{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/b56d21rv2b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 October 1"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["mssa.ms.1981 (EAD ID)","MS 1981  (Call Number)","ms_1981_s07_b0989_0001.mp3 (Digital Object ID)","ms_1981_s07_b0989_0002.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audiocassettes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1980 October 1 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;14cdc2b1-3922-4312-b805-6ace1af4fec3 (Other Finding Aid Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/2076775"]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Class lecture, Georgetown University, 1980 October 1. Henry A. Kissinger Papers, Part II (MS 1981). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/5211."]}}],"summary":{"en":["https://preservica.library.yale.edu/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u002614cdc2b1-3922-4312-b805-6ace1af4fec3"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["The materials are open for research.","Researchers must register and agree to the Yale University Library User Agreement for Special Collections before accessing audiovisual material in this collection."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Manuscripts and Archives Yale University Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/013/original/yale-blue.png?1678220072","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - open-uri20200311-3371-2pd7tx.mpga"]},"duration":1908.03591,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/588/original/open-uri20200311-3371-2pd7tx.mpga?1583942049","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1908.03591,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0989_0001_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e Just translates it into Arabic [COUGH] I'm going to do some one more theoretical discussion today. And then next time, which is next week, I'm gonna begin with the series of case histories and get very quickly to the modern period that will take a few case histories from 19th and early 20th century, just so that you don't get the idea that everything that is happening now is totally unprecedented and has never occurred before.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=11.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nToday, I want to Have some discussion On The problem of power and international relation. It is impossible to study the history of international relations without coming to the conclusion that most of the significant events in history have resulted from the exercise of some degree of force, or that's not of force.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=72.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPhilosophers can regret this, but there is no possible way of avoiding That conclusion even if one asserts that philosophers produce the infidels that can it be translated by some exercise of power because the status quo, those elements that represent the status quo will generally not give up their position without pressure.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=115.0,156.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo, it is impossible to study international relations without some reflections about the nature of power and its role. This is not to say that all issues must necessarily be settled by force. Even more, it is also clear that at some point, if there is to be stability and peace, what has been achieved by force must be translated into legitimacy which means that it must be accepted by majority of the states.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=156.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat comprise the international system and it is, in fact, this interplay between what is considered just and the attack on it that constitutes the essence of international relations. But, power cannot be measured in absolute quantitative terms obviously alone, obviously there is an element of it that is objective.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=199.0,238.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat is to say, there is a correlation of forces that represents a reality. But there's also an element of resources and there's an element of wealth. And there's an element of philanthropy to which these resources and power have been put in any assessment of contemporary power. There would be no question that the United States is far stronger than the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=238.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the 17th and 18th century, Prussia was the weakest of the European major states. However, a country that is willing to devote a greater percentage of its national resources to a national effort than its opponent can substitute within limits, the willpower for objective strength. I think antiquity. If you look at conflict between Carthage and Rome, Carthage undoubtedly was richer but it fought with mercenary armies.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=284.0,335.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIndeed, I think I said last time, this is why Hannibal went across the Alps Because he had to recruit an army some in Spain. And in our contemporary period, the Soviet Union has consistently been able, been willing to devote a greater percentage of its national effort to national defense than the United States has.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=335.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in the late 19th, early 20th century, Germany was willing to devote a greater percentage of its national effort to military resources than most of its neighbors. I remembered my own experience, I took like everybody else in 1965 when the Vietnam War started. I thought we would win easily.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=360.0,383.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI didn't know anything about Vietnam at that time. I assumed, as everyone else did, that our government knew what it was doing and didn't ask too many questions about it. Until I read an interview by the North Vietnamese Prime Minister Phạm Van **** in early 1966 in the New York times.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=383.0,407.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd he said, all this talk about the various relationships of forces was wrong. Because on the fundamental relationship, the fundamental relationship was that he was certain, there were no more Vietnamese prepared to die in Vietnam than were Americans and therefore, he was certain that they would win. And that was the essence of our problem.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=407.0,440.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe essence of our problem was that there was an enormous disproportion of strength. There's no question we could've won the war had we've been willing to make the effort but there's also no question that in terms of the objectives in dispute, the resources mobalizable by each side were disproportionate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=440.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, of course, there are limits beyond which you cannot push this argument. And, we probably could have won the Vietnam War except for our inhibition On a purely technical level. But as it turned out, the Vietnamese analysis was not incorrect. Again, when you look at historical uses of power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=462.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the past, the economic and political and military power of a country where I come from. Today this is no longer the case, it's possible for a country to be economically very strong and yet militarily very weak, like Saudi Arabia. It's possible for a country to be militarily very strong and economically not very effective, like the Soviet Union.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=508.0,542.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt is possible for a country to have a major political influence without being a major economic or political force or military force if it can command. A certain following, as you Yugoslavia did for a while and as India did for a while, although that was a very precarious position.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=542.0,571.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the contemporary period there are. In the contemporary period. There are a number of novelties with respect to power. First in the past, there was usually some relationship between offensive and defensive powers. It is very difficult to think of a country that had a great capacity for attack and no capacity for defence.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=571.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo power was reasonably homogeneous. In the contemporary period, offensive and defensive power. Need bear absolutely no relationship to each other. The United States is capable of destroying the Soviet Union or any other country in a degree that was never possible before. Yet, it is not able despite unprecedented offensive power, it is not able to protect its own territory and every other major country is in the same position with respect to nuclear weapons.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=619.0,678.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAgain, in the past technology changed relatively slowly. So that weapons will good for about for several decades. Today technology changes so rapidly that even a major effort in one decade can produce a massive weakness in the next if it is not continued over and over again. Third problem is that never before this generation was it possible to assemble military power that had a global impact.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=678.0,741.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAll exercises of power were geographically limited. In the 18th century as I said last time it would have been impossible to compare the power of a European state with the power of China. Because for all practical purposes they had no means of interacting with each other. Enforced enormous change is.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=741.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat there is now an incrementability of power to many of the objectives that are in dispute. Again, until the end of World War II, if you had told any state that he might possess too much strength for a political problem that he was facing, he would have considered that insane.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=782.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat was quite literally an inconceivable idea until the end of World War II. First, because conventional weapons were relatively not very destructive, certainly not by present standards, so you had to accumulate a great many of them. Secondly because you could use them in discrete packages and third, it was because to make them effective what require usually is only for long period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=816.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo for look this reason there were many things that could have occurred to people but not that they might posses too much power. For most statements the problem was how to get more, not how to limit it. So all of this has created a novel situation and also a novel intellectual problem.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=851.0,886.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn the past, there was always some experience with weapons. And in the past it was always assumed that you would, at some point, have recourse for the weapons you had built. Now, we are relying on our defense, for weapons which everybody agrees must never be used. The word deterrence was unknown as a concept until 1945.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=886.0,926.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow there is this interesting psychological problem about deterrence. It is tested negatively by things which do not happen. In other words, if there is no war, presumably deterrence is working. But it is also clear That you can never prove a negative, you can never prove why something is not happening.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=926.0,964.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIs it not happening because you have the best possible strategy, a still marginally tolerable strategy? Or is it not happening because there was never any danger of aggression to begin with, so that the whole thing was a waste of money. And you will find all of these points of view represented, I'm sure in your faculty, and certainly in the public debate.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=964.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere is a school of thought that argues that the whole thing is a picture, right? That there is no danger of war, that all of the money is being wasted. And, after all, there hasn't been an aggression against us in 30 years by the Soviet Union. I'm just giving you that school of thought.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=996.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere's another school of thought that says we're just barely getting away with it. But it won't go on much longer, to which I would tend to belong, and there's a third school of thought that says, we're doing it just right. And until the balloon goes up, you'll never be able to prove which of these schools of thought was correct.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1019.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in fact, paradoxically, the longer the period of peace goes on, the more complicated the debates will become. And then, there's the problem of how do you conceive deterrents? I'm gonna have a discussion later on when we get into the modern period in greater detail about various theories of strategy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1048.0,1073.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nToday, I just want to get into the general philosophical problem. We face the paradox, in our current debate about strategy, that the liberal humanists are advocating the most blood thirsty strategy. Why, because they want few weapons. And therefore, they say if you can kill, as long as you can kill 150 million Russians, why do you care?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1073.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhat are you worried about? And as long as you can kill 150 million Russians, there's no danger. Others, which again I would consider myself to belong, would argue who would want to be the man to walk into the oval office to say to the President, they've just done something that we don't like.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1104.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, you have to start killing 150 million people. It's a terrible responsibility to take. Probably, beyond anybody's historical and moral right to take. And if it's ever taken, we won't be the same society. We can't even imagine what a society we will be. Europe lost 20 million people in World War I, over four years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1131.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere's no scenario for nuclear war in which 20 million casualties in four days would not be considered the most benevolent outcome imaginable. And Europe has not recovered to this day from World War I, in terms of the confidence of its population, the structure of its societies. So, and yet you cannot prove, you cannot prove it is wrong.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1164.0,1199.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIndeed, you come to another paradox. If you want to rely on extremely destructive strategies, there has to be a diplomacy associated with any strategy that's inherent. Switzerland has managed to defend itself, because they have managed to convey the idea that they're just unimaginative enough and blockheaded enough and bullheaded enough, that they'll fight a superpower with 7 million people in their mountains.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1199.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that there's no absolutely no sense arguing with them about it. They are just beyond argument on that issue. And people believed that. And Switzerland hasn't been attacked. And it also happens to be a correct perception. They probably are blockheaded enough to do it. And they've organized themselves to convey that idea.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1236.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd therefore, there's never any discussion about space defense. That issue was never discussed. Nobody questions it. Now, if you wanna make a nuclear strategy credible, however, you have to prove that you have a high capacity for irrationality. The only way you can make it credible, is to conduct yourself in a crisis in such a way that you convey to your opponent that it may be all very true, casualties will be insufferable, but that's just the sort of leader you are.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1269.0,1314.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt's fundamentally incompatible with our political system. You take the hostage crisis. Every time we moved an aircraft carrier, we announced we weren't gonna use it. Now that went a little far. But in our political system, When we go on alert, we have to brief Congress. We have to tell somebody what we are doing and why?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1314.0,1348.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd usually the only way you can calm the Congress is by telling them what you will not do, which is exactly going to undermine the effectiveness of your threat. Now, I'm not saying here that we should have an irrational diplomacy I'm trying to say that there's a relationship between the power a state possesses and the diplomacy it can conduct.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1348.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd it cannot build a military power that its diplomacy cannot support. And it's much better that it should begin asking itself what sort of diplomacy it is likely to conduct in a crisis. And then, build forces to support that diplomacy, rather than to go down one track in its military policy, and another track in its diplomatic policy and find itself caught in a difficult, if not insolvable dilemma.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1378.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, I have talked here about the conduct of nuclear superpowers, but of course, we now live in a world in which Most countries are still not nuclear. And many of them, And, of course, even fewer are superpowers. And yet, That has created another paradox compared to traditional international relations.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1417.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe gap between the power of superpowers today, and that of most other states, is greater than the margin of superiority that world conquerors used to possess over their opponents. The margin of superiority of the United States over every possible opponent, except the Soviet Union, is of a magnitude that no statesman before 1945 could even have imagined.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1470.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd yet it has not been possible to translate it into a political advantage, partly because the casualties involved are so overwhelming, partly because of domestic inhibitions, partly because of international, or perceived international, inhibitions. Indeed, the concepts of legitimacy that now exist in the world, fostered by many of those who have an interest in this, make it extremely difficult, especially for democratic nations, to rely on strength at all.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1510.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIn, The 19th century, When related German Chancellor of Bismarck was ambassador to the Germany Confederation in which there were 43 different states with, however, only two big states, and where within Germany much of the same situation existed that now exists globally, he said we live in a wondrous time in which the strong are weak because of their inhibitions and the weak are strong because of their insolence.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1575.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd this is something that is hardly applicable to our present, Situation. And which, in the German case, there were special circumstances why it arose. It's unusual in the conduct of international, Of international affairs. And it illustrates the way weaker nations can deal with the problem of superior strength.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1622.0,1673.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThey have, in general, three general possible approaches. They can become part of an alliance system, Which is protected by a great power. In the post-war period, NATO would be an example of this. They can adopt a policy of neutrality, Which can take two forms. It can be a neutrality like Switzerland in which they will protect themselves by their own efforts, Or make it so costly to attack them that it isn't worth the gain to be achieved there.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1673.0,1738.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr they can remain deliberately weak, But develop an interest by the international system in the maintenance of their neutrality so that, if they're attacked, other nations will come to their assistance, which was more or less the case of Belgium before World War I and II. Or they can do the post World War II phenomenon, which is to make a cult out of weakness and create a block of the non-aligned or the neutrals, and to appeal to the preconceptions of the superpowers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1738.0,1788.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd, of course, a third policy is the policy of placating a great power, which is what is, for example, Finland is doing. Now, Each of these policies, Have their complexities. In an alliance, you must have some commensurability of objectives. There must be some agreement on what you are trying to achieve.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1788.0,1849.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8517/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecond, there must be a conviction, That the nations participating in the alliance can help each other in some specified manner. And, third, there must be some agreement on how they're gonna do all of this. Now, again, in the contemporary period, we have novelties when there is an alliance between a nuclear power and the group of non-nuclear powers, as we have in NATO.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1849.0,1908.03591"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0989_0001_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just translates it into Arabic [COUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=11.552,20.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to do some one more\ntheoretical discussion today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=25.585,33.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then next time, which is next week,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=35.51,39.529"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna begin with the series\nof case histories and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=39.529,44.846"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get very quickly to the modern\nperiod that will take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=44.846,49.927"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few case histories from 19th and\nearly 20th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=49.927,55.836"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just so that you don't get\nthe idea that everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=55.836,60.916"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is happening now is\ntotally unprecedented and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=60.916,65.997"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has never occurred before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=65.997,68.859"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, I want to Have some discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=72.867,79.269"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On The problem of power and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=80.9,88.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international relation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=88.77,92.842"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is impossible to study the history\nof international relations without","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=97.105,102.747"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to the conclusion that most\nof the significant events in history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=102.747,108.207"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have resulted from the exercise of some\ndegree of force, or that's not of force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=108.207,115.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philosophers can regret this, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=115.35,120.321"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no possible way of avoiding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=120.321,125.298"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That conclusion even if one\nasserts that philosophers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=126.886,133.146"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produce the infidels\nthat can it be translated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=133.146,138.453"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by some exercise of power\nbecause the status quo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=138.453,144.168"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those elements that\nrepresent the status quo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=144.168,149.339"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will generally not give up their\nposition without pressure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=149.339,156.437"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it is impossible\nto study international","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=156.437,161.768"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relations without some reflections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=161.768,166.118"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the nature of power and its role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=166.118,170.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not to say that all issues\nmust necessarily be settled by force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=172.36,178.929"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even more, it is also clear that at some\npoint, if there is to be stability and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=180.44,187.599"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peace, what has been achieved by force\nmust be translated into legitimacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=187.599,193.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that it must be\naccepted by majority of the states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=193.62,199.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That comprise the international system and\nit is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=199.32,204.524"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact, this interplay between\nwhat is considered just and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=204.524,210.695"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the attack on it that constitutes\nthe essence of international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=210.695,218.451"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, power cannot be measured in absolute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=221.134,226.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quantitative terms obviously alone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=226.0,230.462"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously there is an element\nof it that is objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=230.462,236.692"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to say, there is a correlation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=238.706,243.609"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of forces that represents a reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=243.609,248.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's also an element of resources\nand there's an element of wealth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=248.53,256.971"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's an element of philanthropy\nto which these resources and power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=256.971,264.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been put in any assessment\nof contemporary power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=265.26,270.509"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There would be no question\nthat the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=271.82,277.095"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is far stronger than the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=277.095,281.349"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 17th and 18th 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antiquity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=320.842,323.561"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at conflict\nbetween Carthage and Rome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=323.561,327.714"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carthage undoubtedly was richer but\nit fought with mercenary 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Spain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=339.852,344.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in our contemporary period, the\nSoviet Union has consistently been able,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=347.76,352.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been willing to devote a greater\npercentage of its national 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neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=367.92,370.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remembered my own experience,\nI took like everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=370.77,376.001"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else in 1965 when the Vietnam War started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=376.001,380.561"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought we would win easily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=381.883,383.446"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know anything\nabout Vietnam at that 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=391.274,393.463"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until I read an interview by the North\nVietnamese Prime Minister Phạm Van","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=394.74,401.315"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"**** in early 1966 in the New York times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=401.315,405.424"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, all this talk about the\nvarious relationships of forces was wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=407.555,413.759"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because on the fundamental 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disproportionate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=454.76,459.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, of course, there are limits beyond\nwhich you cannot push this argument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=462.267,468.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, we probably could have\nwon the Vietnam War except 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out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=480.541,483.422"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Vietnamese analysis was not incorrect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=483.422,489.516"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, when you look at\nhistorical uses of 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=524.232,527.877"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet militarily very weak,\nlike Saudi Arabia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=527.877,531.832"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's possible for\na country to be militarily very strong 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without","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=542.62,548.024"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being a major economic or political force\nor military force if it can command.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=548.024,554.8"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A certain following,\nas you Yugoslavia did for a while and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=554.8,560.301"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as India did for a while, although\nthat was a very precarious position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=560.301,567.161"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the contemporary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=571.074,576.519"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period there are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=576.519,581.646"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the contemporary 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usually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=598.957,603.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some relationship between offensive and\ndefensive powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=603.74,608.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is very difficult to think of\na country that had a great capacity 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weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=669.469,674.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, in the past technology\nchanged relatively slowly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=678.2,685.521"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that weapons will good for\nabout for several 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destructive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=822.59,828.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly not by present standards, so you\nhad to accumulate a great many of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=830.02,834.639"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly because you could use\nthem in discrete packages 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period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=846.33,851.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for look this reason there were many\nthings that could have occurred to people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=851.61,855.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not that they might\nposses too much 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some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=886.323,891.311"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience with weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=891.311,895.269"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the past it was always assumed\nthat you would, at some point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=895.269,898.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have recourse for\nthe weapons you had built.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=898.29,900.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, we are relying on our defense, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=901.38,905.338"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weapons which everybody\nagrees must never be used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=905.338,910.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The word deterrence was\nunknown as a concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=914.23,918.778"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=918.778,926.039"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there is this interesting\npsychological problem about deterrence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=926.039,934.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is tested negatively by\nthings which do not happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=935.21,940.351"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, if there is no war,\npresumably deterrence is working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=940.351,946.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is also clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=949.26,954.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That you can never prove a negative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=955.75,958.9"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can never prove why\nsomething is not happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=958.9,962.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it not happening because you\nhave the best possible strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=964.28,967.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a still marginally tolerable strategy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=969.54,972.1"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or is it not happening\nbecause there was never","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=974.35,979.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any danger of aggression to begin with, so\nthat the whole thing was a waste of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=979.65,984.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you will find all of these\npoints of view represented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=986.47,990.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure in your faculty, and\ncertainly in the public debate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=990.68,994.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a school of thought that argues\nthat the whole thing is a picture, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=996.44,1001.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there is no danger of war,\nthat all of the money is being wasted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1001.97,1006.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, after all,\nthere hasn't been an aggression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1007.87,1010.82"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against us in 30 years\nby the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1011.97,1015.96"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just giving you\nthat school of thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1017.49,1019.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another school of thought that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1019.2,1020.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says we're just barely\ngetting away with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1020.42,1023.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it won't go on much longer,\nto which I would tend to belong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1023.38,1029.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a third school of thought\nthat says, we're doing it just right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1030.75,1033.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And until the balloon goes up,\nyou'll never be able to prove","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1036.03,1042.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which of these schools\nof thought was correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1044.92,1048.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, paradoxically,\nthe longer the period of peace goes on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1048.09,1051.542"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more complicated\nthe debates will become.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1051.542,1053.894"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, there's the problem of\nhow do you conceive deterrents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1057.525,1063.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna have a discussion later\non when we get into the modern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1063.18,1066.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period in greater detail about\nvarious theories of strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1066.7,1071.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, I just want to get into\nthe general philosophical problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1073.6,1076.516"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We face the paradox,\nin our current debate about strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1081.28,1085.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the liberal humanists are advocating\nthe most blood thirsty strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1085.93,1092.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why, because they want few weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1092.49,1093.724"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, they say if you can kill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1096.385,1099.201"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as you can kill 150\nmillion Russians, why do you care?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1099.201,1103.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are you worried about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1104.71,1106.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as long as you can kill 150\nmillion Russians, there's no danger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1106.32,1109.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others, which again I would consider\nmyself to belong, would argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1111.49,1118.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who would want to be the man to walk into\nthe oval office to say to the President,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1121.82,1127.278"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've just done something\nthat we don't like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1127.278,1131.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you have to start\nkilling 150 million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1131.17,1135.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a terrible responsibility to take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1138.52,1140.64"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably, beyond anybody's historical and\nmoral right to take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1141.97,1146.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if it's ever taken,\nwe won't be the same society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1148.781,1152.31"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't even imagine what\na society we will be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1154.0,1157.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe lost 20 million people\nin World War I, over four years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1157.43,1161.755"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no scenario for nuclear war\nin which 20 million casualties in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1164.155,1168.245"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four days would not be considered\nthe most benevolent outcome imaginable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1168.245,1172.855"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Europe has not recovered\nto this day from World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1174.62,1180.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the confidence\nof its population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1180.45,1185.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the structure of its societies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1185.19,1188.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, and yet you cannot prove,\nyou cannot prove it is wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1192.941,1197.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, you come to another paradox.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1199.15,1200.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you want to rely on extremely\ndestructive strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1202.3,1206.5"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has to be a diplomacy associated\nwith any strategy that's inherent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1206.5,1212.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Switzerland has managed to defend itself,\nbecause they have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1217.27,1222.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to convey the idea that\nthey're just unimaginative enough and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1222.32,1227.455"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blockheaded enough and bullheaded enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1227.455,1230.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they'll fight a superpower with\n7 million people in their mountains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1230.98,1236.63"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that there's no absolutely no\nsense arguing with them about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1236.63,1240.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are just beyond\nargument on that issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1240.18,1244.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people believed that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1244.16,1246.02"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Switzerland hasn't been attacked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1246.02,1247.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it also happens to\nbe a correct perception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1249.11,1251.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They probably are blockheaded\nenough to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1253.33,1256.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they've organized\nthemselves to convey that idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1258.29,1263.439"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, there's never any\ndiscussion about space defense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1269.682,1273.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That issue was never discussed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1273.2,1274.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody questions it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1274.61,1277.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if you wanna make\na nuclear strategy credible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1277.23,1280.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"however, you have to prove that you\nhave a high capacity for irrationality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1280.05,1285.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way you can make it credible,\nis to conduct yourself in a crisis in 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true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1299.74,1306.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"casualties will be insufferable, but\nthat's just the sort of leader you are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1307.85,1312.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's fundamentally incompatible\nwith our political system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1314.51,1316.972"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You take the hostage crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1320.965,1322.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every time we moved an aircraft carrier,\nwe announced we weren't gonna use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1322.86,1326.337"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that went a little far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1330.598,1332.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in our political 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why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1344.64,1348.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And usually the only way\nyou can calm the Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1348.373,1353.499"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is by telling them what you will not do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1353.499,1357.624"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is exactly going to undermine\nthe effectiveness of your threat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1357.624,1365.171"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I'm not saying here that we should\nhave an irrational diplomacy I'm trying to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1365.171,1370.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say that there's a relationship between\nthe power a state possesses and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1370.06,1375.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the diplomacy it can conduct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1375.86,1377.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it cannot build a military power\nthat its diplomacy cannot support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1378.95,1384.47"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's much better that it\nshould begin asking 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diplomacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1394.16,1398.912"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than to go down one\ntrack in its military policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1398.912,1403.988"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and another track in its\ndiplomatic policy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1403.988,1408.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find itself caught in a difficult,\nif not insolvable dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1408.2,1414.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I have talked here about the 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And,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1441.459,1446.254"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, even fewer are superpowers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1446.254,1451.061"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, That has 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today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1470.08,1475.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that of most other states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1475.54,1479.002"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is greater than the margin\nof superiority that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1479.002,1484.197"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world conquerors used to\npossess over their opponents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1484.197,1490.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The margin of superiority of the United\nStates over every possible opponent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1492.88,1498.567"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1498.567,1500.462"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is of a magnitude that no statesman\nbefore 1945 could even have imagined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1500.462,1506.164"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet it has not been possible to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1510.719,1515.106"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"translate it into a political advantage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1515.106,1520.748"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partly because the casualties\ninvolved are so overwhelming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1520.748,1529.056"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partly because of domestic 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inhibitions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1539.715,1545.541"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, the concepts of legitimacy\nthat now exist in the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1545.541,1552.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fostered by many of those who\nhave an interest in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1552.94,1559.129"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make it extremely difficult,\nespecially for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1559.129,1564.376"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democratic nations,\nto rely on strength at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1564.376,1570.045"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In, The 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1575.775,1580.419"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When related German Chancellor\nof Bismarck was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1584.18,1588.787"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ambassador to\nthe Germany Confederation in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1588.787,1593.624"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were 43 different states with,\nhowever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1593.624,1598.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only two big states, and\nwhere within Germany much of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1598.577,1603.758"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same situation existed\nthat now exists globally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1603.758,1609.056"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said we live in a wondrous\ntime in which the strong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1609.056,1614.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are weak because of their inhibitions and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1614.008,1618.038"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the weak are strong because\nof their insolence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1618.038,1622.795"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is something 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Situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1633.211,1639.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And which, in the German case, there\nwere special circumstances why it arose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1643.144,1650.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's unusual in the conduct 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approaches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1673.533,1677.23"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can become part\nof an alliance system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1680.985,1686.574"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is protected by a great 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attacked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1750.582,1756.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other nations will come to their\nassistance, which was more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1756.14,1761.133"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less the case of Belgium\nbefore World War I and II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1761.133,1765.111"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or they can do the post\nWorld War II phenomenon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1765.111,1769.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is to make a cult\nout of weakness and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1769.94,1774.044"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"create a block of the non-aligned or\nthe neutrals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1774.044,1779.358"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to appeal to the preconceptions\nof the superpowers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1779.358,1785.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, of course, a third policy is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1788.05,1793.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the policy of placating a great power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1793.19,1799.042"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is what is, for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1799.042,1802.232"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example, Finland is doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1802.232,1806.684"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, Each","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1810.394,1816.949"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these policies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1816.949,1820.693"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have their complexities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1824.962,1827.706"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In an alliance, you must have some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1829.4,1833.756"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commensurability of objectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1833.756,1839.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There must be some agreement on\nwhat you are trying to achieve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1839.09,1843.714"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, there must be a conviction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1849.417,1854.257"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the nations\nparticipating in the alliance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1856.717,1861.412"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can help each other in\nsome specified manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1861.412,1865.999"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, third, there must be some agreement\non how they're gonna do all of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1868.599,1876.414"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, again, in the contemporary period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1879.573,1884.061"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have novelties when there is\nan alliance between a nuclear power and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1884.061,1891.219"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the group of non-nuclear powers,\nas we have in NATO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588#t=1891.219,1896.816"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73588/transcript/8518/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/518/original/transcript_index_158395645120200311-3371-14vh064?1583942051","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/518/original/transcript_index_158395645120200311-3371-14vh064?1583942051"}]}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - open-uri20200311-3371-1o108yh.mpga"]},"duration":1906.49469,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-yalemssa.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/589/original/open-uri20200311-3371-1o108yh.mpga?1583942063","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1906.49469,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0989_0002_transcript.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\u003e\u003e I don't know why.\n\u003e\u003e Yeah.\n\u003e\u003e There's an enormous temptation by the non-nuclear power to transform the alliance into a unilateral guarantee. And to do just enough to earn, Their right to claim protection. But then not enough to make it real.\n\u003e\u003e Thank you.\n\u003e\u003e Most of the debates in NATO over the past ten years have had the paradoxical content.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=3.0,45.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat whenever the United States has asked for a strengthening of NATO forces, it was interpreted by our allies as a weakening of the alliance. The argument being that, to the extent of alternative to the nuclear devastation, we will slide out of our nuclear commitment. And that therefore the more forces they built, the less protection, they'll get.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=45.0,77.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat is at the heart of all of the NATO disputes in their elegant phrases. Last year I gave a speech in NATO at Brussels at a NATO conference, which I said, we must strengthen all of our defenses. No American president is likely going to go and kill 150 million people for many of the issues that I can forsee.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=77.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n30 years ago that would have been so elementary that you would not have dared to say that at the international conference. On this occasion, all hell broke loose. I had undermined the confidence in the United States of NATO by asking for an increase in the joint defense. The third problem is, In such situations, the refusal to face the geopolitical element.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=106.0,143.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut as long as you can provide the nuclear weapon, you can always believe that no change happening anywhere else in the world can make a final difference. Because you can always equalize things again by bringing about total distraction on both sides. And so you have the paradox which we see illustrated today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=143.0,172.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe war between Iran and Iraq, and the suddenly plain vulnerability of the Persian Gulf, Do not produce a European commitment to the defense of the Persian Gulf. Even though their economic security is intimately more dependent on the analysis. And this is due to two fundamental changes in the perceptions of power.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=172.0,212.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIf, The outcome of the war seems more destructive of one's purposes, then adaptation to whatever it is one is facing, then adaption is the likely policy. That is the essence of what is called, Finlandization of Europe, both towards the East and towards the Persian Gulf. I'm not saying it yet exists but it explains why it can even be talked about.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=212.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe second factor has to do with the nature of modern government, precisely because the change in issues are so stark, as I have explained them. There is an enormous temptation on the part of political leaders to get through their term of office. And to let the dirty job be done by some successor.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=259.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd who knows, something can always happen so that the decision doesn't have to be made. And so there's not only an incommensurability between power and the objectives likely to be used. There's also the incommensurability between the dangers societies face and the quality of the leadership that they produce in the modern [INAUDIBLE].\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=284.0,313.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat is the structure [INAUDIBLE]. Second problem, Neutrality. I've mentioned that the various of neutrality that can exist. But finally, historically, Whether a nation is technically neutral. Well, technically a member of an alliance, Its security will depend on its ability, either to protect itself or to be protected by somebody else.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=313.0,370.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWhether that is expressed in an formal application or in a tacit understanding. Or in the structure of the international system, is a subsidiary of. But this is a very difficult concept to get across to Americans. In the United States we tend to think that there is some abstract principle by which, Which regulates the issue of peace and war.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=370.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI'm looking for some quote where a former president in the past, in the 1920s where it was in the Supreme Court said that if we can only get nations to go to the International Court of Justice. And if the truth becomes known, nobody will dare to stand against the International Court of Justice.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut the fact of the matter is we have seen in the hostage crisis, our announcing that we were going to the International Court of Justice, guaranteed that there would be no solution of the hostage crisis during the period that the Court of Justice was with the problem. Because during that period the people who had the hostages knew they were facing no risks whatsoever.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=450.0,477.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the universal condemnation by the Court of Justice. Of the action has not had the slightest impact on the Iranians. There is no obstruct international opinion that can be mobilized on concrete issues. I was a minor consultant on European matters in the early days of the Kennedy administration.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=477.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe had a Berlin crisis at that time. And everybody was looking around for a formula on Berlin. That India, which at that time was considered a great moral arbiter of world affairs, would support. I told them. That the human mind could not invent a formula. Which India would support on the issue of Berlin.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=508.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI was treated with great disdain by my colleagues. So I was convinced. Cynically. That India was conducting a cold blooded balance of power policy. And that if you're weak, your best protection is to exalt your weakness and to increase the inefficiency of other countries. But under no circumstances would India run the slightest risk for a European city thousands of miles away in which it could not have this.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=545.0,584.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSlightest national interest, why should India risk Soviet good will over Berlin. It would have done so only if it had feared a president for matters that concerned India, and I said it's incidentally not as a criticism of India. I think India conducted a perfectly rational apology. We were the ones that conducted a sentimental, childish apology.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=584.0,613.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd we see today, Aa in the case of Iran, it is all very well to talk about neutrality. It's all very well to talk about anti-Americanism and anti-Sovietism, or whatever else you want to talk about. But the fundamental fact is that once the balance of power in the Persian Gulf had been destroyed, the superior country insisted on from getting a political payment for it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=613.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd no amount of neutralism, pledge to moral superiority, Islamic solidarity, and whatever else you may mention make the slightest difference. And indeed, if you watch the operation of the United Nations. The real community becomes a device by which superior force is registered. Because the typical pattern is that there are consultations while the war is going on.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=642.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNo, and when the aggressor has achieved what he seeks, the road community asks for a ceasefire. Never for a return to the status quo ante, we went through that in 1971, when India and Pakistan fought, we went through it in 1973. Then on the first day of the war I told the Soviets and the Arabs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=676.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nWe are willing to support in return to this Legislative Act, we are willing to call for a ceasefire. But we're not willing to support a ceasefire on new land, I said within three days and then I was wrong, you're gonna beg us for this. But it took ten days before they begged for it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=704.0,729.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut they would rather go to the limit of the war and then register the result of the war in the United Nations. Than to have a prior decision, which would have assured it. Which would have brought it about without [INAUDIBLE].\nI say all of this to indicate that we are living in a peculiar period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=729.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOn the one hand, we have the new features of military power that I've discussed. On the other, in major parts of the world, you have the old balance of power system, still operate. And it is nearly impossible, To understand What is going on unless you analyze the deep seated forces.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=761.0,808.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSomebody called me up today and said that at some conference, a small group, I had predicted six months ago that Iraq would use its army within six months. I didn't necessarily think against it, but it was mathematically certain that when you have a country. When I said within six months, I have no idea really, that was a figure of speech, I could have said 12 months.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=808.0,836.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI meant soon, right? It is not possible to commit imbalances to be created, that do not lead to political consequences. And when imbalances are created, you then get to discern situation that I've described. Namely the adaptations of the weaker to the stronger. Which means a surrender of governmental policy, of independent policy to a greater or lesser degree.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=836.0,883.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd in this way when you look at historical periods, There have been three different kinds of peace, there has been peace by equilibrium which is what we know best. That is, the ascendance of the European tradition over it. There has been peace by empires, which is what happened in the Chinese world.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=883.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd there has been peace by hegemony, which means one country is dominant. Other independent units exist but they are more or less vessels of the other but it's not impossible that the world could be moving from a period of equilibrium to periods of hegemony. Until the internal break up of the heter-monial powers that is the essence that maybe the essence of the modern period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=917.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd I want to repeat again what I With what I began. I'm not saying that force is the only arbiter of international relations. Because certainly the beliefs of people play a tremendous role. And you cannot understand the history of Poland, except as a triumph of faith over physical circumstance.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=959.0,985.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nOr the history of Israel in the modern period. Or the history of many small countries that wrested a margin of survival from their environment. Nor can you indefinitely maintain a position by brute force alone if you cannot translate it into a sense of obligation. Today, I was trying to analyze the element of military and physical power that are involved in some of the peculiarities of the modern system.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=985.0,1017.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the next time I'll go and begin with some case histories that illustrate this. But I'll stop at this point and I'll take a few questions. Yes?\n\u003e\u003e In terms of structure [INAUDIBLE].\nAre you saying Castro recommend dismantling [INAUDIBLE] nuclear threat in favor of some kind of [INAUDIBLE]?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1017.0,1055.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e It's impossible to dismantle the nuclear deterrent. Because, one, even if the Soviets agreed, you couldn't be sure that they have done it. And even if we both did it, that would just make those countries that don't agree to it, like China, that much more significant. No, I don't believe you can do away with nuclear weapons.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1055.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI think nuclear weapons exist and they have to be used rationally. I think it has two elements. One, I believe that as long as you have nuclear weapons, they must be given a military purpose. And you must not make the mass extermination of civilians your primary objective. I know this is an extraordinarily controversial topic, and I'll come back to it later in the term.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1086.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecondly, even when you have done that, you cannot rely on it under present circumstances. And you have to build up non-nuclear forces. Something we are not even remotely doing. When you read about the ready deployment force, and I don't know how many of you saw the article by James Schlesinger last week.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1111.0,1130.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut she said it's neither ready, nor is it a force, nor can it be deployed. Here we have God knows how many divisions. Theoretically, six, practically at most two. At most two and the third that we claimed are the strategic reserve for NATO. The strategic reserve for Korea.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1130.0,1152.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd the strategic reserve for the Persian Gulf. And we are playing war games with them of how quickly we can get there. But this is all eyewash for our own public. We can't get them to the Persian Gulf and fight there for any extended period of time. And anybody and everybody in the Persian Gulf knows it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1152.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd this is why they haven't been so enthusiastic about the Carter Doctrine. Why would Saudi Arabia reject an international force when they are extremely uneasy about the Iraqi military predominance which is being demonstrated every day? Because they have no belief that this international course is going to help them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1176.0,1202.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd since it can't help them, why have it there and force Saudi Arabia to take a position? Of course, I think if we put it there anyway, nobody in Saudi Arabia's gonna commit suicide over that issue. But I think we have not addressed this problem of what kind of conventional forces we really need.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1202.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nPartly because we can't do it with a volunteer army. I know this drives students up a wall but it happens to be a fact.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Hm?\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e We won't conduct an irrational, we'll be doomed to defeat if this keeps up.\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e It's quite possible [INAUDIBLE]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1230.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e If you accept what?\n\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e No, no, no, I know what you're talking about. But if that happens, if you have a defense dominated environment between the superpowers, it's beyond the capacity of minor nuclear countries. China cannot achieve a defense dominated environment for 30 years. I think it eliminates the threat from the secondary nuclear powers to the major powers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1270.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSecondly, it would then probably further even greater emphasis on conventional forces. Because then even the irrational threat would disappear.\n\u003e\u003e Do you see [INAUDIBLE] as far as the expansion is concerned?\n\u003e\u003e Well, you see, the paradox of the situation is that nuclear instability is an element of deterrence.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1315.0,1340.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nIt is nuclear stability that tends conventional aggression, unless you have also conventional stability. And this is what people have been absolutely unwilling to face. All the advocates of arms control, which was whom I have been identified for many periods. And with many of whose points I agree, have not been willing to take the next step which I am willing to take.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1340.0,1372.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNamely, that if you have stability in the nuclear field, you inevitably will have instability in all other fields.\n\u003e\u003e What's the potential solution for that situation [INAUDIBLE]?\n\u003e\u003e Well, I think that we seriously face on a national basis the sort of issues that I've raised, even if people disagree with my answers.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1372.0,1399.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nMany people don't even agree with the statement of the proper. You can go to a NATO Council meeting today where foreign ministers meet and they'd babble on about the conditions of the. Because if what I say is right, that's a theory. Everybody will have to do things that are domestically extremely difficult.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1399.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it's infinitely better for them to speak about the unimpaired commitment of the United States defense of Europe, even though in the out of box, they have to know. That it has to be different when America has to lose a 100 million people, as compared to the period when our casualties would've been negligent.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1419.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThat's got nothing to do with American leadership. That is a. It's inherent in this situation. And I don't know what answers that would come to if I'm facing the problem, but we haven't even faced the problem. Yes.\n\u003e\u003e Yeah, you mentioned that nuclear weapons [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Yes, but of course I'd rather have a rational military strategy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1439.0,1478.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nI said, if you have a strategy that depends on the threat of committing suicide, you have to act like a person prepared to commit suicide.\n\u003e\u003e Is that the madman theory?\n\u003e\u003e Well, look-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]\n\u003e\u003e That you have to act in a nuclear [INAUDIBLE] crisis [INAUDIBLE] acting irrationally?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1478.0,1499.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\n\n\u003e\u003e There is no such thing as a madman theory. There are journalists who are now making their reputation on getting our document here and there who claimed that Nixon had something called the madman theory on international politics. And I'm sure you can get tremendous applause at faculty meetings by rejecting such a theory.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1499.0,1531.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe fact of the matter if you have a strategy that depends on an irrational act, you have to act as if you were capable of being irrational. Nobody says you have to have a strategy that depends on an irrational act. But what many of the great heroes of these debates do Insist on a strategy that is irrational, as a strategy and on a rational foreign policy and that is impossible.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1531.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nNow, the so-called madman theory as applied to Nixon, Nixon was of the view, which I happen to think is correct, that if your opponent thinks that in the final analysis if you're pushed against the wall, not in the nuclear view but in general, you will do things that are extremely painful.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1561.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd that you would not normally do. That this will gain you the degree of respect that makes it unlikely that you'll be challenged. And after all, he wasn't challenged, except by wars that he inherited. And after all, think back to in the middle of Watergate when we had in effect no president, we didn't have what's going on today.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1585.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSo it's easy to make fun of the madman theory. And it wasn't really ever put that way. Yeah?\n\u003e\u003e In many parts of your lecture today, you made reference to the weakness, basically, of the democracy. In other words, the major difficulties existing in democratic regimes are devoting sufficient part of their energies and resources to defense.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1614.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd also when you're talking about adaptation that it is more likely democracy has to adapt to a relatively negative situation rather than take chances. And use military force in order to maintain oppressive situation. Do you see this as a structural weakness, or something that can be modified in some ways?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1650.0,1675.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nSomething that [INAUDIBLE] intellectual devices democracies can be made more aware of their interests in [INAUDIBLE]?\n\u003e\u003e Well, first of all, I will talk later about the impact of domestic structures on the conduct of foreign policy. At least with [INAUDIBLE] remarks, which I concentrated on democracies because we're living in a democracy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1675.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThe Communist systems have their own rigidities and their own difficulty of adaptation. But to answer your question, if you asked me as a historian, looked at the record of democracies, I would have to say, it's not inspiring. They have been progressively less willing to face their realties. That is a fact.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1701.0,1731.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nLooked at it as a political figure, as somebody who participates in the political life of our country, I do not accept the proposition. And I attempt to fight against it. And any serious person has to act on the proposition that it is changeable, even if the evidence points the other way.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1731.0,1757.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nBut if you'd simply project trends of thirty years, five years, If anybody in 1972 had set to take it out of a partisan context, anyone in 1972 had said by 1980, it is possible to say in America, we must not do certain things. Because otherwise Cuban's will intervene, if we had said that the Cuban troops in Angola and Ethiopia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1757.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nThere'll be a collapse of a pro-American government in Iran. There'll be Soviet troops in Afghanistan, an Iraqi war with Iran, a blockage of oil supplies amounting to about nine million barrels of oil a day. Radicalism in Central America moving up towards Mexico, the Caribbean and a heavy Castro, if anyone had said this in '72, he would've said, this is a degree of pessimism that is intolerable.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1796.0,1835.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd yet, it's all happened. And so one has to say that trends are not good. When has one seen a relative collapse or decline of a major country's influence comparable to that of the United States between 1950 and 1980 without war? Who could've thought it possible that the refineries in Abu Dan and Basra are both destroyed or attacked, and the western nations would do absolutely nothing, or even discuss doing anything?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1835.0,1876.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8519/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\nAnd people ask me all the time, am I opposed to the neutral policy? I'm not opposed to the neutral policy. I'm opposed to the policy that makes neutrality our only policy in this moment. But that started years ago. Yes?\n\u003e\u003e You mentioned that nuclear weapons must have a military-\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1876.0,1906.49469"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["ms_1981_s07_b0989_0002_caption.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=3.255,4.004"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=4.004,4.798"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e There's an enormous temptation by\nthe non-nuclear power to transform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=9.925,14.139"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the alliance into a unilateral guarantee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=14.139,16.7"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to do just enough to earn,\nTheir right to claim protection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=18.86,27.0"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then not enough to make it real.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=27.0,28.558"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=28.558,29.732"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Most of the debates in\nNATO over the past ten","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=37.672,41.812"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years have had the paradoxical content.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=41.812,45.839"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That whenever the United States has asked\nfor a strengthening of NATO forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=45.839,51.602"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was interpreted by our allies\nas a weakening of the alliance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=51.602,56.336"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument being that, to the extent of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=56.336,60.783"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alternative to the nuclear devastation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=60.783,65.358"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will slide out of\nour nuclear commitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=65.358,70.198"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that therefore the more forces they\nbuilt, the less protection, they'll get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=70.198,74.531"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is at the heart of all of the NATO\ndisputes in their elegant phrases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=77.477,82.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last year I gave a speech in NATO\nat Brussels at a NATO conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=82.93,88.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I said,\nwe must strengthen all of our defenses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=88.55,94.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No American president is\nlikely going to go and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=94.25,99.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kill 150 million people for\nmany of the issues that I can forsee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=99.067,106.116"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"30 years ago that would have been so\nelementary that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=106.116,109.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not have dared to say that\nat the international conference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=109.92,114.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On this occasion, all hell broke loose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=115.51,117.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had undermined the confidence in\nthe United States of NATO by asking for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=119.33,124.926"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an increase in the joint defense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=124.926,127.595"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The third problem is, In such situations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=132.066,138.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the refusal to face\nthe geopolitical element.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=138.36,142.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as long as you can provide the nuclear\nweapon, you can always believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=143.82,149.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that no change happening anywhere else in\nthe world can make a final difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=149.51,155.25"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because you can always equalize\nthings again by bringing about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=155.25,160.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"total distraction on both sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=160.12,162.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you have the paradox\nwhich we see illustrated today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=164.33,169.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The war between Iran and Iraq, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=172.14,175.426"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the suddenly plain vulnerability\nof the Persian Gulf,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=175.426,180.761"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do not produce a European commitment\nto the defense of the Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=185.747,192.254"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though their economic security is\nintimately more dependent on the analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=192.254,200.006"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is due to two fundamental\nchanges in the perceptions of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=203.258,210.73"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If, The outcome of the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=212.89,219.194"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems more destructive of one's purposes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=219.194,224.978"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then adaptation to whatever\nit is one is facing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=224.978,231.216"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then adaption is the likely 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Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=246.364,252.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying it yet exists but it\nexplains why it can even be talked about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=252.53,257.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second factor has to do with\nthe nature of modern 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used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=300.753,302.853"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also the incommensurability\nbetween the dangers societies face and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=302.853,308.427"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the quality of the leadership that they\nproduce in the modern [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=308.427,313.669"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the structure [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=313.669,317.465"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second problem, Neutrality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=317.465,321.484"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've mentioned that the various","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=329.187,333.265"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of neutrality that can 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alliance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=355.62,358.055"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Its security will depend on its ability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=360.842,364.889"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either to protect itself or\nto be protected by somebody 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of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=376.228,383.046"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is a very difficult\nconcept to get across to Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=387.472,394.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the United States we tend to 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and\nwar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=414.69,419.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm looking for\nsome quote where a former president in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=420.21,425.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the past, in the 1920s where\nit was in the Supreme Court","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=425.67,430.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that if we can only get nations to\ngo to the International Court of Justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=432.14,437.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the truth becomes known,\nnobody will dare to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=438.76,443.288"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stand against\nthe International Court of Justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=443.288,447.933"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the fact of the matter is we\nhave seen in the hostage 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period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=457.815,462.355"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Court of Justice\nwas with the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=462.355,465.492"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because during that\nperiod the people who had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=466.57,470.438"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hostages knew they were\nfacing no risks whatsoever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=470.438,475.34"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the universal condemnation\nby the Court of Justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=477.59,480.69"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of the action has not had\nthe slightest impact on the Iranians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=480.69,490.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no obstruct international opinion\nthat can be mobilized on concrete issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=490.52,498.079"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a minor consultant on European","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=500.36,504.3"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"matters in the early days of\nthe Kennedy administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=504.3,507.05"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a Berlin crisis at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=508.54,510.525"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everybody was looking around for\na formula on Berlin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=512.691,518.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That India, which at that time was\nconsidered a great moral arbiter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=520.52,524.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of world affairs, would support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=524.6,527.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=530.39,531.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the human mind could\nnot invent a formula.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=533.097,536.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which India would support\non the issue of Berlin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=539.241,543.369"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was treated with great\ndisdain by my colleagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=545.417,550.067"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I was 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policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=559.385,565.14"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that if you're weak, your best\nprotection is to exalt your weakness and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=565.14,570.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase the inefficiency\nof other countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=570.15,574.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But under no circumstances would\nIndia run the slightest risk for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=574.79,579.04"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a European city thousands of miles\naway in which it could not have this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=579.04,584.61"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slightest national interest, why should\nIndia risk Soviet good will over Berlin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=584.61,592.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would have done so only if it had\nfeared a president for matters that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=592.44,598.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned India, and I said it's\nincidentally not as a criticism of India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=598.13,603.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think India conducted\na perfectly rational apology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=603.98,606.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were the ones that conducted\na sentimental, childish apology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=606.77,613.826"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=613.826,615.489"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aa in the case of Iran, it is all\nvery well to talk about neutrality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=615.489,620.715"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's all very well to talk\nabout anti-Americanism and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=621.825,626.672"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-Sovietism, or\nwhatever else you want to talk about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=626.672,631.575"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the fundamental fact is that once the\nbalance of power in the Persian Gulf had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=631.575,635.625"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been destroyed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=635.625,636.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the superior country insisted on from\ngetting a political payment for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=636.33,642.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And no amount of neutralism, pledge to\nmoral superiority, Islamic solidarity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=642.45,648.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever else you may mention\nmake the slightest difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=648.41,655.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, if you watch\nthe operation of the United Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=655.52,661.4"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The real community becomes a device by\nwhich superior force is registered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=661.4,669.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because the typical pattern is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=670.7,672.71"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are consultations\nwhile the war is going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=673.75,676.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, and when the aggressor\nhas achieved what he seeks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=676.19,681.16"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the road community asks for a ceasefire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=681.16,684.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never for a return to the status quo ante,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=684.03,688.232"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went through that in 1971,\nwhen India and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=688.232,693.154"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pakistan fought,\nwe went through it in 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=693.154,698.333"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then on the first day of the war\nI told the Soviets and the Arabs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=698.333,703.21"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are willing to support in\nreturn to this Legislative Act,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=704.79,709.37"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are willing to call for a ceasefire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=709.37,711.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we're not willing to support\na ceasefire on new land, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=711.12,716.18"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said within three days and then I was\nwrong, you're gonna beg us for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=716.18,721.72"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it took ten days\nbefore they begged for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=724.78,729.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they would rather go\nto the limit of the war and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=729.28,733.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then register the result of\nthe war in the United Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=733.51,737.999"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Than to have a prior decision,\nwhich would have assured it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=739.31,745.105"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which would have brought it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=745.105,750.113"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about without [INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=750.113,755.15"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say all of this to indicate that\nwe are living in a peculiar period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=755.15,759.87"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the one hand, we have the new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=761.25,766.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"features of military power\nthat I've discussed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=766.79,772.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other, in major parts of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=772.58,776.154"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have the old balance of power system,\nstill operate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=776.154,781.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is nearly impossible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=785.969,789.969"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=792.294,795.558"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is going on unless you\nanalyze the deep seated forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=801.148,805.98"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody called me up today and said\nthat at some conference, a small group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=808.01,813.749"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had predicted six months ago that Iraq\nwould use its army within six months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=813.749,819.507"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't necessarily think against it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=821.619,823.868"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was mathematically certain\nthat when you have a country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=823.868,827.35"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I said within six months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=828.88,830.54"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no idea really, that was a figure\nof speech, I could have said 12 months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=830.54,836.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I meant soon, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=836.01,838.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not possible to commit\nimbalances to be created,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=839.53,844.545"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that do not lead to\npolitical consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=844.545,848.695"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when imbalances are created,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=850.86,853.054"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you then get to discern\nsituation that I've described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=853.054,857.45"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely the adaptations of\nthe weaker to the stronger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=857.45,863.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which means a surrender\nof governmental policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=864.76,871.881"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of independent policy to a greater or\nlesser degree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=871.881,879.52"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this way when you\nlook at historical periods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=883.691,887.573"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been three\ndifferent kinds of peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=891.125,895.513"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been peace by equilibrium\nwhich is what we know best.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=895.513,901.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, the ascendance of\nthe European tradition over it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=903.58,908.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been peace by empires, which\nis what happened in the Chinese world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=908.83,917.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there has been peace by hegemony,\nwhich means one country is dominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=917.43,922.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other independent units exist but\nthey are more or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=923.68,928.99"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less vessels of the other but\nit's not impossible that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=928.99,936.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world could be moving from a period\nof equilibrium to periods of hegemony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=936.24,941.19"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until the internal break up of\nthe heter-monial powers that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=944.08,949.641"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the essence that maybe\nthe essence of the modern period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=949.641,955.102"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to repeat again\nwhat I With what I began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=959.241,964.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that force is the only\narbiter of international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=964.91,970.53"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because certainly the beliefs of\npeople play a tremendous role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=970.53,974.94"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you cannot understand\nthe history of Poland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=976.29,979.28"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except as a triumph of faith\nover physical circumstance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=979.28,984.702"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the history of Israel\nin the modern period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=985.735,988.344"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the history of many small\ncountries that wrested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=988.344,993.394"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a margin of survival\nfrom their environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=993.394,997.982"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nor can you indefinitely maintain\na position by brute force alone if you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=997.982,1002.222"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot translate it into\na sense of obligation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1002.222,1005.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, I was trying to analyze\nthe element of military and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1005.13,1009.652"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical power that are involved in some\nof the peculiarities of the modern system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1009.652,1016.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the next time I'll go and begin with\nsome case histories that illustrate this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1017.37,1022.353"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'll stop at this point and\nI'll take a few questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1022.353,1026.879"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1029.549,1030.09"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e In terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1030.09,1033.542"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1033.542,1038.966"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1038.966,1044.393"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you saying Castro recommend\ndismantling [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1044.393,1050.293"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuclear threat in favor of\nsome kind of [INAUDIBLE]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1050.293,1055.701"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e It's impossible to dismantle\nthe nuclear deterrent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1055.701,1058.542"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, one, even if the Soviets agreed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1058.542,1063.43"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you couldn't be sure\nthat they have done it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1063.43,1068.325"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even if we both did it,\nthat would just make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1068.325,1073.512"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those countries that don't agree to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1073.512,1078.167"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like China, that much more significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1078.167,1082.965"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I don't believe you can\ndo away with nuclear weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1082.965,1086.406"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think nuclear weapons exist and\nthey have to be used rationally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1086.406,1090.613"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it has two elements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1090.613,1092.33"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, I believe that as long\nas you have nuclear weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1092.33,1097.29"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they must be given a military purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1097.29,1100.58"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you must not make the mass\nextermination of civilians your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1100.58,1103.79"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primary objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1103.79,1104.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know this is an extraordinarily\ncontroversial topic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1104.76,1107.74"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll come back to\nit later in the term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1107.74,1110.86"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, even when you have done that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1111.89,1115.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you cannot rely on it under\npresent circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1115.03,1117.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you have to build\nup non-nuclear forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1117.78,1121.11"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something we are not even remotely doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1121.11,1124.76"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you read about\nthe ready deployment force,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1124.76,1127.087"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't know how many of you saw the\narticle by James Schlesinger last week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1127.087,1130.903"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But she said it's neither ready, nor\nis it a force, nor can it be deployed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1130.903,1135.748"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have God knows how many divisions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1135.748,1140.77"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theoretically, six,\npractically at most two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1140.77,1143.92"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At most two and the third that we claimed\nare the strategic reserve for NATO.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1145.27,1150.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The strategic reserve for Korea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1150.07,1152.2"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the strategic reserve for\nthe Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1152.2,1155.55"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we are playing war games with\nthem of how quickly we can get there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1155.55,1159.65"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is all eyewash for\nour own public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1161.59,1165.32"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't get them to the Persian Gulf and\nfight there for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1167.98,1171.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any extended period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1171.66,1173.62"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And anybody and\neverybody in the Persian Gulf knows it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1173.62,1176.466"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is why they haven't been so\nenthusiastic about the Carter Doctrine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1176.466,1181.001"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why would Saudi Arabia reject\nan international force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1181.001,1186.369"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they are extremely uneasy\nabout the Iraqi military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1186.369,1191.976"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"predominance which is being\ndemonstrated every day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1191.976,1197.49"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they have no belief\nthat this international course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1197.49,1200.67"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to help them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1200.67,1201.51"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And since it can't help them,\nwhy have it there and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1202.65,1205.516"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"force Saudi Arabia to take a position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1205.516,1207.725"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course,\nI think if we put it there anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1207.725,1212.494"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nobody in Saudi Arabia's gonna\ncommit suicide over that issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1212.494,1219.409"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think we have not\naddressed this problem of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1219.409,1224.572"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of conventional\nforces we really need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1224.572,1230.005"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partly because we can't do\nit with a volunteer army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1230.005,1232.475"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know this drives students up a wall but\nit happens to be a fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1233.995,1239.284"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Hm?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1241.23,1243.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e We won't conduct an irrational,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1243.39,1247.824"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll be doomed to\ndefeat if this keeps up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1247.824,1250.443"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1250.443,1256.282"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e It's quite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1256.282,1261.664"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e If you accept what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1261.664,1271.587"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e [INAUDIBLE]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1271.587,1281.587"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e No, no, no,\nI know what you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1287.869,1290.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if that happens, if you have\na defense dominated environment between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1290.44,1296.03"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the superpowers, it's beyond\nthe capacity of minor nuclear countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1296.03,1302.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China cannot achieve a defense\ndominated environment for 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1302.81,1308.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it eliminates the threat from\nthe secondary nuclear powers to the major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1309.8,1314.784"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1314.784,1315.398"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, it would then\nprobably further even greater","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1315.398,1319.359"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasis on conventional forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1319.359,1321.896"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because then even the irrational\nthreat would disappear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1321.896,1326.991"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Do you see [INAUDIBLE] as far\nas the expansion is concerned?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1329.949,1334.751"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, you see, the paradox of the\nsituation is that nuclear instability is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1334.751,1338.788"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an element of deterrence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1338.788,1340.251"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is nuclear stability that\ntends conventional aggression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1340.251,1345.523"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless you have also\nconventional stability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1345.523,1349.508"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is what people have been\nabsolutely unwilling to face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1349.508,1353.786"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the advocates of arms control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1353.786,1358.125"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was whom I have been identified for\nmany periods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1358.125,1365.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with many of whose points I agree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1365.01,1367.81"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have not been willing to take the next\nstep which I am willing to take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1367.81,1372.17"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely, that if you have\nstability in the nuclear field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1372.17,1375.649"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you inevitably will have\ninstability in all other fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1375.649,1379.203"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e What's the potential solution for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1383.706,1387.972"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that situation [INAUDIBLE]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1387.972,1391.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, I think that we seriously face\non a national basis the sort of issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1391.39,1395.234"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've raised,\neven if people disagree with my answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1395.234,1398.459"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people don't even agree with\nthe statement of the proper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1399.65,1403.41"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can go to a NATO Council meeting\ntoday where foreign ministers meet and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1403.41,1407.38"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'd babble on about\nthe conditions of the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1407.38,1411.6"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if what I say is right,\nthat's a theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1411.6,1414.44"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody will have to do things that\nare domestically extremely difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1415.55,1419.015"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's infinitely better for them to\nspeak about the unimpaired commitment of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1419.015,1423.504"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States defense of Europe,\neven though in the out of box,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1423.504,1427.323"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1427.323,1428.408"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That it has to be different when America\nhas to lose a 100 million people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1428.408,1434.261"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as compared to the period when our\ncasualties would've been negligent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1434.261,1439.95"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's got nothing to do\nwith American leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1439.95,1442.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a.\nIt's inherent in this situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1442.22,1444.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't know what answers that would\ncome to if I'm facing the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1446.13,1451.638"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we haven't even faced the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1451.638,1454.577"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\u003e\u003e Yeah, you mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1458.524,1465.042"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that nuclear weapons [INAUDIBLE]\n\u003e\u003e Yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1465.042,1474.553"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but of course I'd rather have\na rational military strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1474.553,1478.27"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, if you have a strategy that\ndepends on the threat of committing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1478.27,1483.211"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suicide, you have to act like\na person prepared to commit suicide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1483.211,1488.008"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Is that the madman theory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1488.008,1490.973"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, look-\n\u003e\u003e [LAUGH]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1490.973,1493.248"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e That you have to act in a nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1493.248,1495.684"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[INAUDIBLE] crisis [INAUDIBLE]\nacting irrationally?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1495.684,1499.85"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e There is no such thing\nas a madman theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1499.85,1504.89"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are journalists who are now making","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1504.89,1510.01"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their reputation on getting our document\nhere and there who claimed that Nixon had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1510.01,1515.66"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something called the madman\ntheory on international politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1515.66,1521.46"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm sure you can get\ntremendous applause at faculty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1521.46,1526.42"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings by rejecting such a theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1526.42,1531.07"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact of the matter if you have\na strategy that depends on an irrational","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1531.07,1536.118"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"act, you have to act as if you\nwere capable of being irrational.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1536.118,1540.607"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody says you have to have a strategy\nthat depends on an irrational act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1540.607,1545.168"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what many of the great\nheroes of these debates do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1545.168,1550.36"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Insist on a strategy that is irrational,\nas a strategy and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1550.36,1556.276"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a rational foreign policy and\nthat is impossible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1556.276,1561.728"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the so-called madman\ntheory as applied to Nixon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1561.728,1566.373"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nixon was of the view,\nwhich I happen to think is correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1566.373,1571.112"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if your opponent thinks\nthat in the final analysis if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1571.112,1575.757"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're pushed against the wall,\nnot in the nuclear view but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1575.757,1580.692"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in general, you will do things\nthat are extremely painful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1580.692,1585.674"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that you would not normally do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1585.674,1588.445"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That this will gain you the degree\nof respect that makes it unlikely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1588.445,1593.122"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you'll be challenged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1593.122,1595.22"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after all, he wasn't challenged,\nexcept by wars that he inherited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1596.87,1600.782"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after all, think back to in\nthe middle of Watergate when we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1604.558,1609.436"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in effect no president,\nwe didn't have what's going on today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1609.436,1614.329"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's easy to make fun\nof the madman theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1614.329,1619.209"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it wasn't really ever put that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1619.209,1624.764"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1630.963,1633.712"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e In many parts of your lecture today,\nyou made reference to the weakness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1633.712,1638.468"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically, of the democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1638.468,1641.39"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, the major\ndifficulties existing in democratic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1641.39,1645.13"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regimes are devoting sufficient part of\ntheir energies and resources to defense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1645.13,1650.12"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also when you're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1650.12,1652.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adaptation that it is\nmore likely democracy has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1652.91,1657.88"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to adapt to a relatively negative\nsituation rather than take chances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1657.88,1661.97"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And use military force in order\nto maintain oppressive situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1661.97,1669.56"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you see this as a structural weakness,\nor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1669.56,1672.641"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that can be\nmodified in some ways?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1672.641,1675.818"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something that [INAUDIBLE]\nintellectual devices democracies can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1675.818,1680.741"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be made more aware of their\ninterests in [INAUDIBLE]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1680.741,1684.685"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003e\u003e Well, first of all,\nI will talk later about the impact of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1684.685,1688.765"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domestic structures on\nthe conduct of foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1688.765,1692.764"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least with [INAUDIBLE] remarks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1692.764,1695.217"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I concentrated on democracies\nbecause we're living in a democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1695.217,1701.06"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Communist systems have\ntheir own rigidities and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1701.06,1703.425"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their own difficulty of adaptation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1703.425,1705.153"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to answer your question,\nif you asked me as a historian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1706.89,1713.91"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked at the record of democracies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1713.91,1718.315"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have to say, it's not inspiring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1718.315,1723.287"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have been progressively less\nwilling to face their realties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1723.287,1727.997"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1727.997,1731.151"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looked at it as a political figure,\nas somebody who participates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1731.151,1736.803"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the political life of our country,\nI do not accept the proposition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1736.803,1742.984"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I attempt to fight against it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1742.984,1747.544"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And any serious person has to act on\nthe proposition that it is changeable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1747.544,1752.778"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if the evidence points the other way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1752.778,1755.78"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you'd simply project trends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1757.38,1762.845"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of thirty years, five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1762.845,1767.589"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If anybody in 1972 had set to take\nit out of a partisan context,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1769.859,1776.247"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyone in 1972 had said by 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1776.247,1780.24"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is possible to say in America,\nwe must not do certain things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1780.24,1786.418"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because otherwise Cuban's will intervene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1786.418,1790.972"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we had said that the Cuban\ntroops in Angola and Ethiopia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1790.972,1796.832"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There'll be a collapse of\na pro-American government in Iran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1796.832,1802.68"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There'll be Soviet troops in Afghanistan,\nan Iraqi war with Iran,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1804.47,1810.93"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a blockage of oil supplies amounting to\nabout nine million barrels of oil a day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1810.93,1817.83"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Radicalism in Central America\nmoving up towards Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1818.9,1823.644"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Caribbean and a heavy Castro,\nif anyone had said this in '72,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1823.644,1829.254"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would've said, this is a degree\nof pessimism that is intolerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1829.254,1835.088"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, it's all happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1835.088,1838.593"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so\none has to say that trends are not good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1838.593,1843.626"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When has one seen a relative collapse or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1843.626,1846.794"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decline of a major country's\ninfluence comparable to that of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1846.794,1851.786"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States between 1950 and\n1980 without war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1851.786,1856.882"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who could've thought it possible\nthat the refineries in Abu Dan and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1861.373,1866.161"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basra are both destroyed or attacked, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1866.161,1869.185"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the western nations would do absolutely\nnothing, or even discuss doing anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1869.185,1875.159"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people ask me all the time,\nam I opposed to the neutral policy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1876.4,1882.078"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not opposed to the neutral policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1882.078,1883.838"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm opposed to the policy that makes\nneutrality our only policy in this moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1883.838,1890.214"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that started years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1890.214,1892.135"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?\n\u003e\u003e You mentioned that nuclear weapons must","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1892.135,1895.321"},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a military-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589#t=1895.321,1896.55"}]},{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://yalemssa.aviaryplatform.com/collections/56/collection_resources/17992/file/73589/transcript/8520/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/520/original/transcript_index_158395646520200311-3371-1549yqz?1583942066","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/520/original/transcript_index_158395646520200311-3371-1549yqz?1583942066"}]}]}]}