they wanna be for it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2679.0,2722.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSadly as a [INAUDIBLE], but a powerful China will want to be recognized as powerful. There's absolutely no question about it. That will be our problem 20 years from now. So now until then the problem is, one big problem is, what do we do if the Soviets, the Soviets have an almost impossible problem with China.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2722.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey have Siberia, the major parts of which they took from China, populated by 30 million people confronting a population of 900 million on the other side of that border. A population that in its history textbooks, is still showing major parts of Siberia as Chinese. Now the immediate problem is that the Soviets are very nervous if we are in China.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2760.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut that's only an immediate problem. As China industrializes it will arm itself, it doesn't need us to arm it. Somewhere along the line, either China will fall apart as it has in its history. Or it will industrialize and then it will become strong. And when it becomes strong, the Soviet Union if I say we have a problem 25 years from now, the Soviets will have a problem ten years from now.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2795.0,2824.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nTherefore to the intense displeasure of my Chinese friends who do not like my saying this, because they think it establishes an extra claim. I have always believed that there is a better than 50-50 chance, that the Soviets will attack China some time, after it becomes clear that the Chinese have reached a level of self sustaining growth.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2824.0,2852.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nUnless the Soviets have begun falling apart in the meantime. That's why the Chinese leaders keep saying war is inevitable. Now how they will attack? What they will do? What [INAUDIBLE] all depends on the circumstances. What we will do in these circumstances, is an important question for us. Because the collapse of China as a major power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2852.0,2881.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd you don't have to occupy all of China to reduce from the status of the major power. It's, for us, equally serious as to almost as the collapse Europe. Because it would have major impact on Japan. It's an issue which as a nation we haven't faced yet. But which paradoxically, as China becomes more powerful.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2881.0,2906.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nUnless Russia becomes extremely weak underneath that, we will be forced to face. Now, unfortunately, I have to leave in about five minutes, so why don't stop here and take a few questions? Does anybody of Chinese origin who wants to dispute what I said?\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Anybody who knows more about China, which may well be 80% of the class?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2906.0,2934.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Yes.\n\u003e\u003e In terms of the US army, and China, you're talking about 20 years until China is a major power. Isn't there an interest in the United States to see that that happens sooner? And in terms of-\n\u003e\u003e Up to a certain point.\n\u003e\u003e Well, Earl okay, he was saying that the United States might be willing to spend $10 billion.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2934.0,2960.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOkay, over the next 10 years, and I'm wondering if that's a reasonable assumption?\n\u003e\u003e Well, one has to weigh many factors here, because in its present form, in its present organization. If we wanted to arm China, we would have to do all the arming. They have almost no industry to sustain it themselves.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2960.0,2987.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhich would mean a massive intrusion of American weapons, and I have my doubts that the Soviet Union would hold still for that. So, it's a very delicate problem for both, do you think the Soviets would hold still for $10 billion worth of American weapons into China?\n\u003e\u003e How about infrastructure?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2987.0,3009.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n[INAUDIBLE] the plants?\n\u003e\u003e Yeah, look, there are many things you can do, except one mustn't play around. When you begin involving yourself militarily in China, it is a monumental enterprise. Because it is the most sensitive point, the one country the Soviets are really afraid of is the Chinese.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3009.0,3032.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Haven't we already done though?\n\u003e\u003e Have we built the infrastructure? No-\n\u003e\u003e No,I mean haven't we already implied that we're going to involve ourselves militarily with the cross-oceanic defense exchanges and whatever.\n\u003e\u003e Well, but the Carter Administration, frankly, has played at these things. They have not done it seriously.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3032.0,3053.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e No, they haven't done it seriously, and in fact, they've played a very risky game. And I'm not saying we shouldn't do it. I personally have always believed that we cannot let the Soviets invade China, without an American military response. But I have never worked out exactly what that response should be.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3053.0,3078.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd how to get there, it's a very difficult problem.\n\u003e\u003e What do you see is the future of Chinese diplomatic strategy in Asia or in certain [INAUDIBLE] in Vietnam. They seem to be making of offenses.\n\u003e\u003e I think they'll try to go together with Japan. Their first problem, they have a monumental domestic problem.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3078.0,3109.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhich is to solve once and for all what they haven't solved for 150 years mainly the problem of modernization. And, in a funny way, the communist party has become the vehicle of old China and that has to be broken. I mean, as a major force if they're going to modernize.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3109.0,3135.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThen they'll have the problem, once they've done this, of how can you govern China? They use to do it with civil service and imperial preeminence, how do you do it without the communist party? And I don't know the answer to that. They must have worked out something in their minds, then they have to modernize.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3135.0,3165.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, how will they try to do it yet? They will try to break the diplomatic encirclement. They will try, systematically, to weaken the Soviets all over the world. They will try to occupy the Soviets in Afghanistan and Africa. The more they can bleed the Soviets, the better they like it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3165.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they will try to keep them so busy that they can't concentrate on China, and they'll try to break out of this encirclement. And they're very persistent and very skillful.\n\u003e\u003e Do you see the rapprochement in there that Vietnam as a way of doing this?\n\u003e\u003e No, but I would not exclude a rapprochement with the Soviet Union if we, if they'll give us another two, three years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3185.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf we behave incompetently in the next administration, I don't know whether they can get a rapprochement with the Soviets. But they will not be the last ones to die on the barricades. They may be the last ones to die on the barricades, they won't be the first ones to die on the barricades.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3221.0,3241.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow how they will work that out, I don't know. But they've given themselves the option of negotiating with the Soviets. There is a forum just as they had a forum with us in Warsaw the whole time of frozen relations. They have a forum for the Soviets they haven't activated it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3241.0,3258.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they would prefer not to do it, but they're not going to stay tied to a loser. Vietnam, I don't think that's possible. India is possible.\n\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger, do you see any position for yourself in the new administration, and helping them to do-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3258.0,3288.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e Or that, probably not if you want my, as I've said repeatedly, publicly, I'll go on missions not on full time.\n\u003e\u003e Did China teach Vietnam a lesson [INAUDIBLE]?\n\u003e\u003e Well, I think the Chinese learned that their army was very antiquated. But I think they've taught the Vietnamese a lesson in the sense they inflicted very high casualties of the Vietnamese.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3288.0,3327.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they devastated the whole area from the border 25 miles inland. And they've at least taught them that they cannot dilute their border with Vietnam and with China, and engage in imperial adventures. I don't know what their plan was, whether they achieved everything they wanted. They certainly suffered much heavier casualties than they expected.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3327.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'll take one more question then I have to go.\n\u003e\u003e The Americans historically pride themselves on a special relationship with China. Is there any real recognition of that in any way shape or form from the Chinese side?\n\u003e\u003e Look, I don't want to speak for the Chinese because actually I've been there ten times only dealing with government officials.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3360.0,3378.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI can only give you my perception. My perception is that the special relationship with China, the Chinese sort of invited the open door policy. Because that was a good way of pitting everybody against each other. I mean, as long as everybody had a right of going to China and nobody could [INAUDIBLE] to in China and to in India.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3378.0,3407.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I don't think that the Chinese were madly enthusiastic about having American concessions in Shanghai. But, they figured as long as somebody had to be in Shanghai. It was better that all foreigners were there than that one was preeminent. And that as long as they could have somebody else interested in China.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3407.0,3429.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt would give them protection if any one country tried to grab all of China. Which indeed happened when the Japanese opened the Chinese. I'm not grateful for the open door policy.Open door meant everybody had an equal right to go into China. The Chinese used the open door policy for their own purposes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3429.0,3454.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow on the whole, my guess is that the Chinese like the Russians least. Because they've grabbed most Chinese territory. And because in their manners, they are the most uncouth and domineering of the barbarians. I think they're sort of like the Americans. But I, frankly, of all the people I've dealt with I find the Chinese the most interesting.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3454.0,3487.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd they're the most loyal friends on a personal level and the most trustworthy in the conduct of diplomacy. I would not say that they like Americans.\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Less offensive than some-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Than some others. But you ought to ask some of your Chinese acquaintances whether that assessment is correct.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3487.0,3519.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Chinese have a great sense of humor and therefore there are many surface similarities. But the Chinese tend to think that a serious man never says anything without a purpose. While an American kidding around precisely has no purpose. So you kid around at an official level with the Chinese.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3519.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8547/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nEven though the joking sounds. The Chinese is trying to figure out what you're really trying to [CROSSTALK].\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And you can be sure he's trying to tell you something, even though you may be a little too slow to figure it out. You say, but I don't think there is any-\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3543.0,3574.28244"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b1000_0001_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can ask me about next Tuesday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=4.223,8.628"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Next we're gonna meet on Tuesday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=8.628,12.555"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Same time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=12.555,13.512"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Same time, I know we're all\neager to meet on Wednesday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=13.512,16.724"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH] And I have to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=16.724,26.187"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to end this little\nearlier today about 5:20.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=29.063,33.798"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted, I'll talk today about China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=35.911,41.651"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next time about the Middle East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=41.651,46.741"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, We'll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=46.741,52.412"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a number of wrap up sessions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=52.412,56.985"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we've been discussing various","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=64.821,70.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aspects of a foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=70.67,75.246"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The country we have, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=79.37,82.819"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a long time had greatest difficulty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=82.819,87.749"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understanding, has been China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=87.749,92.522"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partly because for a variety of reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=92.522,99.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For one reason, the Chinese political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=99.63,104.288"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience is totally different from ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=104.288,109.663"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until about 2,000 years ago,\nthe Chinese history was more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=109.663,113.267"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less similar to European history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=113.267,115.205"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the sense that there were\na large number of states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=115.205,120.805"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were maneuvering\nagainst each other on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=120.805,125.625"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the basis of diplomacy\nof sovereign countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=125.625,130.988"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But well actually about 200 BC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=130.988,138.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese formed\na unified political system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=141.74,144.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while afterwards they\noccasionally had civil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=145.8,151.244"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wars that were frequently\noccupied by foreign invaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=151.244,157.593"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese, in their orbit,\nnever had to conduct foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=157.593,164.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of the principal\nof sovereignty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=164.85,169.919"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese were culturally preeminent and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=169.919,175.372"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physically predominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=175.372,178.768"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese perception of\ninternational relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=184.29,189.951"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was of the Middle Kingdom\nsurrounded by a series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=189.951,195.096"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of concentric circles\nof tributary states in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=195.096,199.984"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various forms of vassal\nrelationship to Peking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=199.984,205.412"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The tribute was for\nthe Chinese not a question of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=205.412,211.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not derived from inquisitiveness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=211.855,216.613"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the Chinese would often give back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=216.613,221.983"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more as gifts to their, technically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=221.983,227.048"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"battle states that they\nreceived from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=227.048,232.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a question of\nprinciple of establishing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=232.9,238.585"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the idea of cultural and\npolitical superiority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=238.585,244.717"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore when the British ambassador","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=244.717,250.092"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appeared at the end of the 18th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=250.092,255.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was treated in one\ncategory of tributary state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=255.466,261.897"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was put through the chord\nritual that established his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=265.063,270.735"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hierarchical relationship to\nthe emperor which was very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=270.735,276.181"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"low because he was very far away and\nmoreover a barbarian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=276.181,281.755"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the degree of\nbarbariandom being measured","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=284.867,290.431"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the degree to which Chinese\ncultural forms had been assimilated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=290.431,298.119"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously since the Europeans had\nno Chinese cultural forms whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=300.03,306.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They rated very far down on the scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=306.7,312.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, the Chinese had developed\nthe abstract notion of the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=314.91,322.284"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Millennia before the Europeans did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=324.307,326.643"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Europe, at least after\nthe collapse of the Roman Empire,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=329.962,336.599"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe between the Roman Empire and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=336.599,340.763"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The French Revolution political\nobligations were futile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=340.763,347.416"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the offices were more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=347.416,352.828"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less hereditary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=352.828,356.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese had, a least theoretically,\na merit system and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=358.16,364.815"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civil service at a time\nwhen Europe was still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=364.815,369.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"divided up into a series\nof feudal fiefdoms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=369.644,374.616"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when every government employee\nwas a personal retainer of some lord,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=374.616,382.911"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese already had competitive\nsystems of examination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=382.911,390.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now one could go on, and on, and on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=391.4,394.48"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example in they have these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=394.48,399.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge excavations where the Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=399.672,404.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buried a whole division of statues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=404.54,409.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In lieu of burying the people,\nand so one has an exact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=414.006,420.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One has an accurate picture\nof what the Chinese military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=422.221,426.907"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"establishment was like 250 BC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=426.907,429.909"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were about 400 years ahead\nof the Europeans at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=429.909,435.157"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they were at the point in 250 BC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=435.157,439.863"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Romans reached about 200 AD.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=439.863,444.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But where European history has\nseries of catastrophic breaks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=444.573,449.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collapse of the Roman Empire, starting\nall over again, gradual development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=449.758,456.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese history is one\nof very slow progression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=458.21,462.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese were far ahead of Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=464.89,470.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until about the 18th century\ntechnologically, and state craft, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=472.65,476.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the organization of their society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=476.82,478.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time,\nthey never had a technological revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=479.666,483.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's all the more interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=485.6,488.449"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if you read Chinese\nbooks on physics, they had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=488.449,492.592"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 17th century, already,\ntheories of physics that were not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=492.592,497.512"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed until the 18th century\nin the West, and 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=497.512,502.631"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only point is the Chinese\ndid not believe in experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=502.631,508.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they had the theory,\nbut they didn't apply it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=508.51,510.761"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I mentioned all of this to\nindicate a number of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=513.511,519.795"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, because of this long Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=519.795,525.082"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tradition of almost uninterrupted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=525.082,530.198"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultural homogeneity and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=530.198,533.949"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of relatively few catastrophic breaks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=533.949,539.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the evolution of the style of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=539.577,545.033"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a tradition of Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=545.033,549.467"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"statecraft that is more consistent and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=549.467,555.095"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more subtle than any in the West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=555.095,559.868"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly than any that\nI have encountered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=559.868,566.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time, there is an inherent\ntension in Chinese society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=566.38,574.916"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Between the demands of the environment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=577.826,582.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the essence of being Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=588.115,590.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that tension did not\narise until 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=592.51,596.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because being Chinese enabled\nyou to dominate the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=596.38,601.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It even enabled you to\nabsorb foreign conquerors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=602.83,608.036"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who became sinified, and became so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=608.036,611.667"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much dominated by the culture\nthat the Manchus, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=611.667,616.994"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example, who conquered\nChina in the 17th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=616.994,622.563"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remained there as rulers for 300 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=622.563,627.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the West encountered them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=627.06,631.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took them as classical\nrepresentatives of Chinese culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=631.99,640.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But starting in the 19th century,\nthe Chinese had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=643.653,648.659"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a tremendous shock because\nthey encountered the West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=648.659,654.006"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they considered culturally inferior.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=654.006,658.459"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They dealt with them as a sovereign state,\nto which they were not used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=658.459,664.775"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then began to assault them military,\nfor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=664.775,668.338"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they had no intellectual\npreparation, because while,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=668.338,673.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occasionally, foreign conquerors had come,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=673.31,677.063"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had always been of a culture\nthat could be assimilated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=677.063,681.881"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, at this point, the Chinese and\nJapanese histories diverge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=683.277,689.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan was sort of a cultural tributary\nof China until the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=689.74,696.479"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while its history had been different,\nit was, in its way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=696.479,702.164"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as peculiar as China was\nin its cultural identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=702.164,706.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Japanese decided,\nwhen they were forcibly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=706.79,712.208"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opened to the West, that cost what it may,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=712.208,716.744"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were going to modernize themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=716.744,721.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become as strong as the West,\nand if possible, stronger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=721.28,727.589"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even if it meant that they would\nhave to give up their Japanese culture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=727.589,733.827"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would imitate the West in\norder to become invulnerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=733.827,738.989"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As it turned out, they didn't have to\ngive up their Japanese culture, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=741.305,744.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't know that when\nthey started on that road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=744.88,747.908"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese made the opposite decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=749.21,752.089"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese decided that if to\nmodernize was to stop being Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=752.089,758.018"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't worth it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=758.018,759.899"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, in the 19th century,\nthe Chinese went back and forth between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=762.38,766.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a decade of modernization and a decade\nof rebellion against the foreign devils.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=766.25,771.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And essentially,\nthe Chinese relied on their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=772.55,777.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"superior ability to\nmanipulate the foreigners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=777.644,783.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while retaining their Chinese essence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=783.129,787.709"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one has to say they\nsucceeded spectacularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=791.239,798.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were totally weak, and yet\nthey did not go the route of India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=798.47,804.882"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were the only country\nthat was never occupied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=804.882,807.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And compared to their impotence, they\ngave up concessions in various cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=809.0,815.809"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they managed to get so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=817.23,818.831"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many foreigners in that they could\nbalance them off against each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=818.831,823.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And instead of giving one concession,\nthey gave several concessions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=825.2,829.196"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They invited limited\ncolonization to make sure they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=829.196,832.752"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could play off the various European\nstates against each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=832.752,837.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to maintain any Chinese\ngovernment under those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=838.6,843.204"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"circumstances was\nan extraordinary tour de force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=843.204,847.924"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I've gone through\nthis sketchy background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=847.924,854.099"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think it is of some significance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=854.099,859.245"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in understanding the Chinese attitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=859.245,864.245"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards contemporary\ninternational affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=864.245,870.288"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because on the one level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=873.773,875.468"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese political society has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=880.18,885.822"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been different from the West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=885.822,891.468"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only in the categories that\nI've already described, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=894.536,898.931"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also in the category, for\nexample, that, where in the West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=898.931,903.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the realm of moral values and the realm\nof political authority were separated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=903.41,909.073"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense that religion was not under\nthe control of the state, in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=909.073,914.482"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under Confucianism, the state was\nconsidered to be an ethical instrument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=914.482,920.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the state, as the educator,\nas the imposer of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=920.37,926.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moral standards, is not only not\na strange Chinese phenomenon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=926.79,932.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is the only Chinese political\nphenomenon that has ever existed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=932.25,935.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for that reason,\nWestern notions of political democracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=938.29,943.925"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are extraordinarily complex for\nChinese to handle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=943.925,948.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=953.755,955.372"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese family structure, in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=962.619,966.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have always had authoritarianism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=966.644,970.456"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moral authoritarianism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=973.068,976.118"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitigated by the autonomy of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=976.118,980.761"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by the essentially madly\nindividualistic character of the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=982.13,987.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that it is almost impossible to get\nthe Chinese under coherent control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=989.0,994.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you have, In a way,\nyou don't need democracy in China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=996.15,1002.503"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the people are so individualistic\nthe units are so self contained.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1002.503,1007.567"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That, when I see some Chinese here,\nthey can probably contradict me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1007.567,1013.302"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is, I think, my perception of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1013.302,1016.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, I have gotten to know\nnow Chinese communist leaders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1016.77,1022.324"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's only in recent years\nthat I have learned that many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1025.238,1030.775"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of them come from families that\nin 1948 deliberately split up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1030.775,1037.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them stayed with the communists,\none went to Taiwan, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1038.25,1041.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one went to the Unites States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1041.43,1042.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now, I don't know what contact they\nhave with their brothers in Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1044.7,1049.735"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I saw a very high Chinese\nofficial a little while go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1049.735,1053.387"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Came to my apartment and\nsaid what are you gonna do tomorrow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1053.387,1056.218"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Said I'm gonna visit my\nbrother in Long Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1056.218,1060.841"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And for 25 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1060.841,1063.238"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one had been a communist,\nthe other had been on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1063.238,1068.623"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United State's side,\nI'm absolutely certain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1068.623,1075.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That at the time when our\ngovernment had no clue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1075.94,1078.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to communicate with Peking,\nthat those families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1080.02,1084.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to communicate with each other\nby ways that are inscrutable to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1084.75,1089.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is inconceivable to\nme that they did not know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1090.48,1095.106"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the various family members are doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1095.106,1099.191"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it creates a certain relativity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1099.191,1105.633"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any political [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1105.633,1111.193"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say all of this because it's this\nphenomenon which we suddenly encountered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1111.193,1116.181"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1116.181,1117.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now first the Chinese communist revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1119.99,1125.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a rebellion against\nthe colonization process of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1127.3,1133.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, it was revolution\nagainst Chinese feudalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1135.36,1141.771"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But mostly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1141.771,1144.685"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say against the incompetence\nof the Chiang Kai Shek government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1147.392,1151.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it had been competent,\nit was not its oppressiveness that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1151.92,1157.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produced the revolution,\nit was its incompetence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1157.03,1159.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this respect it has\nsimilarities to Vietnam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1161.95,1166.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that failure proves that the mandate\nof heaven has been withdrawn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1166.68,1172.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Third, the Maoist version of communism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1172.14,1177.895"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a very Chinese phenomenon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1177.895,1182.472"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the sense that even though they claimed\nto be the representatives of objective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1182.472,1188.238"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historical forces, they also claimed that\nnobody could be as pure as the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1188.238,1194.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would not take foreign aid,\nthey would not accept foreign contacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1195.22,1199.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mao lived just like a Chinese Emporer\nwithdrawn in the old imperial city in very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1199.72,1204.477"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simple surroundings,\nbut that's unimportant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1204.477,1207.592"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because in fact the emporers lived\nin fairly simple surroundings by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1207.592,1211.499"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Western Standards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1211.499,1212.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you compare the residence of\nthe Chinese Emperor with the residence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1212.74,1217.693"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Versailles, it's extremely simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1217.693,1221.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, in this sense,\nwhat Mao did is to create a Confucian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1221.36,1226.916"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state with communist philosophy\ninstead of Confucian philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1226.916,1233.378"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In isolation, trying to prevail through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1237.086,1242.301"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the moral superiority of its maxims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1242.301,1247.072"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1251.18,1260.611"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other hand,\nthis was a monumental undertaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1260.611,1267.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it did mean they had to change\nall the old values of Chinese society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1267.86,1272.883"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if the forms changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1272.883,1274.696"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were still living in\na international environment in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1277.08,1282.053"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China was no longer\nphysically predominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1282.053,1285.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this created a tremendous incongruity,\nobjectively, China was extremely weak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1287.38,1293.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they dealt with this\nproblem by creating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1295.74,1299.347"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impression that China was so\ndedicated to principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1299.347,1304.231"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so absolutely adamant\nabout the defense of its","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1304.231,1309.083"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interests that if you\nthreatened China at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1309.083,1313.704"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would go to war,\nagainst all rational calculations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1313.704,1319.264"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To us who think like westerners and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1322.192,1325.864"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't understand the situation properly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1325.864,1330.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We thought in Korea we were facing\nunlimited hordes of Chinese manpower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1330.69,1336.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was total nonsense, the pool of trained\nChinese manpower was minimal at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1336.1,1343.591"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were hordes, but\nthey were needed to feed the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1343.591,1349.236"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The numbers of people that China could\nget involved in Korea was just about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1349.236,1353.459"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the maximum that they had available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1353.459,1356.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were no additional Chinese\nthat could have been involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1356.21,1360.122"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was an illusion they\ncreated by acting unyielding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1360.122,1366.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the Chinese to attack the strongest\npart in the world in Korea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1366.91,1371.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was by western standards\nan act of total irrationality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1373.64,1378.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did it because they figured that if\nwe could get away with getting to their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1379.29,1383.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"borders without opposition, there was\nno telling what we would do next.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1383.65,1387.828"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then once we had\ndiscovered their weakness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1387.828,1391.211"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there would be no end to\nthe demands we would make on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1391.211,1396.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, they threw absolutely everything\nthey had into the Korean war and lost it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1396.11,1401.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this was not like Vietnam,\nthe Chinese were beaten in Korea, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1402.44,1407.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to use our preconceptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1407.74,1411.08"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if we had continued fighting,\nwhen the negotiations started,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1411.08,1414.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese army in Korea would\nalmost certainly have collapsed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1414.16,1416.897"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they had no additional resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1416.897,1419.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they managed to drag\nus into a long negotiation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1420.94,1424.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appealing to our preconceptions that\nwhen negotiations start you have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1424.39,1428.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stop military operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1428.47,1429.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they managed to get out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1429.92,1432.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Same with India,\nIndia was bringing pressure on Tibet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1433.94,1438.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And suddenly, the Chinese hit them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1439.88,1443.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody thought the Chinese\nwere not gonna head for Calcutta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1443.16,1446.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They couldn't head for Calcutta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1446.94,1448.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were at the absolute limit of\ntheir strength wherever they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1448.89,1451.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they did very Chinese thing,\nthey assembled all the equipment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1453.1,1458.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleaned it that they had captured,\nleft it in parks for the Indians and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1458.23,1463.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"withdrew to the border\nthey had claimed to have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1463.24,1467.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in Vietnam last year by\nany Western calculation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1467.58,1472.992"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Chinese to attack\nVietnam which is physically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1472.992,1478.527"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stronger with their border against Russia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1478.527,1482.955"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"effectively defenseless,\nwas a mad enterprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1482.955,1488.249"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people thought\nthe Russians would attack them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1488.249,1492.072"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had disassociated from the Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1492.072,1497.572"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet they did it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1497.572,1500.328"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they succeeded, because whatever\nwe say about the military implications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1500.328,1507.542"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are now tying down 2 to\n400,000 Vietnamese at their border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1507.542,1514.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're protecting Thailand,\nbecause Vietnamese know that or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1515.85,1521.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they think know that if they go into\nThailand, they're gonna get hit again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1521.0,1526.783"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is a very peculiar\nstyle of diplomacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1530.601,1536.462"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that turns weakness into an asset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1536.462,1541.098"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And implacability into an instrument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1541.098,1548.723"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's also the result of\nat least in my experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1548.723,1552.408"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most sophisticated analogies of\nthe international environment that I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1552.408,1558.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese may not have understood\na thing about the balance of power in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1558.88,1563.821"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 18th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1563.821,1565.312"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But once they realized that they were\nliving in a world of states that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1565.312,1570.127"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could harm them, they have made\nit their business to study it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1570.127,1574.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the most cold-blooded non-ideological","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1574.61,1579.423"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analysis of the balance of\npower that one can encounter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1579.423,1585.097"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world,\nat least in this generation and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1585.097,1589.782"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the previous generation\nof leaders is in Peking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1589.782,1594.983"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this however creates all of these\nstrands create a number of problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1597.479,1605.527"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first problem is an internal\nproblem for the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1608.496,1614.987"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How to be a Confucian state which at this\nmoment means to be a communist state and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1618.472,1624.982"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet how to modernize it which is\nthe old problem of the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1624.982,1630.821"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mao thought the way to do that\nwas to be pure communist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1630.821,1636.638"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The present generation of leaders is in my\nview attempting to dismantle communism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1636.638,1644.497"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean they'll keep it as\nsort of a state religion but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1644.497,1648.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I understand what they're trying\nto do now, it is to dismantle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1648.577,1653.678"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the communist party on the local level and\non the regional level and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1653.678,1658.873"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to start a sort of state\ncapitalism with a market economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1658.873,1663.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether that can work,\nindeed whether you can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1667.08,1671.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gather 900 million people at all,\nwhether that's possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1671.98,1676.835"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technically that you can give orders\nthat 900 million people obey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1676.835,1681.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's an open question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1682.88,1684.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think we may suggest a back and\nforth between the traditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1685.73,1690.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China which would be and Maoist and\nthe modern China which is more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1693.04,1698.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less the Tang Zhou Ping group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1698.0,1699.564"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I personally would not bet\nwhich of them is going to become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1701.39,1705.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ultimate victor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1705.15,1707.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now the Tang Zhou Ping group is\nthe dominant group, but if they have ten","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1707.3,1712.211"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, they will certainly bring about\nrevolutionary changes in the economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1712.211,1717.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it will be interesting to see\nwhat happens to governmental structures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1717.46,1724.122"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is the domestic situation truly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1724.122,1727.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the international situation is how you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1727.426,1732.081"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survive as a weak state that fields itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1732.081,1736.605"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intellectually superior\nin a world in which you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1736.605,1741.774"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have no illusions about human motivations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1741.774,1746.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope the Chinese people here do\nnot think that doing them justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1746.7,1753.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not think that\nexcessive sentimentally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1753.52,1757.146"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an attribute of Chinese state graph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1757.146,1760.483"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How to do this requires\na superior understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1763.587,1770.602"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the international environment and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1770.602,1776.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a cold-blooded maneuvering\namong the various forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1776.078,1784.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now by cold blooded maneuvering,\nI don't mean cheating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1784.3,1789.684"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"betraying, and taking advantage,\nbecause anybody who has dealt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1789.684,1795.715"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Chinese in business or\nin diplomacy knows that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1795.715,1800.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have understood\nthat in foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1803.867,1807.903"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you meet the same people over and\nover again, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1807.903,1812.144"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that therefore reliability is\nthe best form of Machiavellianism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1812.144,1818.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where that in my experience\nwritten documents were not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1820.262,1824.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed with the Chinese when\nthey gave you their word,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1824.78,1829.021"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could absolutely count on it and I'm\ntold this is true in business, as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1829.021,1835.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It might be difficult to get their word,\nbut there will be no petty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1835.31,1843.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I negotiated with the Chinese for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1843.73,1847.378"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those of you who wouldn't\nknow the very first time I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1847.378,1852.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"negotiated with the Chinese I said,\nthat we wanted to draft and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1852.28,1858.322"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"communicate and they said to me,\nhow do we proceed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1858.322,1863.347"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, why don't we both put\ndown our maximum position and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1863.347,1866.604"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see if where we can develop?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1866.604,1868.177"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] Said, that's ridiculous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1868.177,1872.194"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll never agree this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1872.194,1873.817"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why don't we put nothing down and you\ntell me what you absolutely must have and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1873.817,1879.001"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you what I\nabsolutely must have and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1879.001,1882.032"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then let's go off and\neach try to communicate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1882.032,1885.253"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what we did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1885.253,1886.097"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We spent three hours and\nI'll explain [INAUDIBLE] and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1886.097,1890.075"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he actually produced to communicate\nbetter for us than I did and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1890.075,1894.869"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we accepted their communicate\nwith one word change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1894.869,1898.948"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that you could never do with the\nRussians who are too emotionally insecure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1898.948,1903.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On technical subjects I occasionally\nhanded the Chinese my own briefing books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1904.93,1909.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that our own bureaucracy had prepared and\nI said rather than waste my time on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1909.97,1914.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going through this with you,\nwhy don't you study what I know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1915.98,1919.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you will come up with\na reasonable solution yourself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1921.0,1928.26"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again if you do this with the Russians\nyou might as well commit suicide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1928.26,1934.402"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or with almost anybody else but these are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1934.402,1941.386"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've permitted the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1941.386,1946.434"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1946.434,1947.143"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we only had an English text to Shanghai\ncommunicate when we had to leave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1947.143,1950.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told to Chinese to\ntranslate it into Chinese and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1952.27,1957.334"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I trust them and\nthey could have done anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1957.334,1962.285"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Afterwards I had it analyzed by\na Chinese language expert, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1962.285,1966.005"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whenever there were three or\nfour Chinese words for an American word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1966.005,1970.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They gave us the word that was best for\nus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1971.86,1975.894"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So but actually the Shanghai community is\nbetter for us in Chinese than in English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1975.894,1982.063"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when you say better,\nthat's half of 1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1982.063,1985.343"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The irrelevant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1985.343,1987.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other end,\nit's very smart because it gained so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1987.56,1990.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much confidence that they can ban.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1990.36,1992.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While it's inconceivable to\ndo that with the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1993.77,1998.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a different society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1998.573,1999.888"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that's a quality, because-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=1999.888,2004.521"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese did not do this\nbecause they loved us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2007.566,2009.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All this talk about the need for\nour two people to be close together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2011.75,2017.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is with all due respect to\nthe Chinese here total nonsense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2018.31,2022.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese lived happily for thousands of\nyears without contact with United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2023.42,2027.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they would live happily for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2027.85,2029.943"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousands of more years without\ncontact with the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2029.943,2034.382"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without any sense of deprivation,\nwere it not for the fact that they cold,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2034.382,2041.485"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bloodedly decided in the 60's\nthat they needed us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2041.485,2046.696"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they decided that they needed us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2050.09,2054.255"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First they broke with\nthe Soviets because they thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2054.255,2059.237"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviets we're trying to dominate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2059.237,2062.603"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then after the invasion of Czechoslovakia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2065.959,2069.899"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they decided that they had to get the two\nbarbarians split from each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2069.899,2076.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if possible to get us\nan interest in their defense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2077.59,2082.059"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in case the Soviets would attack them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2083.67,2085.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I don't want to go\nthrough all the various","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2087.3,2091.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diplomatic moves that we\nundertake to get us together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2091.3,2096.255"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for example the Nixon administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2096.255,2100.648"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is often given credit for\nopening up China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2100.648,2105.301"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's partly nonsense the Chinese\ndecided they were going to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2105.301,2109.113"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2109.113,2109.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we deserve credit for\nis that we understood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2109.85,2112.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they needed to do this and\nthat we chose a method of doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2114.91,2119.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That wasn't too time consuming and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2121.58,2126.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was compatible with their\nstyle of doing business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2126.05,2130.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a merit we deserve but opening\nto the west was a Chinese decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2130.03,2135.313"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was also our decision but\nwe didn't talk them into it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2135.313,2138.963"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we didn't convince them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2138.963,2141.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They determined that they were going\nto balance us and the Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2141.66,2147.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to try to get us on their side\nif necessary in their defense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2148.2,2156.155"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The various ways by which this would\nstand how you establish communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2156.155,2160.931"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a country with which you have\nabsolutely no diplomatic relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2160.931,2165.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And moreover with a country that is in\nthe habit of never asking for anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2165.57,2171.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the Chinese styles is to try to\nmaneuver you to the position of asking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2171.99,2176.772"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them for what you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2176.772,2178.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is a residue of the middle kingdom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2181.575,2184.84"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All these cumbersome maneuvers\nare not interesting now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2184.84,2187.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is interesting is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2187.5,2189.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the possible foundation of\nChinese-American relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2193.05,2197.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say that in this current\nperiod of Chinese weakness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2200.13,2207.671"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese required a close","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2207.671,2211.427"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship with the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2211.427,2216.598"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conversely, we require a close\nrelationship with China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2219.198,2224.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if those, if the million Soviet\ntroops that are now on the Chinese border","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2225.49,2230.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were suddenly to show up in\nthe Middle East or Western Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2230.64,2234.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole local balance\nwould be over term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2236.03,2241.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is a case of reciprocal interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2241.32,2245.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to remember that\nthe Chinese that did not start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2247.13,2251.296"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the quarrel with the Soviet Union,\nthat's a favor to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2251.296,2255.843"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conversely that quarrel started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2261.416,2266.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"autonomously and it has it's own larger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2266.4,2272.845"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conversely we are not moving closer\nto China as a favor to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2272.845,2281.586"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, this is the only basis on\nwhich a relationship between the two of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2285.73,2289.837"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can easily be understood and be cleared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2289.837,2292.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this has a number of consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2293.31,2295.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One has to do this Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2295.07,2297.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not strange in Chinese history\nthat provinces are autonomous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2297.373,2303.451"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has very often happened\nin Chinese history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2303.451,2307.877"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is unacceptable to\nthe Chinese is that a foreign","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2310.18,2315.328"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country claims a legal right\nover a Chinese province.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2315.328,2320.712"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they have also never\naccepted in Chinese history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2320.712,2326.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, it is a great\nmistake to think that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2329.46,2332.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they need us against the Soviet\nUnion, we can do what we want in Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2332.28,2337.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the Chinese will conclude that\nif they give us legal rights in Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2338.92,2345.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviets can then claim legal rights in\ninner Mongolia, Sentai and other parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2347.21,2353.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they will absolutely not\naccept this cuz what it may.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2354.96,2360.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand if we do not\nclaim legal rights in Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2362.61,2369.59"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no inherent necessity for\nthem to force a decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2371.95,2375.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the ultimate evolution because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2377.27,2381.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are sufficiently self-confident that\nChinese culture is sufficiently peculiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2382.64,2388.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sooner or later,\nthe two parts are going to come together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2390.07,2394.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So with respect to Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2396.27,2397.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A large measure of autonomy and\nsemi-independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2400.66,2406.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And relations to the United States is\npossible, just as long as we don't make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2406.09,2411.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an issue of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2411.1,2416.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we make an issue of it and\nask him to accept it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2416.65,2421.258"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it will lead to an explosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2421.258,2424.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second this is the time\non [INAUDIBLE] peculiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2427.356,2433.563"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second in relation between us and\nthe Chinese on the world scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2433.563,2437.829"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the Chinese fundamentally\nwant from us is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2440.36,2444.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintain the global balance of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2444.426,2447.706"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the overwhelming\ninterest they have in us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2453.014,2455.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If for that they have to accept\nvisits by the Boston Symphony-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2455.75,2459.235"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2459.235,2461.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e And other things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2461.23,2462.702"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will endure this with good grace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2462.702,2465.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they will send us the Peking Opera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2465.74,2468.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't think that any\nChinese political figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2470.14,2475.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attaches any great\nsignificance to those events,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2477.01,2481.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except insofar as they help us establish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2481.78,2487.392"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a claim on each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2487.392,2491.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not think they believe they have\na great deal to learn from us culturally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2491.29,2494.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they think we probably will not\nbe able to learn a great deal from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2496.06,2499.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them culturally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2499.51,2500.296"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e What is a problem for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2500.296,2504.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them is the technical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2504.067,2505.537"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to come up to our technical level\nwhich is unique in Chinese history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2505.537,2510.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Up to now China has always been\neducationally superior to its environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2510.81,2515.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But China now has twenty universities\nthat were closed for ten years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2517.93,2522.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For China to reach\nthe university level of Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2523.66,2528.802"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would have to have 900 universities,\nif you do it by population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2528.802,2536.409"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to have ours, they'd have to have\nsomething like 3,000 universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2538.07,2542.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To go from 20 universities\nto 900 universities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2544.3,2547.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you have missed 10 years of higher\neducation, is a colossal problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2547.8,2553.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody knows what the next generation\nof Chinese leaders will be like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2555.03,2558.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when this present sophisticated group that\nwere still trained on the old values and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2558.72,2563.955"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knows outside world, when the disappear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2563.955,2568.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I say nobody knows maybe\nthe Chinese know, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2568.3,2571.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody I know knows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2571.68,2572.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I suspect that the 70\nyear olds that run China now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2574.22,2577.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also don't know exactly what will happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2577.89,2580.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big unanswered question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2580.68,2583.233"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as long as the sophisticated\npeople still run China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2583.233,2588.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will make a very careful analysis\nof the international situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2588.0,2594.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they will judge us by our performance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2595.63,2597.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think you can\nexplain to any Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2597.95,2601.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how it was possible that the region\nfrom Pakistan, Iran, Turkey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2601.46,2606.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was turned from American predominance\ninto hostility to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2608.16,2613.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is incomprehensible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2614.69,2617.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is taken as a sign of weakness\nwhatever moral reasons we give for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2617.04,2620.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would still be interpreted in China\nas a sign of our morality weakening us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2622.14,2628.253"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the point of unreliability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2628.253,2630.802"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also means that this idea that we can\nuse the China card is extremely dangerous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2633.471,2640.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the China card means that we\nwill use China to annoy the Russians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2641.97,2646.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they do something bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2646.44,2647.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the implication is that\nwe will stop using China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2649.02,2652.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the Soviets are conciliatory to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2654.34,2659.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way of cooperating\nwith the Chinese is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2662.14,2665.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have some agreement on what\nour mutual interests are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2665.66,2669.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And convincing each other\nthat we will pursue them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2670.33,2673.827"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regardless of the fluctuations\nof other relationships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2673.827,2677.728"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly is convincing them\nthat we will not fail to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2679.63,2684.546"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the requirements of the balance of power,\nin the pursuit of other abstract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2684.546,2690.076"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notions like human rights, or\neconomic aid, or whatever else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2690.076,2695.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So then if this analysis is correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2695.74,2699.047"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not at all to be excluded\nthat if the Chinese overcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2699.047,2704.167"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the massive obstacles to their\nown modernization, cultural,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2704.167,2709.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical, technical and\nbecome really powerful like Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2709.93,2715.586"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would expect that they wanna be for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2715.586,2719.239"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sadly as a [INAUDIBLE], but a powerful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2722.199,2727.204"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China will want to be\nrecognized as powerful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2727.204,2733.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's absolutely no question about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2735.04,2737.087"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That will be our problem\n20 years from now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2737.087,2739.179"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now until then the problem is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2740.94,2745.436"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one big problem is,\nwhat do we do if the Soviets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2745.436,2752.019"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviets have an almost\nimpossible problem with China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2752.019,2760.061"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have Siberia, the major parts\nof which they took from China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2760.061,2765.997"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"populated by 30 million people\nconfronting a population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2765.997,2771.297"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 900 million on the other\nside of that border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2771.297,2775.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A population that in\nits history textbooks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2775.855,2781.015"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is still showing major parts\nof Siberia as Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2781.015,2787.002"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the immediate problem is that\nthe Soviets are very nervous if we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2789.518,2793.168"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2793.168,2793.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's only an immediate problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2795.48,2798.688"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As China industrializes it will arm\nitself, it doesn't need us to arm it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2798.688,2804.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somewhere along the line, either China\nwill fall apart as it has in its history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2804.69,2808.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or it will industrialize and\nthen it will become strong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2810.03,2812.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when it becomes strong, the Soviet\nUnion if I say we have a problem 25 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2813.97,2818.798"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from now, the Soviets will have\na problem ten years from now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2818.798,2822.559"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore to the intense displeasure\nof my Chinese friends who do not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2824.012,2829.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like my saying this, because they\nthink it establishes an extra claim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2829.06,2834.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have always believed that there\nis a better than 50-50 chance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2834.55,2839.358"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Soviets will attack China\nsome time, after it becomes clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2839.358,2846.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Chinese have reached\na level of self sustaining growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2846.29,2852.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unless the Soviets have begun\nfalling apart in the meantime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2852.81,2856.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why the Chinese leaders\nkeep saying war is inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2857.91,2860.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now how they will attack?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2864.01,2865.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they will do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2865.57,2866.871"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What [INAUDIBLE] all depends\non the circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2866.871,2871.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we will do in these circumstances,\nis an important question for us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2871.75,2877.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the collapse of\nChina as a major power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2877.19,2879.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you don't have to occupy\nall of China to reduce from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2881.07,2885.351"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the status of the major power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2885.351,2887.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's, for us, equally serious as\nto almost as the collapse Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2887.78,2893.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it would have\nmajor impact on Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2893.72,2896.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an issue which as\na nation we haven't faced yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2896.95,2900.417"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But which paradoxically,\nas China becomes more powerful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2900.417,2906.103"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unless Russia becomes extremely\nweak underneath that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2906.103,2911.994"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will be forced to face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2911.994,2914.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, unfortunately,\nI have to leave in about five minutes, so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2916.83,2920.433"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why don't stop here and\ntake a few questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2920.433,2923.053"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does anybody of Chinese origin\nwho wants to dispute what I said?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2923.053,2926.335"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Anybody who knows more about China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2926.335,2932.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may well be 80% of the class?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2932.42,2934.574"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2934.574,2939.513"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e In terms of the US army, and China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2939.513,2942.093"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're talking about 20 years\nuntil China is a major power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2942.093,2946.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isn't there an interest in the United\nStates to see that that happens sooner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2946.66,2950.881"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in terms of-\n\u003e\u003e Up to a certain point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2950.881,2954.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, Earl okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2954.32,2955.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was saying that the United States\nmight be willing to spend $10 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2955.37,2960.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, over the next 10 years, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2960.04,2962.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm wondering if that's\na reasonable assumption?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2962.85,2965.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, one has to weigh many factors\nhere, because in its present form,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2968.15,2973.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its present organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2973.7,2979.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we wanted to arm China,\nwe would have to do all the arming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2979.97,2983.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have almost no industry\nto sustain it themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2983.37,2986.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which would mean a massive\nintrusion of American weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2987.43,2992.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have my doubts that the Soviet Union\nwould hold still for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2994.04,2996.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's a very delicate problem for\nboth, do you think the Soviets would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=2998.55,3003.556"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold still for $10 billion worth\nof American weapons into China?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3003.556,3008.179"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e How about infrastructure?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3008.179,3009.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] the plants?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3009.359,3012.185"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Yeah, look, there are many things you\ncan do, except one mustn't play around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3012.185,3017.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you begin involving\nyourself militarily in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3018.39,3023.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a monumental enterprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3023.265,3026.013"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it is the most sensitive point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3026.013,3028.574"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one country the Soviets\nare really afraid of is the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3028.574,3032.653"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Haven't we already done though?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3032.653,3033.951"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Have we built the infrastructure?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3033.951,3035.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No-\n\u003e\u003e No,I mean haven't we already implied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3035.329,3038.867"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're going to involve\nourselves militarily with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3038.867,3043.383"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cross-oceanic defense exchanges and\nwhatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3043.383,3047.814"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, but the Carter Administration,\nfrankly, has played at these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3047.814,3051.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have not done it seriously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3051.53,3053.115"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e No, they haven't done it seriously, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3053.115,3058.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact, they've played a very risky game.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3058.02,3059.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not saying we shouldn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3060.99,3063.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I personally have always believed that\nwe cannot let the Soviets invade China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3063.64,3068.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without an American military response.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3068.82,3071.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I have never worked out exactly\nwhat that response should be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3071.31,3075.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how to get there,\nit's a very difficult problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3078.84,3082.234"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e What do you see is the future\nof Chinese diplomatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3086.329,3090.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strategy in Asia or\nin certain [INAUDIBLE] in Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3090.855,3095.722"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They seem to be making of offenses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3095.722,3100.781"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e I think they'll try to\ngo together with Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3100.781,3104.146"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their first problem,\nthey have a monumental domestic problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3104.146,3108.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is to solve once and for\nall what they haven't solved for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3109.07,3113.57"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"150 years mainly the problem\nof modernization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3113.57,3115.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in a funny way, the communist\nparty has become the vehicle of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3117.13,3122.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old China and that has to be broken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3122.63,3127.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, as a major force if\nthey're going to modernize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3129.78,3134.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they'll have the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3135.79,3137.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once they've done this,\nof how can you govern China?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3137.35,3140.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They use to do it with civil service and\nimperial preeminence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3142.1,3145.025"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do you do it without\nthe communist party?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3145.025,3147.131"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't know the answer to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3150.752,3152.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They must have worked out\nsomething in their minds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3152.41,3158.703"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they have to modernize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3158.703,3162.286"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how will they try to do it yet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3165.008,3167.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will try to break\nthe diplomatic encirclement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3167.75,3170.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will try, systematically,\nto weaken the Soviets all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3170.83,3175.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will try to occupy the Soviets\nin Afghanistan and Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3175.19,3180.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The more they can bleed the Soviets,\nthe better they like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3180.58,3183.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they will try to keep them so\nbusy that they can't concentrate on China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3185.14,3190.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they'll try to break\nout of this encirclement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3191.81,3200.097"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're very persistent and\nvery skillful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3200.097,3203.523"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Do you see the rapprochement in there\nthat Vietnam as a way of doing this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3205.568,3211.841"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e No, but I would not exclude a\nrapprochement with the Soviet Union if we,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3211.841,3216.912"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they'll give us another two,\nthree years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3216.912,3220.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we behave incompetently\nin the next administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3221.99,3225.349"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether they can get\na rapprochement with the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3226.54,3231.105"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they will not be the last\nones to die on the barricades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3231.105,3234.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may be the last ones\nto die on the barricades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3235.77,3238.613"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they won't be the first ones\nto die on the barricades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3238.613,3241.743"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now how they will work that out,\nI don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3241.743,3243.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they've given themselves the option\nof negotiating with the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3243.39,3246.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a forum just as they had\na forum with us in Warsaw the whole time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3246.81,3250.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of frozen relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3251.93,3253.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a forum for\nthe Soviets they haven't activated it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3254.41,3257.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they would prefer not to do it, but\nthey're not going to stay tied to a loser.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3258.61,3265.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam, I don't think that's possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3268.041,3270.555"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"India is possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3274.648,3275.961"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Dr Kissinger, do you see any position\nfor yourself in the new administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3279.167,3284.728"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and helping them to do-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3284.728,3286.446"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3286.446,3288.928"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Or that, probably not if you want my,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3288.928,3293.095"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I've said repeatedly, publicly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3293.095,3297.395"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll go on missions not on full time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3297.395,3301.579"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Did China teach Vietnam\na lesson [INAUDIBLE]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3301.579,3307.983"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, I think the Chinese learned\nthat their army was very antiquated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3307.983,3314.764"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think they've taught\nthe Vietnamese a lesson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3318.19,3321.645"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense they inflicted very\nhigh casualties of the Vietnamese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3321.645,3327.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they devastated the whole area\nfrom the border 25 miles inland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3327.3,3334.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they've at least taught them\nthat they cannot dilute their border","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3338.231,3342.861"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Vietnam and with China, and\nengage in imperial adventures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3342.861,3347.259"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what their plan was, whether\nthey achieved everything they wanted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3349.05,3353.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They certainly suffered much heavier\ncasualties than they expected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3353.34,3357.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take one more question\nthen I have to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3360.389,3361.961"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e The Americans historically pride\nthemselves on a special relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3361.961,3366.334"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3366.334,3367.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there any real recognition\nof that in any way shape or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3367.129,3370.131"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"form from the Chinese side?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3370.131,3371.708"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Look, I don't want to speak for the\nChinese because actually I've been there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3371.708,3375.306"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten times only dealing\nwith government officials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3375.306,3378.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only give you my perception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3378.44,3381.802"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My perception is that the special\nrelationship with China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3381.802,3388.347"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese sort of invited\nthe open door policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3388.347,3393.751"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because that was a good way of\npitting everybody against each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3393.751,3400.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, as long as everybody had\na right of going to China and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3400.38,3403.601"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody could [INAUDIBLE] to in China and\nto in India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3403.601,3406.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think that the Chinese\nwere madly enthusiastic about having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3407.86,3412.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American concessions in Shanghai.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3412.29,3414.552"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, they figured as long as\nsomebody had to be in Shanghai.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3414.552,3419.111"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was better that all foreigners were\nthere than that one was preeminent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3419.111,3424.635"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that as long as they could have\nsomebody else interested in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3424.635,3429.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would give them protection if any\none country tried to grab all of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3429.56,3434.093"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which indeed happened when\nthe Japanese opened the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3434.093,3439.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not grateful for the open door\npolicy.Open door meant everybody had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3439.92,3444.309"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an equal right to go into China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3444.309,3446.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese used the open door policy for\ntheir own purposes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3449.025,3454.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now on the whole, my guess is that\nthe Chinese like the Russians least.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3454.14,3460.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they've grabbed\nmost Chinese territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3461.41,3463.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because in their manners,\nthey are the most uncouth and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3463.75,3468.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domineering of the barbarians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3468.09,3472.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they're sort\nof like the Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3472.49,3477.382"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I, frankly,\nof all the people I've dealt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3477.382,3482.296"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with I find the Chinese\nthe most interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3482.296,3487.217"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're the most loyal\nfriends on a personal level and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3487.217,3491.777"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most trustworthy in\nthe conduct of diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3491.777,3495.787"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would not say that they like Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3495.787,3500.056"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e Less offensive than some-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3500.056,3506.127"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3506.127,3508.039"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Than some others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3508.039,3510.656"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you ought to ask some of your Chinese\nacquaintances whether that assessment is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3510.656,3515.191"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3515.191,3515.789"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese have a great\nsense of humor and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3519.44,3522.301"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore there are many\nsurface similarities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3522.301,3525.75"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Chinese tend to think that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3526.91,3530.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a serious man never says\nanything without a purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3530.32,3532.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While an American kidding around\nprecisely has no purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3534.74,3538.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you kid around at an official\nlevel with the Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3538.07,3543.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though the joking sounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3543.38,3545.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese is trying to figure out what\nyou're really trying to [CROSSTALK].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3545.68,3550.213"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e And you can be sure he's trying to tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3550.213,3553.941"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you something, even though you may be\na little too slow to figure it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3553.941,3558.768"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You say, but I don't think there is any-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605#t=3558.768,3561.153"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/18003/file/73605/transcript/8548/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/548/original/transcript_index_158402753120200312-3371-ivcbpx?1584013132","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/548/original/transcript_index_158402753120200312-3371-ivcbpx?1584013132"}]}]}]}